Evaluation of the Implementation of the Principles of Law Enforcement, Transparency, and Accountability in the Implementation of Regional Head Elections During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the South Coast

The purpose of this study is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the application of the principles of the rule of law, transparency, and accountability in the implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan Pilkada and to analyze the challenges and opportunities of applying the principle of the rule of law. law, transparency, and accountability in the implementation of the 2015 South Coastal Pilkada. 2020. D In supporting the implementation of the Pilkada with legal certainty, the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU has determined 15 decisions, including: technical instructions for stages and programs; determination of voting day and date, technical instructions for nomination procedures; determination of nomination requirements, technical instructions for the implementation of socialization, technical instructions for working procedures for the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU, standards and technical guidelines for preparing budget needs, goods and services needs, and honorariums; technical guidelines for the distribution and accountability of the budget; technical instructions for stages, programs and implementation schedules, technical instructions for the formation of PPK, PPS, and KPPS, technical instructions for updating voter lists, technical instructions for campaign implementation, technical instructions for the need and technical specifications for the prevention and handling of Covid-19 controlling protocol equipment in the implementation of elections. In addition, implementing health governance in collaboration with the Pesisir Selatan Regency Covid-19 Task Force Team. The political party that carries the pair of candidates and their campaign team, the Regency Bawaslu, and the Republic of Indonesia Police (POLRI) of the Pesisir Selatan Regency, known as the Pesisir Selatan Police.

In the implementation of general elections, the General Election of Regional Heads (Pemilukada) is the most important position in the administration of the government of a region that has the highest authority for the creation of good governance. The regional head general election system directly came into effect since Law Number 32 of 2004 was passed but the provisions could only be implemented in 2005. Then Law Number 32 of 2004 was replaced with Law Number 9 of 2015 concerning the Second Amendment Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government.
After the Law on Regional Government is enacted, the regions carry out a regional head election activity which is regulated in Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 1 of 2015 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 Concerning the Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors into Law. Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 2015 explains that the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors, hereinafter referred to as Elections, is the implementation of people's sovereignty in Provinces and Regencies/Cities to elect Governors, Regents, and Mayors directly and democratically.
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2011 concerning General Election Organizers, what is meant by elections is a means of implementing people's sovereignty which is carried out directly, publicly, freely, confidentially, honestly and fairly in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution. The Republic of Indonesia in 1945. And the institution that administers the General Election is the General Election Commission (KPU). In the process of selecting regional heads, KPU has the highest rights and authority in organizing regional head elections in accordance with General Election Commission Regulation Number 13 of 2010 concerning Technical Guidelines for the Nomination of Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads.
Research (Ruslihardi et al., 2021;Sarnawa, 2018;Sompa, 2021;Suwitri et al., 2019) regarding the Neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus. The issue of ASN neutrality in the 2020 Pilkada received enormous public attention through growing media coverage. This statement is also supported by research conducted by Big Data Analystics which states that the issue of ASN neutrality in the elections has produced at least 8,662 online articles through 189 media portals from April to November 2020. The General Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) stated that the number of cases ASN neutrality during the Pilkada reached 917 violations, dominated by ASN involvement in social media campaigns and the presence of political party socialization (Akib et al., 2019;Suprapto et al., 2018) .
Anticipating fraud and vulnerability in regional head elections in this study, it was found that the tendency of incumbent candidates was not neutral (Marsallindo & Safitri, 2021;Thawnghmung, 2016;Von Soest & Wahman, 2015) in utilizing their power in influencing voters who have influence. strong against bureaucracy. Where the data in the field shows that the city of Bandar Lampung has problems in the context of free and fair election organizers , 31.6 respondents answered that election supervision, especially during the campaign and before the D day, the voters experienced many violations, for example the case of ASN involvement, pressure by one of the candidates. to the voting public and even the issue of the involvement of companies that supply a number of funds for the money politics budget. The implementation of regional head elections in the South Coast is also experiencing problems, namely the Election Organizing Honorary Council (DKPP) assessing irregularities in implementing the stages of the elections held by the General Elections Commission (KPU), that the implementation of regional head elections in the South Coast is legally flawed (Jakarta, Humas MKRI) . This happened because Rusma Yul Anwar's candidacy as Regent of Pesisir Selatan was claimed to be invalid because Rusma Yul Anwar was a convict in the case of mangrove destruction in the Mandeh Area, Tarusan District. However, Rusma Yul Anwar's candidacy was determined to be number two and was passed by the KPU. Therefore, the Election Organizing Honorary Council ( The defendants admitted that Rusma Yul Anwar was facing a legal case when registering as a candidate for the Pesisir Selatan Regent in the 2020 Pilkada. In this case, transparency and accountability regarding candidacy are still being covered up and there is a lack of information disclosure from the KPU as the organizer of the regional head election in Pesisir Selatan.
Based on the problems described above, the author was attracted to carry out research with the theme "Evaluating the Implementation of Law Enforcement Principles, Transparency, and Accountability in the Implementation of Regional Head Elections and Realizing Elections with Integrity During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in the South Coast.

METHOD
This research basically uses a qualitative approach (Crabtree & Miller, 2022;Hennink et al., 2020;Pathak et al., 2013;Silverman, 2020) . This research was conducted in Pesisir Selatan Regency. The reason for choosing the location of this research is because of problems in the process of selecting regional heads. The data analysis technique in this research is using SWOT analysis. According to Rangkuti (2018: 19) SWOT analysis is the systematic identification of various factors to formulate company strategy. This analysis is based on logic that can maximize strengths and opportunities, but at the same time minimize weaknesses and threats.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Implementing the Principles of Rule of Law, Transparency, and Accountability in the Implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan Pilkada
The principle of law enforcement implies the guarantee of legal certainty, benefits and justice covering all normative rules for every public policy. Law in a broad sense includes all normative rules that regulate and guide behavior in social and state life, supported by a certain system of sanctions against any deviation. Forms of normative rules such as growing alone in the association of social and state life or deliberately made according to the procedures specified in the system of power organization in the society concerned. Based on the findings in the research of researchers at the Pesisir Selatan KPU in the implementation of the 2020 regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic, they have carried out the stages of regional head elections in accordance with established regulations. The starting point for the 2020 regional elections during the pandemic is referring to General Election Commission (PKPU) Regulations Number 6, Number 10 and Number 13 concerning the Implementation of the Election of Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Governors. Mayor Simultaneously Continues in Non-Natural Disaster Conditions Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). The first obstacle found was the postponement of the regional head election from September to December. 1 of 2015 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors, in fact, there is a mechanism that can be carried out if there are conditions that force or allow the stage of the regional head election to be postponed.
Furthermore, the stages carried out by the KPU with the obstacles that occurred during the pandemic have been carried out optimally, the other is Enforcement with law enforcement in accordance with the regulations for the main purpose of holding elections in the South Coast, such as the case that hit the KPU which was reported to the Constitutional Court regarding Disputes over Voter Results. (PHP). Furthermore, the findings by Bawaslu of Pesisir Selatan Regency that the synergy between KPU and Bawaslu will determine the outcome of the regional head election. Bawaslu carries out its duties in supervising the implementation of regional head elections to maintain the stability of regional head elections so that there is no fraud and election violations. In carrying out its duties, Bawaslu only receives reports from reporters regarding several violations related to the implementation of the regional election , but Bawaslu has never found any findings of violations.
Based on the author's research and the research results of David Greacy and Ni Made Darmakanti (2020) it can be concluded that the implementation and implementation of regional head elections in Pesisir Selatan has been carried out in accordance with applicable regulations and law enforcement related to the stages of regional head elections has been optimal. The strengths in implementing the Rule of Law, Transparency, and Accountability Principles in the Implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan Pilkada are as follows: a . Information Disclosure (Bertot et al., 2010) explains that transparency is built on the basis of the flow of information disclosure. Information disclosure is information, statements, ideas, and signs that contain values, meanings and messages, both data, facts and explanations that can be seen, heard, and read which are presented in various packages and formats in accordance with the development of information and communication technology electronically. and non-electronic. In Law Number 14 Year.
Based on the findings in research at the Pesisir Selatan KPU, information disclosure is very important in an activity, especially in the implementation of the 2020 regional head election during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has many obstacles and restrictions on the implementation of the election. Therefore, the KPU made the implementation and implementation of the regional elections with the regulation of regional election restrictions for better election results. With the KPU's official website, all information about the stages of the 2020 regional elections is distributed. Based on the results of the author's research and Putra's research (2018), then tested with Rondinelli's theory (1983) it can be concluded that information disclosure in the 2020 regional head elections in the South Coast during the COVID-19 pandemic has been very transparent. So that any events that occur in the 2020 elections will be known by the public more quickly.

b. Website or Publication Media
By having a website, the General Election Commission and the Election Supervisory Body will easily update the latest information. Such as schedule of activities, reporting of candidate pairs' campaign funds , the latest news and so on. With the existence of a website , the public or stakeholders can find out the latest information developments from the KPU and Bawaslu even though they are far away.
Based on the findings in the research at the Pesisir Selatan KPU that in disseminating information about the implementation of regional head elections in the Pesisir Selatan, it is optimal. Because the KPU has an official website to disseminate information about the stages of implementing the 2020 regional head elections in the South Coast. Because the 2020 elections are very much in the way, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. And the KPU uploads each candidate pair's report related to their activities on the KPU's official website and on the KPU's announcement board for the Coastal South. The results of the research findings in the South Coastal Elections Supervisory Body that Bawaslu also has an official website to disseminate information related to violations and prosecution in the regional elections in the South Coast.
According to the Humanitariam Forum Indonesia (HFI) to implement the principle of transparency, organizations must have a website or publication media that aims to upload any latest information, so that the public or stakeholders can find out the latest information developments. Based on the results of the author's research and then tested with the theory presented by the Humanitariam Forum Indonesia (HFI) it can be concluded that information disclosure has been realized about the implementation of regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic through the KPU and Bawaslu websites.
The weaknesses of the Implementation of the Rule of Law, Transparency, and Accountability Principles in the Implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan Pilkada are as follows:

Honesty
Honesty is the attitude or nature of someone who states something really and as it is, not added or subtracted. This honest nature must be possessed by every human being, because these traits and attitudes are the basic principles of a person's moral reflection. Based on the research findings at the South Coast KPU, the implementation and implementation of regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic caused many pros and cons. Therefore, with the regulation, the KPU can set policies with these regulations . So that the accountability of the KPU can be accepted by the public with maximum results. And based on the research findings at the South Coastal Election Supervisory Agency, all responsibilities of the candidate pairs regarding activity and financial reporting are accepted with what is reported. Bawaslu continues to see reporting in accordance with existing rules and can be accounted for. According to the Institute  2003), accountability indicators must be honest, objective, transparent, and innovative as a catalyst for change in the management of government agencies in the form of updating methods and techniques for measuring performance and preparing reports. accountability.
Based on the results of the research above, then tested with the theory of LAN & BPKP (2003) it can be concluded that it is not yet accountable for the implementation of regional head elections in the South Coast. Because all reports given by candidate pairs related to activities and finances are reported in accordance with applicable regulations, but some are still hidden. There are still pairs of candidates who are still not honest in making reports in accordance with their activities.

Commitment
Commitment is a condition in which a person makes an agreement, both to himself and to others, which is reflected in certain actions or behaviors that are carried out voluntarily or forced . Based on the research findings at the Pesisir Selatan KPU in the implementation of the 2020 regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic, the regulations governing were PKPU Number 6, Number 10 and Number 13 which were consistent in carrying out their duties. The KPU has carried out its duties in accordance with regulations so as to make the 2020 regional elections in the South Coast a success. Furthermore, the findings at the South Coastal Bawaslu supervision carried out by Bawaslu were in accordance with the rules. The basis for supervision used by Bawaslu is Perbawaslu Number 8 of 2020 concerning handling violations of regional head elections. Accountability can be measured by honesty and legal accountability. Honesty and legal accountability are honest behavior in work and comply with applicable legal provisions. Legal accountability relates to compliance with other laws and regulations required in running the organization, while honesty accountability relates to avoiding abuse of office, corruption and collusion.

Not Providing Activity and Financial Reports
An activity report is a report on the results of certain activities, which will usually be made after the activity is completed. During the Pilkada during the COVID-19 pandemic, this activity report was made by the Candidate Pair. Then the financial report is a record of financial information of an activity carried out by the candidate pair.
Based on the findings in research at the Pesisir Selatan KPU that all activity and financial reports are hampered by large-scale restrictions (PSBB) by government regulations. So that in practice there are pairs of candidates who do not write and report all activities or all activities during the campaign period. As well as the findings in the research at the South Coastal Bawaslu that the Panwaslu is always present in every KPU activity that is regulated by the KPU to supervise so that there are no violations. For this reason, violations and reporting of regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to be due to public reports. Transparency in the administration of local government is a principle that opens itself to the right of the community to obtain correct, honest, and non-discriminatory information about the administration of local governments, especially the management of regional finances while still paying attention to the protection of personal rights, groups and state secrets. It can be concluded that the disclosure of information in the implementation of the 2020 regional head elections in Pesisir Selatan during the covid-19 pandemic has not been transparent so that whatever events occur in the 2020 elections many are not known to the public because there are pairs of candidates who do not write and report all activities or activities. all activities during the campaign period.

Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing the Rule of Law, Transparency, and Accountability Principles in the Implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan District Election
The principle of law enforcement implies the guarantee of legal certainty, benefits and justice covering all normative rules for every public policy. Law in a broad sense includes all normative rules that regulate and guide behavior in social and state life, supported by a certain system of sanctions against any deviation. Forms of normative rules such as growing alone in the association of social and state life or deliberately made according to the procedures specified in the organizational system of power in the society concerned.
Based on the findings in the research of researchers at the Pesisir Selatan KPU in the implementation of the 2020 regional head elections during the COVID-19 pandemic, they have carried out the stages of regional head elections in accordance with established regulations. The starting point for the 2020 regional elections during the pandemic is referring to General Election Commission (PKPU) Regulations Number 6, Number 10 and Number 13 concerning the Implementation of the Election of Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Governors. Mayor Simultaneously Continues in Non-Natural Disaster Conditions Corona Virus Disease . The first obstacle found was the postponement of the regional head election from September to December. 1 of 2015 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors, in fact, there is a mechanism that can be carried out if there are conditions that force or allow the stage of the regional head election to be postponed.
Furthermore, the stages carried out by the KPU with the obstacles that occurred during the pandemic have been carried out optimally, the other is Enforcement with law enforcement in accordance with the regulations for the main purpose of holding elections in the South Coast, such as the case that hit the KPU which was reported to the Constitutional Court regarding Disputes over Voter Results. (PHP). Furthermore, the findings by Bawaslu of Pesisir Selatan Regency that the synergy between KPU and Bawaslu will determine the outcome of the regional head election. Bawaslu carries out its duties in supervising the implementation of regional head elections to maintain the stability of regional head elections so that there is no fraud and election violations. In carrying out its duties, Bawaslu only receives reports from reporters regarding several violations related to the implementation of the regional election , but Bawaslu has never found any findings of violations.
The challenges that affect the evaluation of the Implementation of the Transparency Principle in the Implementation of Regional Head Elections During the Covid-19 Pandemic include the following:

a . HR Competence
Based on the findings in the research at the Pesisir Selatan KPU that in the implementation

Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Administrasi Publik
Volume 12 Number 2, July-December 2022. Page 285-296 of the regional head election the Liaison Officer (LO) as an extension of the organization's success in winning the candidate pair is still less effective. Because in the delivery of information there is still something that is covered and hidden. Furthermore, the findings in the research at the South Coastal Election Supervisory Agency. Due to limited space to find information related to the implementation of the regional head election, it is hampered by large-scale restrictions (PSBB).

b . Monitoring and Monitoring System
Based on the findings of interviews with research informants at the South Coastal Bawaslu that the supervisory and monitoring system of the Panwaslu in the implementation of regional head elections during the pandemic, each pair of candidates still violates health protocols and rules that prohibit crowds in campaigns. each pair of candidates carry out activities in a secret way

c. Honesty
Based on the findings with research informants of the South Coastal Commission and South Coastal Elections Supervisory Agency that there is no accountability and honesty by candidate pairs in complying with the regulations made by the KPU in holding elections. As well as limiting the crowd, the number of campaigns resulted in many violations being carried out clandestinely.

d. Commitment
Based on the findings with research informants of the South Coastal Commission and South Coastal Elections Supervisory Agency that the commitment to accountability for regional head elections in the South Coast is still very unaccountable. Lack of professionalism to the absence of clear sanctions given by the election supervisor. The opportunities that affect the evaluation of the Implementation of the Accountability Principle in the Implementation of Regional Head Elections During the Covid-19 Pandemic include the following : a . Carrying out Operational Governance In supporting the governance of Pilkada with legal certainty, the KPU of Pesisir Selatan Regency has made 15 decisions, including: technical guidelines for stages and programs; determination of voting day and date, technical guidelines for nomination procedures; determination of nomination requirements, technical guidelines for the implementation of socialization, technical guidelines for working procedures for the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU, technical standards and guidelines for the preparation of budget requirements, goods and services needs, and honorariums; technical guidelines for the distribution and accountability of the budget; technical guidelines for stages, programs and schedules for implementation, technical guidelines for the formation of PPK, PPS, and KPPS, technical guidelines for updating voter lists; technical guidelines for campaign implementation, technical instructions for needs and technical specifications for Covid-19 prevention and control protocols in the implementation of elections (Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU document, 2020). The professionalism of the Pilkada organizers, especially the Adhock organizers, is obtained through a strict recruitment process. The series of exams that are passed for the adhock committee candidates are: a written exam on election governance, an interview exam that includes work experience, electoral knowledge, technical voting and vote counting, technical vote recapitulation, and the integrity of election organizers. The impact of this selection policy method is the birth of competent and integrity election organizers. This can be seen from the absence of public problems that arose around the work of the adhock organizing body compared to the previous election. The process of organizing regional head elections is designed for eight months, namely from May to December 2020. The amount of the budget determined through the regional grant agreement text to the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU is Rp . 28,000,000,000 . The budget is to finance the stages of preparation, implementation, and completion. Through this amount, the governance of the implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan Regency Head Election does not experience financing difficulties.

b . Doing Health Governance
In the implementation of health protocol governance, the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU collaborated with the Pesisir Selatan Regency Covid-19 Task Force Team. Political parties, carrying pairs of candidates and their campaign teams , Regency Bawaslu, and the Republic of Indonesia Police (POLRI) of Pesisir Selatan Regency, known as Pesisir Selatan Regency Police. The forms of the Pilkada health protocol enforcement program during the Covid-19 pandemic implemented by the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU are as follows: 1. Use of personal protective equipment for all levels of organizers in providing electoral services through the provision of health facilities and personal protective equipment. 2. Rapid tests and swabs to the ranks of the organizers and all employees within the ranks of the organizers. 3. Dissemination of voting procedures with health protocols for the community and the ranks of the organizers of the Regional Head Election . 4. Tightening of health protocols in stages that are in direct contact with election participants, such as registration of prospective pairs of candidates at the Pesisir Selatan Regency KPU, drawing of serial numbers; and campaign. Even campaigns conducted by candidate pairs and campaign teams are not allowed to hold public meetings and other activities that cause crowds. 5. Voting services at polling stations are carried out with strict health protocols, such as scheduling voters to come to polling stations so that there are no crowds, personal protective equipment (PPE) for KPPS officers, supervisors, and witnesses, use of masks and hand washing for voters, temperature measurement the voter body before entering the four polls (TPS), the use of gloves and the provision of hand washing for voters, and a reduction in the number of voter allocations in each polling station. The entire process was supervised by the TPS Oversight Committee, members of the Resort Police, and TPS security officers.
The implementation of Pilkada governance based on the COVID-19 health protocol is supported by the functioning of the structures involved in organizing the Pilkada which are carried out collaboratively.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research discussion above, the researchers can draw conclusions in this study,

Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Administrasi Publik
Volume 12 Number 2, July-December 2022. Page 285-296 among others, as follows: The strengths and weaknesses of implementing the principles of the rule of law, transparency, and accountability in the implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan election . First, having information disclosure in the implementation of regional head elections that the election organizers and supervisors have used their rights and obligations to provide information related to the 2020 regional elections where the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred. The accuracy of the information provided by the supervisory and implementing agencies is optimal and easily accessible to the public as well as transparent in providing factual information. (b) Second, having a website or publication media where in providing information to the public regarding the stages of implementation can be accessed on the official website of the KPU and Bawaslu regarding the implementation and implementation of the 2020 Pilkada. So that the public knows the whole process until the final results in the regional head election.
The weaknesses of implementing the principles of rule of law, transparency, and accountability in the implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan elections are as follows: (a) Honesty, which is not yet accountable in the implementation of regional head elections in Pesisir Selatan. Because all reports given by candidate pairs related to activities and finances are reported in accordance with applicable regulations, but some are still hidden. There are still pairs of candidates who are still not honest in making reports in accordance with their activities. (b) Commitment, where in the implementation and supervision carried out by KPU and Bawaslu, they have carried out their duties according to regulations and are committed to creating clean and fair elections. However, in its application there is still a lack of reciprocity for a more cooperative candidate pair. (c) Not providing activity or financial reports, information disclosure in the implementation of the 2020 regional head elections in Pesisir Selatan during the covid-19 pandemic has not been transparent so that whatever events occur in the 2020 elections many are not known to the public because there are pairs of candidates who not write and report all activities or all activities during the campaign period.
Challenges and opportunities for implementing the principles of the rule of law, transparency, and accountability in the implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan Pilkada . As for the challenges of implementing the principles of rule of law, transparency, and accountability in the implementation of the 2020 Pesisir Selatan elections, among others, are as follows: (a) Human Resources (HR), where the competent factor of HR in the implementation of regional head elections in the south coast is the openness of candidate pairs in participating in the pilkada stages as well as the professionalism of the organizers and supervision by related institutions. However, the accuracy and truth of the information can be manipulated, (b) the Supervision and Monitoring System, where the supervisory and monitoring system from the Panwaslu in the implementation of regional head elections during a pandemic, each pair of candidates still commits violations related to health protocols and rules that prohibit the existence of crowds in campaigns where each pair of candidates carries out activities in a clandestine manner, (c) Honesty, lack of accountability and honesty by candidate pairs in complying with the regulations made by the KPU in holding elections. As well as limiting the crowd, the number of campaigns resulted in many violations being carried out clandestinely. (d) Commitment, in the commitment to accountability for regional head elections in Pesisir Selatan is still very unaccountable. Lack of professionalism to the absence of clear sanctions given by the election supervisor .