Impact of Prabowo Subianto Figure on the Political Attitudes of First-Time Voters in the Re-nomination of the Indonesian Presidential Candidate 2019-2024

The possibility of Prabowo Subianto's re-nomination as a presidential candidate in Indonesia for 2019-2024 raises questions about whether his figure, having previously lost in the 2014 presidential election, can create a positive attitude among the Indonesian public, especially first-time voters. In addition to perceptions of the figure which is the focus of this research, the media's significant role in shaping the attitudes of first-time voters is also discussed. This study is a quantitative research with primary data obtained from questionnaires of 250 respondents from five universities in Jakarta and Bandung. The research also uses supplementary data through interviews and literature studies. The analysis technique utilizes multiple regression analysis.The results show a significant and positive influence between the figure and media on the attitudes of first-time voters in viewing Prabowo Subianto. The findings reinforce theories of political communication and political culture regarding the role of figures / political actors in shaping public attitudes or opinions with the aid of media reporting.


INTRODUCTION
In the dynamics of politics, various factors influence the public's attitude towards political candidates, especially in the context of presidential elections (Chhotray & Stoker, 2009;Cooper & Pugh, 2002;Ferreira, 2017;Tholens, 2017).This attitude is not only formed from the actions of the candidates highlighted by the media but also from the public's knowledge and understanding of the political symbols represented by the candidate.Credibility, trust, and orientation towards political symbols, along with cultural background and individual interests, play a significant role in forming this attitude.The 2014 Indonesian presidential election featured a tight race between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto, where Jokowi was elected president.However, the media indicates that both figures will compete again in the 2019 Presidential Election.
This study is based on Political Communication Theory and Political Culture Theory (Chhotray & Stoker, 2009;Lin & Kaewkhunok, 2021).These theories help understand how political figures and the media influence the formation of political attitudes, especially among first-time voters.Previous research indicates that candidates who lose in elections often do not participate in the following elections, as happened with Megawati, Amin Rais, and others.However, the case of Prabowo Subianto is different, where he is considered to run again as a presidential candidate in the 2019 Presidential Election.

Validity and Reliability Test Results
Before testing the influence between research variables, a research instrument test was carried out which included validity and reliability tests.Researchers used the corrected item total correlation test to test validity.The critical value of a research instrument is declared valid by comparing the calculated r with the r table.Meanwhile, the reliability test was carried out using Cronbach's alpha, with the minimum reliability value is 0.70 (good reliability).
-If r count > r Based on table 2, it can be stated that all question items in the media variable research instrument are declared valid (all calculated r values are greater than r table = 0.3061).Meanwhile, the overall media variables studied were declared reliable and had very good power to measure the same variable with different objects.Based on table 2, it can be stated that all question items in the attitude variable research instrument are declared valid (all calculated r values are greater than r table = 0.3061).Meanwhile, the overall attitude variable studied was declared reliable and had very good power to measure the same variable with different objects.

Data Normality Test
The normality test aims to test whether the data is normally distributed or not.A good model is a model that has normally distributed data.To test whether the data distribution is normal or not, one way to see the normality of the data is through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test .The following are the results of tests carried out on the data that has been obtained.Based on table 3, the results of the research data normality test, the three research variables are stated to have data with a normal distribution and are suitable for inferential statistical analysis, such as multiple regression analysis.This can be seen from the significance value of each research variable which is more than 0.05.Where the figure variable is 0.071, the media 0.065, and the attitude variable with a significance of 0.083.So next the researcher will describe the results of hypothesis testing using multiple regression.

Results of the Influence of Figures on the Attitudes of Beginner Voters (First Hypothesis)
The first hypothesis relates to the influence of political figures in having an impact on people's political attitudes (in this context, first-time voters) whether they support or not support the political figure, the following is the first research hypothesis: H0: There is no influence between Prabowo's figure on the political attitudes of first-time voters t count < t table or α (sig.)> 0.05 H1: There is an influence between Prabowo's figure on the political attitudes of first-time voters t count ≥ t table or α (sig.)≤ 0.05 Based on table 4, the calculated t result is 25.876 and the significance is 0.000.With df = 200, the t table value is 1.65251, so the value is 25.876 > 1.65251 and 0.000 < 0.05 (t count ≥ t table and α (sig.)≤ 0.05).So it can be concluded that we accept H1, which means that there is a positive and significant influence between figures on the attitude of first-time voters in supporting or not supporting a political figure.This means that the better a figure a person sees and perceives, the better the attitude of novice voters will be in being able to support and vote for that figure.
With a coefficient of determination of 0.730, it means that there is a 73% change in the variance of the attitude variable that can be explained by the figure variable separately.This fairly large coefficient of determination value shows that the main strength in which a political figure can win an election is by establishing a good figure and character in the eyes of the public.This includes expertise, trustworthy values, personal attractiveness to nationalism and nationalistic values.

Test Results of the Influence of Figures on Media Messages (Second Hypothesis)
The second hypothesis relates to the influence of political figures in having an impact on media reporting.Whether the figure shown can create positive media coverage about the political figure or not, the following is the second research hypothesis: H0: There is no influence between Prabowo's figure on media messages perceived by firsttime voters t count < t table or α (sig.)> 0.05 H1: There is an influence between Prabowo's figure on media messages perceived by firsttime voters t count ≥ t table or α (sig.)≤ 0.05  22,025 0,000 Dependent Variable: Media Source: Data processing of 250 respondents using SPSS 22 Based on table 5, the calculated t result is 22.025 and the significance is 0.000.With df = 200, the t table value is 1.65251, so the value is 22.025 > 1.65251 and 0.000 < 0.05 (t count ≥ t table and α (sig.)≤ 0.05).So it can be concluded that we accept H1, which means that there is a positive and significant influence between figures on the media coverage that novice voters feel about a political figure.This means that the better the figure someone sees and perceives, the better the media coverage that novice voters will perceive about that figure.
With a coefficient of determination of 0.662, it means that there is a 66.2% change in the variance of the media reporting variable which can be explained by the figure variable separately.This fairly large coefficient of determination value shows that the main strength of a political figure can make media coverage positively received by the public.This includes expertise, trustworthy values, personal attractiveness to nationalism and nationalistic values.

Test Results of the Effect of Media Messages on the Attitudes of Beginner Voters (Third
Hypothesis) The third hypothesis relates to the influence of media reporting in having an impact on people's political attitudes (in this context, first-time voters) whether they support or not support someone reported by the media.The following is the first research hypothesis: H0: There is no influence between the media on the political attitudes of novice voters t count < t table or α (sig.)> 0.05 H1: There is an influence between the media on the political attitudes of novice voters t count ≥ t Based on table 5, the calculated t result is 18.126 and the significance is 0.000.With df = 200, the t table value is 1.65251, so the value is 18.126 > 1.65251 and 0.000 < 0.05 (t count ≥ t table and α (sig.)≤ 0.05).So it can be concluded that we accept H1, which means that there is a positive and significant influence between media coverage on the attitude of first-time voters in supporting or not supporting a political figure.This means that the better the media coverage is perceived by the public, the better the attitude of first-time voters will be in being able to support and vote for that figure.
With a coefficient of determination of 0.570, it means that there is a 57% change in the variance of the attitude variable which can be explained by the media variable separately.This fairly large coefficient of determination value shows that the media can determine and win the hearts of voters in an election.In this case, media reporting is directly related to the formation of a good figure and character in the eyes of the public, so that good media reporting will determine the attitude of the public (in this case, first-time voters).Positive things about this media include the frequency of news, the duration or depth of the message in the news, the viewpoints raised and the diversity of media that convey messages about a political figure.

Simultaneous Influence of Figures and Media on the Attitudes of New Voters
Next, the researcher describes the analysis of the influence of two independent variables (simultaneous) on the dependent variable.This influence test is related to the role of figures and the media simultaneously in having an impact on people's attitudes towards these figures.The following are the test results obtained: Based on table 6, the calculated F result is 352.173 and the significance is 0.000.With df (N1) = 3 and df (N2) = 200, the F table value is 2.65, so the value is 352.173> 2.65 and 0.000 < 0.05 (F count ≥ F table and α (sig.)≤ 0, 05).So it can be concluded that there is a simultaneous influence between figures and the media on the formation of attitudes of first-time voters.This means that both things regarding figures and media that are good at conveying news will have an impact on the formation of better public attitudes in supporting political figures.With the R2 value showing 0.740, it means that there is a 74% change in attitude variables (variance) which can be explained by the presence of figure and media variables.Meanwhile, the remaining 26% is explained by other variables not measured in this study.

Discussion
Increasing regional original tax revenue in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a critical concern for many countries and local governments.The pandemic has significantly impacted tax revenues and the financial stability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) (Ntiamoah et al., 2023).The outbreak has led to a decrease in tax revenues and an increase in recurrent expenditures, necessitating the need to re-engineer revenue drives for future development (Adekoya et al., 2021).The allocation of funds for COVID-19 prevention has also contributed to deficit financing, affecting regional revenue and expenditure budgets (Adekoya et al., 2021).Studies have shown that the pandemic constraints have had a negative effect on business entities and tax revenue (Femi-Olagundoye & Olagundoye, 2022).Furthermore, the analysis of developing Asia's fiscal landscape has revealed a lag in tax revenues compared to high-income economies, emphasizing the challenges faced by developing regions (Go et al., 2022).
In response to these challenges, researchers have proposed various strategies to address the impact of the pandemic on tax revenues.These strategies include utilizing mixed-frequency data and implementing tax incentive policies to support national economic recovery (Kumala & Bakar, 2022;Lahiri & Yang, 2022).Additionally, evaluating the quality of tax service during the pandemic era has been highlighted as a crucial factor in maintaining taxpayer compliance and satisfaction (Rahmiati & Inayah, 2022).The impact of the pandemic on specific sectors, such as hotel and restaurant tax revenue, has also been analyzed, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to support affected industries (Andriansyah et al., 2021).
Moreover, the pandemic has affected the compliance level of annual tax reporting for individual taxpayers, posing a challenge for countries aiming to increase tax revenues (Ambarwati et al., 2021).In response, tax policies have been introduced to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic and provide incentives for taxpayers (Padyanoor, 2020).Additionally, the implementation of accounting standards and education levels has been identified as factors influencing taxpayer compliance during the pandemic (Kristiana et al., 2021).

CONCLUSION
There is a positive and significant influence of a political figure's image on the formation of political attitudes in first-time voters.A better image of the figure leads to more positive attitudes.In this context, Prabowo Subianto's image is perceived as average by respondents, affecting their neutral attitudes, with many undecided about supporting him.Approximately 73% of attitude changes in first-time voters can be attributed to their perception of the figure.There is a positive and significant influence of a political figure's image on media reporting as perceived by first-time voters.A better image leads to more favorable media coverage.Prabowo's image, perceived as average, results in average media reporting, with respondents indicating an average amount of interesting news about him.About 66.2% of changes in media perception by first-time voters are due to their perception of the figure.
There is a positive and significant influence of media reporting on first-time voters' attitudes towards Prabowo Subianto.Better media perception leads to more positive attitudes.Prabowo's image, viewed as average, and the media coverage, also perceived as average, influence voters' attitudes.Approximately 57% of attitude changes in first-time voters can be attributed to their media perception.In assessing Prabowo Subianto's image and first-time voters' attitudes towards him, several factors could indicate potential support or positive attitudes.These include positive evaluations of Prabowo's expertise, including leadership and military skills, high knowledge, and mass mobilization abilities; positive perceptions of his physical and personal appeal, including expressiveness, strong oration, leadership posture, intelligence, and patriotism; and positive perceptions of media reporting, including consistently good and interesting messages about Prabowo and widespread media coverage.

Table 1 . Validity and Reliability Test Results for Figure Variables
table (2-sided test with sig.0.05) then the instrument or question items are significantly correlated with the total score (declared valid).-If r count < r table (2-sided test with sig.0.05) or r count is negative, then the instrument or question items do not correlate significantly with the total score (declared invalid).With sig.0.05 and the sample used was 30 respondents, then the r table value obtained was 0.3061.So the validity and reliability test results obtained are as follows: