Community Participation in The Implementation of Waste Management Policies In Surabaya Main Waste Bank

The 2030 SDGs target will not be achieved as long as the environment is still polluted by wild waste. Wild waste is a problem that is closely related to households, where the city of Surabaya is free from the problem of illegal waste. Therefore, the participation of Surabaya City households in managing waste is the object of research. What drives households to participate in waste management activities, especially in BSIS, is discussed in this study. This research is a qualitative research with an interpretive social science approach. The research location was at BSIS where the data collection was obtained through literature, observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with selected informants using a purposive technique. Checking the validity of the data used source triangulation and data analysis using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that those who participate in BSIS are those who have economic motives or make BSIS a financial resource, have the skills to participate, carry out government commitments, adhere to the same social organization tradition, know the legal framework regarding waste banks, and have ease of accessing information.


INTRODUCTION
To achieve the 17 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (TPB) or SDGs in 2030, environmental cleanliness must be realized first. However, the cleanliness of the environment is still often polluted by the presence of wild waste. Illegal waste means waste that is thrown in any place or outside the official waste collection site by residents who do not care about the cleanliness of the environment and can usually be found on roadsides, in rivers, in drains or on abandoned lands. Wild waste is very disturbing because it is a gathering place for sources of disease, destroys the beauty of an area, creates an unpleasant odor, and indicates that there is something that needs to be addressed in waste management in that area.
Illegal waste looks like a trivial problem, in fact it is like an iceberg phenomenon, which occurs in almost cities/districts throughout Indonesia. The phenomenon of wild waste is very easy to find in online news such as detik.com, kompas.com, liputan6.com, and so on. Starting from big cities to the district level, they are hit by wild waste. Protocol roads, waterways, under bridges, to quiet places are used as illegal waste locations. The reasons for the emergence of wild waste are also very diverse. The lack of public awareness to the limited resources owned by the local government is the trigger. People who are ignorant of the environment throw garbage in rivers, vacant land, or roadsides (Amusan et al., 2018;Zahra et al., 2012). The important thing is that the house and yard are free of trash. Whereas, Illegal waste is a seemingly trivial problem, but it is not easy to overcome. To overcome this problem, what needs to be done is to find the origin of the waste or who is the source of the waste for the occurrence of this illegal waste. From articles in several online media, it is stated that wild waste is dominated by household waste. Likewise, the SIPSN (National Waste Management Information System) also states that the largest contributor to waste in Indonesia comes from households, namely 41%. Household waste means waste originating from daily activities in the household, except for feces and certain waste. Household waste comes from households that arise as a result of activities in people's homes or families. Wild waste related to household community. Therefore, the participation of the household community is very important in order to overcome the problem of wild waste. Wild waste, which is still a scourge for several cities/regencies in Indonesia, is no longer found in the city of Surabaya. As the second largest city in Indonesia, the city of Surabaya has become a clean city. In fact, the city of Surabaya has won many awards for its performance in managing waste, reducing waste, and demonstrating good environmental governance and sustainability. An achievement that began with the emergence of the Surabaya Green and Clean (SGC) program in 2005. Nugroho (2017) says that public policy is important because the collapse and success of a state or nation is based on the greatness of its public policy, not on its natural resources, strategic position, or politics. In addition, the presence of public policy is to solve problems that exist in the life of society and the state such as the opinion of Lester and Steward in Riant Nugroho (2017: 203) which says that public policy is a process or a series or pattern of government activities or decisions designed to solve public problems, both real and imagined.
As a city with a large population, Surabaya City has shown its achievements in waste management. According to SIPSN, the managed waste in the city of Surabaya has increased every year. In the last three years, namely from 2019 -2021 managed waste in the City of Surabaya is 96.47%, 96.48% and 98.32%, respectively. Managing waste consists of reducing and dealing with waste generation. In managing its waste, the City of Surabaya has several types of waste management facilities. According to data from DLH Surabaya City, the waste management facilities in Surabaya City include: 1. One TPA (Final Processing Site) located on Jl. Romokalisari 1, Kec. Benowo, City of Surabaya, East Java 60192, 2. nineTPS 3R (waste processing sites that apply the 3R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle) or locations where collection, sorting, reuse and recycling activities are carried out on an area scale, 3. 26 compost houses, 4. one main waste bank, namely the Surabaya Main Garbage Bank (BSIS) located at Jalan Ngagel Timur No.26, RT.09/RW.06 Pucang Sewu, Gubeng District, Surabaya City, East Java 60283, and 5. 623 unit waste banks divided into three groups, namely 459 village waste banks or managed by village communities/households, 139 school waste banks or managed by schools, and 25 waste banks managed by communities/companies/agencies. It's not only the City Government of Surabaya who has stepped in to manage waste in the City of Surabaya. The people of Surabaya City also contribute to creating cleanliness in the City of Surabaya. As a form of community participation in managing waste, a main waste bank named BSIS was established in the city of Surabaya. Surabaya Main Garbage Bank (BSIS) is a waste bank established by households. This waste bank was originally a unit waste bank under the name Bina Mandiri Waste Bank which was established in 2010. After becoming the best waste bank in 2016, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry inaugurated it as BSIS in 2017. BSIS is a form of community participation in managing waste in a waste bank where it has been established for more than ten years. Participation from the household community which is manifested in BSIS as a form of participation in implementing the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2021 concerning Waste Management at Waste Banks both as managers and customers has occurred for more than a decade. What keeps them excited to participate in BSIS. What things encourage the people of Surabaya City to participate in the implementation of waste management policies at BSIS are the focus of this

METHOD
This research is a qualitative research, which uses an interpretive social science approach. In this study the researchers tried to get along with the people being observed and work together to create a shared understanding. The research location is located at BSIS on Jalan Ngagel Timur No.26, RT.09/RW.06 Pucang Sewu, Gubeng District, Surabaya City, East Java 60283. The data collection was obtained through literature study, observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with the Informants were selected using a purposive technique which consisted of BSIS managers, BSIS customers from households, and representatives of the City of Surabaya DLH. For the technique of checking the validity of the data, triangulation of sources is used. Whereas.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The problem of illegal waste must be addressed first if the goal is to achieve SDGs by 2030. Illegal waste in the city of Surabaya has been resolved thanks to the participation of the community in managing waste. The participation of the Surabaya City community in managing waste has been carried out by collecting and sorting the waste. In 2005, through the Surabaya Green and Clean (SGC) Program, the government invited its citizens to participate in creating cleanliness in the city of Surabaya. SGC is an initiation program by the Surabaya City Government together with Jawa Pos as well as the Unilever Indonesia Foundation to improve the environment in which to do so by means of outreach, providing education, and giving awards to the community.
The participation of the Surabaya City community in managing waste has become even more massive after the concept of a waste bank was introduced by Bambang Suwerda in 2008 and then the government through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry made the waste bank a central government program until now. Through the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2012 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Through Waste Banks which was later revised by Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2021 concerning Waste Management in Waste Banks, central government stated its support for the waste bank as a solution to addressing the waste problem in Indonesia.
The Surabaya City Government also stated that the waste bank is one of the solutions to overcome the waste problem as evidenced by the Regional Regulation of the City of Surabaya Number 1 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Regional Regulation of the City of Surabaya Number 5 of 2014 concerning Waste Management and Cleanliness in the City of Surabaya. In the city of Surabaya itself there is a main waste bank called BSIS which was established as a form of community participation in managing waste and is still surviving today after being established in 2010.
Community participation that occurs in BSIS is something that does not come by itself. Antun Mardiyanta (2013) mentions six prerequisites for community participation which include government commitment, easy access to information and public documents, the existence of a legal framework to encourage the institutionalization of citizen participation, traditions of community organizations, financial resources at the regional level, and participatory skills. Community participation in BSIS is a form of community participation in managing waste which is carried out in waste banks where this is in accordance with Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2021. As was the opinion of Huntington and J. Nelson in Abidin (2016) said that the community will oppose policies that are deemed inappropriate and vice versa will provide support for policies that are considered appropriate and able to meet their demands. The community is willing to participate in waste management activities at the waste bank because of legal clarity, namely the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2021.
The existence of a legal framework in the form of an LHK Regulation makes the community believe that their actions do not violate the law. Community participation that occurs in BSIS is a form of implementation of this government policy. They participate in managing waste which is carried out in a waste bank as stated in the regulations. In addition to the existence of a legal framework, in order to survive and arrive at a stable condition, participation from the community, both as managers and customers, and even from the government as a policy maker, is absolutely necessary. Community participation can occur if environmental conditions support. Community participation must be grown, developed, and continuously maintained. (Cheng et al., 2021;Kumar, 2002;Zakus & Lysack, 1998) in his writings states that community participation is a process and condition which always needs to be developed because it involves time or mass, resources, perception or understanding, and sincerity. He also said that community participation is a picture of the voluntary involvement of community members and the expression of the unification of ideas, insights and expertise they have. So, it can be said that community participation involves the skills of the participants. Likewise with community participation that occurred in BSIS. Those who participate in BSIS are those who have knowledge and expertise in waste management in waste banks.
In addition to participatory skills, it is undeniable that participation in BSIS is due to the promised benefits. Those who participate by depositing trash into BSIS will be rewarded with money. The community doesn't pay for the waste they throw away but instead gets money from the waste. Even for BSIS group customers, a free garbage pick-up service is available. This is in accordance with the opinion of Bryant and White in Abidin (2016) that participation can occur if the benefits received are of greater value than the costs that need to be incurred, both direct and indirect costs.
Likewise for people who are willing to become managers, also benefit from their participation in the waste bank. The presence of a waste bank can give them an opportunity to make a living. The waste bank can be used as a place for them to work. Not only the skills possessed by participants and the benefits obtained from participating, but community participation in BSIS can occur because there is a purpose to be carried out as expressed by (Atinga et al., 2019;Li et al., 2020;Mutero et al., 2022;Ufi et al., 2020a) which explains community participation means the willingness of the community to carry out each program that is adjusted to the best of his ability without having to give up his own interests.
Communities participating in BSIS are those who are also willing to implement government programs. They realize that the government program is good for their lives. They have awareness, concern, and responsibility as residents. As the opinion of (Ferreira, 2017;Rohlinger et al., 2020;Zahra et al., 2012) that community participation is a form of awareness, caring attitude, and responsibility of residents or the community in development activities for the sake of improving the quality of life of the community itself (Cheng et al., 2021;Craig & Mayo, 1995;Kumar, 2002;Manzo & Perkins, 2006;Ufi et al., 2020b;Wang & Fesenmaier, 2004;Zakus & Lysack, 1998).
Not only from the government's policy or commitment as the authority in a region and the ability of a participant himself, but from the organization it has also attracted people to join (Akhrif et al., 2020;Berejena Mhongera & Lombard, 2020;Rhodes & Powers, 2021;Yadav et al., 2022). BSIS's mission to realize responsible waste management and provide benefits to the surrounding community is able to attract people to participate. Plus the convenience provided to the public in order to obtain information about waste sorting and the concept of a waste bank which is available through pamphlets, brochures, e-mails, WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, and BSIS public relations has helped convince the public to participate in BSIS.
Community participation that occurs in BSIS is something that does not just happen. Community participation in the implementation of waste management policies at waste banks realized through BSIS can be realized because it fulfills the prerequisites for participation such as the existence of a legal framework, as a source of income, participatory skills, government commitment, social organization traditions, and easy access to information.

CONCLUSIONS
Community participation is a matter that can occur if the prerequisites for participation are met. Likewise with community participation that occurred in BSIS. Communities participating in waste management at BSIS are those who have the intention to run government programs and have participative skills. In addition, in finding the information needed by the community, they do not experience difficulties because media such as pamphlets, brochures, e-mail, WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, and BSIS public relations are available. The community also knows that activities at BSIS are activities that have a legal basis. In other words, do not violate the law in Indonesia. The BSIS tradition of protecting the environment by carrying out waste management in a responsible and beneficial way for the community is also able to attract people to join BSIS. Then the economic benefits obtained both as customers and managers also make the community participate in BSIS.
BSIS is an organization and business unit that carries out waste management activities in which many people with low educational backgrounds are involved, especially in the production team. Those in the production team should also be given counseling and training. The production team is also the spearhead of BSIS. They also deal directly with customers and the community where they indirectly help educate the rest of the community. By providing training and counseling related to waste management activities, it is hoped that their awareness and expertise will also increase which they can then distribute to their families and communities around them. So, those who initially only have the goal of working will also have concern for the environment like the mission of BSIS itself.