Implementation of ODF (Open Defecation Free) Program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City

This study aims to examine how the implementation of the open defecation free (ODF) program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City. The Open Defection Free (ODF) program is a government program that aims to change hygienic and sanitary behavior through community empowerment so that the community independently improves good health status. The urgency of this research is due to the lack of public awareness of the importance of hygiene and health. In Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City, there are still people in two villages who practice open defecation. Based on data from the Sukabumi City Health Office, from 2019 to 2022 there was no decrease in open defecation rates in Nyomplong Village and Warudoyong Village. The research method used a descriptive qualitative method with a snowball sampling technique and the number of respondents was six informants. The result of this research is that the ODF program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City has not been running optimally, due to the lack of public awareness about the importance of the ODF program and limited land for the construction of communal septic tanks. Therefore, the recommendation for this research is the need for community roles and cooperation to improve facilities for the construction of communal septic tanks so that people can improve the quality of clean and healthy living, and increase socialization media by utilizing social media to provide information about the benefits of the ODF program to increase knowledge for the community.


INTRODUCTION
Sanitation is still a dominating problem in environmental health in Indonesia, where poor sanitation causes environmental-based diseases and even causes death, this occurs due to low public awareness of clean and healthy living behavior.The problem will be more difficult due to the increase in population that is not proportional to the settlement area.The number of people who defecate in the open into water sources used for washing, bathing, and other purposes.Open defecation is usually practiced in gardens, bushes, rivers, and places where the community collectively builds latrines without septic tanks but is directly disposed of in the open.
Open defecation can cause several problems such as stunting, malnutrition, diarrhea, enteric parasite infections in young children, and child mortality (Patil et al., 2014;Hammer & Spears., 2016;Mara., 2017;Ayalew et al., 2018).These sanitation problems are very important to be addressed immediately to realize clean and healthy sanitation in the community.One of the government's efforts to reduce sanitation problems and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is the Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) program.This program was created to solve public health problems related to health development, especially in the field of hygiene and sanitation by empowering the community through triggering methods.This is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2014 concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM).
The implementation of the first pillar of the STBM program is ODF, which is the entrance to total sanitation and is an effort to break the chain of human feces contamination of drinking, eating, and other water sources.Therefore, it is expected that with the ODF program, the community is expected to build healthy and proper latrines according to STBM criteria.The ODF program can be verified if community access to healthy and proper latrines has reached 100% of the increase in clean and healthy living behavior in the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) and the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan (Renstra) 2020-2024.It should be emphasized that a good toilet is a healthy toilet that has a toilet, septic tank, and infiltration according to the operational definition of the Ministry of Health.

METHOD
This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data collection techniques in this study come from primary and secondary data.Primary data was obtained through observation and interviews with snowball sampling of informants.Those who were used as informants were directly related to the implementation of the ODF program, namely: the head of the environmental health section of the Sukabumi City Health Office, the head of the human development and empowerment section of the Warudoyong Sub-district of Sukabumi City, the sanitarian of Pabuaran Publik Health Center, the sanitarian of Sukakarya Publik Health Center, the sanitarian of Benteng Public Health Center, and the community of Warudoyong Sub-district in Warudoyong Sub-district of Sukabumi City.Data validation was carried out using triangulation in this study using source triangulation and technical triangulation.In addition, data analysis was carried out using data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman analysis model (in Sugiyono, 2022), namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding/verification.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Van Meter and Van Horn in Agustino (2014:142) explain that six variables that affect implementation performance include policy size and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agents, attitudes/dispositions of implementers, inter-organizational communication and implementing activities, and the economic, social, and political environment.In this study, to measure the effectiveness of ODF program implementation in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City, researchers conducted an analysis using the policy implementation model proposed by Van Meter and Van Horn in Agustino (2014: 142), described as follows.

Policy Measures and Objectives
A measure of the success of a policy is implemented from how the objectives are born, a policy can be said to be running well if the objectives and policy implementation are in accordance.Based on the results of interviews conducted by researchers.
The implementation of the ODF program in Warudoyong Sub-district is following the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2014 concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) to realize hygienic and sanitary community behavior independently to increase the highest degree of public health, this is a guideline for implementers because the regulation discusses the implementation of STBM with 5 pillars that will facilitate efforts to increase access to better community sanitation and change and maintain the sustainability of a clean and healthy living culture.According to Van Meter and Van Horn in Agustino (2016: 133) explains that the performance of policy implementation can be measured for success if the size and objectives of the policies made are realistic with the social and cultural conditions of the region.When the size and objectives of the policy made are too ideal or imposed on a less supportive level of society, it will be difficult to realize public policy to the point that is said to be successful.The purpose of the ODF program is to improve the quality of clean and healthy living, keep the environment clean and prevent various diseases that come from polluted water.
The role of the government is to motivate the community to change their behavior because the measure of the success of the ODF program is seen from changes in community behavior to live clean and healthy, but the community has not been motivated to change their behavior to live clean and healthy, so the objectives of the ODF program have not been well received by the community.

Resources
Resources are one of the important factors that influence the successful implementation of an implementation, if the implementor lacks resources that can support the implementation of the policy, the implementation of the policy program will not run effectively because the success of the policy implementation process is highly dependent on the ability to utilize existing resources.
The human resources of Warudoyong Sub-district are sufficient to implement the ODF program both in terms of quantity and quality.In terms of quantity, there is cross-sector collaboration in implementing the ODF program and utilizing the head of the neighborhood in the local area to implement the ODF program well.In terms of quality, human resources already know the ODF program.This is similar to previous research that the quantity of human resources owned is sufficient to carry out supervision activities of the ODF program.This is done by utilizing the existing apparatus and the head of the local neighborhood.Likewise, budget resources are sufficient, sourced from APBD funds that are planned to support efforts to develop the STBM approach and the many assistance programs for the construction of septic tanks.
According to Edward III, important resources include the right staff with the required expertise; sufficient and relevant information on how to implement the policy and adjustments to who is involved in policy implementation; authority to ensure that this policy is carried out with certain intentions and objectives; and various facilities (including buildings, equipment, land, and supplies) in it for the public interest.Therefore, facility resources are a problem in this dimension, namely limited land for the construction of communal septic tanks, which causes the implementation of the ODF program to be ineffective because, without adequate resources, it is impossible for a policy to be implemented properly.

Implementing Agent Characteristics
Implementing agent characteristics are the attitudes of each policy implementer.This attitude can be a benchmark for policy implementers.This can be seen from organizational structures, norms, and relational patterns that emerge in the bureaucracy, all of which affect the implementation of a program.In this dimension, how much does the carrying capacity of the developing organizational structure, relationships, and communication affect the implementation of the ODF program.
Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the characteristics of the implementing agents meet the implementation of the ODF program because the implementation involves several agencies located in the Warudoyong Sub-district area, namely Warudoyong Sub-district, Pabuaran Health Center, Sukakarya Health Center, and Benteng Health Center.According to Van Meter and Van Horn, from the point of view of the breadth of the implementation area, needs to be taken into account because if the coverage area is large, it requires a large number of implementing agents and is spread out in the implementation process.In addition, the implementing agents involved have performed their duties and functions following the ODF program SOP.This is similar to the research in that the implementers have carried out their respective duties so that they are responsible for what has been implemented when the ODF program is running until the program activities are completed.

Attitude / Tendency of Implementers (Disposition)
According to Van Meter and Van Horn in Agustino (2016: 135) that the attitude of policy implementers greatly influences the success or failure of public policy implementation.This is very likely to happen because the policy implemented is not the result of the formulation of local people who know very well the problems they feel.
Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the attitude of the implementers is quite good in its implementation, always trying as much as possible to supervise and control the implementation of the ODF program, because if supervision is carried out properly, the implementor will know the extent to which the program has been carried out whether the implementation is under the plan and to ascertain whether the program objectives have been achieved and whether there are problems in implementing the program.

Inter-Organizational Communication and Implementation Activities
According to Van Meter and Van Horn in Agustino (2016: 135) that communication is an important variable in determining the success of achieving public policy implementation goals.Implementation or implementation of a policy program needs support and coordination with other agencies.For this reason, good communication and coordination between agencies are needed to support the success of a policy program.The better the coordination of communication between the parties involved, the fewer errors will occur.
Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the dimensions of inter-organizational communication and implementing activities have been running effectively, both communication between sectors.As a result of communication, the construction of communal septic tanks as an effort to support the ODF program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City.Based on the picture above, it can be seen that the location of communal septic tanks that have been built, in the future there are still many points of septic tank locations that will be built by the government from the results of communication between sectors.Meanwhile, communication with the community through socialization is carried out routinely both outside and inside the building regarding the importance of healthy latrines by building septic tanks by the public health center because the task of the public health center is direct motivation to change behavior or triggering the community, but during the implementation of socialization, the community does not pay attention to the information provided about the ODF program.
According to Van Meter and Van Horn in Agustino (2016: 135) that good communication is both a mechanism and a requirement in determining policy success.The better the communication and coordination between the parties involved in the implementation process, the less likely errors will occur, and vice versa if communication is not good between the parties

Zaimatuz Zulfa et.al.; Implementation of ODF (Open Defecation Free) Program … | 113
involved, the more likely a policy will fail.Although in its implementation not a few experienced difficulties, various efforts were made so that the ODF program could be implemented properly.

Economic, Social, and Political Environment
What needs to be considered to assess the performance of public policy implementation according to Van Meter and Van Horn is the extent to which the external environment contributes to the success of the policies that have been determined.This can be seen from the following aspects: First, the economic situation is a source of budget to meet the needs of policy implementation.Second, social conditions, including public or community responses to policies, can affect social conditions.Third, political conditions, or power, is the power that officials have to determine whether the policy is running properly.
The ODF program has been supported by the government, as seen from the policy made, namely Sub-district Head Decree Number 17 of 2022 as well as the government program for the construction of communal septic tanks.In terms of the economy, it is still difficult for the community to build septic tanks because they have not made septic tanks a necessity.There are still many people who throw septic tanks into the ditch.Lack of support from the community regarding the ODF program because there are still people who do not understand the importance of the ODF program.The external environment perspective provided by Van Meter and Van Horn contributes to the success of the planned performance.Unfavorable social, economic, and political conditions can lead to policy implementation failure.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research results that have been described previously.Regarding the implementation of the open defecation free (ODF) program policy in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City, researchers looked at or referred to Van Meter and Van Horn's theory, namely: 1) Policy Measures and Objectives, the implementation of the ODF program in Warudoyong Subdistrict following the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2014 concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) to realize hygienic and sanitary community behavior independently to improve the highest degree of public health, but the community has not been motivated to change clean and healthy living behavior, so the objectives of the ODF program have not been well received by the community.2) Resources, supporting resources in the implementation of the ODF program are inadequate due to limited land for the construction of communal septic tanks, which causes the implementation of the ODF program to be ineffective.3) The characteristics of the Implementing Agents were met for the implementation of the ODF program, because the organizational structure has been implemented by Warudoyong Subdistrict, Pabuaran Health Center, Sukakarya Health Center, and Benteng Health Center as a team formed by their main duties and functions.4) Attitude/Tendency of Implementers (Disposition), is quite good in its implementation, always trying as much as possible to supervise and control the implementation of the ODF program following the rules.5) Inter-Organizational Communication and Implementing Activities, both communication between sectors and with the community have been effective.However, socialization in the community is not optimal because

Table 1 . Open Defecation Warudoyong Subdistrict Data Public Health Center Urban Village Family Card 2019 2020 2021 2022
Table1shows that there are still many people practicing open defecation in The Warudoyong Sub-district, although Benteng and Dayeuhluhur villages have succeeded in reducing the number of open defecation, other villages have not seen a decrease in the number of open defecation.The phenomenon of the problem above, regarding the ODF program, shows that there are still many people who do not have septic tank facilities because of this, not a few people still dispose of feces in ditches or rivers.Particularly in Nyomplong and Warudoyong urban villages, there has not been a reduction in open defecation.Therefore, researchers are interested in examining this issue with the title "Implementation of the Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City.