Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences

SUBMITINFORMATION
EnglishTürkçe

Research Article


DOI :10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003   IUP :10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003    Full Text (PDF)

The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study

Esra Bozkanat, Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi

Today, considering the significant developments in the context of new communication technologies, the impact of these tools in technological, economic, social, and political terms is being studied by interdisciplinary departments. In particular, the new media field, which is in continuous movement due to the digitalization process through the internet and computer technologies, comes to the forefront. The present study aims to identify issues that could be prominent in the future of new media studies by collecting data from experts in the field and open those issues for discussion. The Delphi technique, which is based on receiving controlled feedback from a specific group of experts and through a series of surveys, was used as the research method. As a result of the research, the topics of usage and protection of personal data, social media data analytics, cybersecurity, search engine optimization, and digital political communication will be prominent in the future of new media studies. All of these topics are related to big data and the problems that arise in its use, so the future of new media studies is discussed in light of this concept.

Keywords: New media, big data, big data analytics, personal privacy, Delphi analysis
DOI :10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003   IUP :10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003    Full Text (PDF)

Yeni Medya Çalışmalarının Geleceği ve Büyük Veri Kaynaklı Riskler: Bir Delfi Çalışması

Esra Bozkanat, Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi

Yeni iletişim teknolojileri bağlamında kayda değer gelişmelerin yaşandığı günümüzde, bu araçların teknolojik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve politik anlamda yarattıkları etki birçok disiplinden araştırmacı tarafından incelenmektedir. Özellikle internet, bilgisayar teknolojileri ile dijitalleşmeye bağlı olarak gelişen ve sürekli bir devinim halinde olan yeni medya alanı da bu bağlamda öne çıkmaktadır. Yeni medyanın öncelikli olarak kitle iletişimini ve kişilerarası iletişimi büyük bir dönüşüme uğrattığı düşünüldüğünde, bu alan çerçevesindeki gelecek çalışma ve eğilimlerin tespit edilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. İşte bu çerçevede mevcut çalışmanın amacı yeni medya alanının/çalışmalarının geleceğinde öne çıkması muhtemel konuları alanın uzmanlarından veri toplayarak tespit etmek ve bunları tartışmaya açmaktır. Araştırmada yöntem olarak, belirli bir uzman grubundan ve bir dizi anket yoluyla kontrollü geri bildirim almaya dayanan Delfi metodu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yeni medyanın geleceğinde “kişisel verilerin kullanılması/korunması,” “sosyal medya veri analitiği,” “siber güvenlik,” “çevrimiçi arama motoru optimizasyonu,” ve “dijital siyasal iletişim” başlıklarının ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Tüm bu başlıkların büyük veri ve bu verinin kullanılması çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan sorunlarla ilintili olmasına bağlı olarak, yeni medyanın geleceği büyük veri kavramı ışığında tartışmaya açılmıştır.

Keywords: Yeni medya, büyük veri, büyük veri analitiği, kişisel mahremiyet, Delfi analizi

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


New media has emerged as a frequently used framework in the 21st century to exhibit the new communication environment and all interactions between technology, image, and sound. In particular, the new media field, which is in continuous movement due to the digitalization process through the internet and computer technologies became prominent. Most generally, new media is defined as forms that are computational and rely on computers for redistribution. In parallel with rapid changes in communication technologies, the definition of the new media field is constantly expanding and becoming interdisciplinary. Considering that the new media have primarily transformed mass communication and interpersonal communication, it is important to identify future work and trends in this area. On the one hand, the presence of national and international companies in the digital sector increases, while on the other hand, multi-disciplinary academic studies are carried out on new media technologies. Also, the use of big data for both commercial and political purposes is widely discussed. In this shifting, rapidly changing and fluid digital world, it is very valuable and also difficult to make predictions about the future of new media studies.

In this context, the present study aims to identify issues that could be prominent in the future of new media studies by collecting data from experts in the field and to open those issues for discussion. First of all, the concept of new media and its historical background will be briefly discussed and various studies from literature about the future of new media will be reviewed. After that, the findings obtained by the Delphi method, which is based on the collection of expert opinions through certain stages and surveys, are analyzed and discussed. The Delphi method is a forecasting process based on the results of multiple rounds of a survey sent to a group of experts. Since multiple sets/rounds of questions are asked and the experts are informed what the group thinks as a whole, the Delphi method seeks to reach an accurate response through consensus. As a result of the research, the topics of usage and protection of personal data, social media data analytics, cybersecurity, search engine optimization, and digital political communication will become prominent in the future of new media studies. As all of these topics are related to big data and problems that arise in its use, the future of new media studies is discussed in light of the big data concept.

In the discussion, economic, social, and political consequences of the misuse of personal information and big data are presented. According to Zuboff (2019), surveillance capitalism unilaterally claims human experience as free raw material for translation into behavioral data. Large tech companies use the data they collect from the internet and social media for marketing, advertising, and commercial gain. Also, the use of big data in combination with micro-targeting can be utilized to gain political advantage, especially during election and referendum periods. On the other hand, the protection of personal data, taking cybersecurity measures and increasing new media literacy levels against the above-mentioned threats play a decisive role in the future of new media. New media applications and technological advances, which have the potential to affect daily life, politics, and social relations, also bring some risks to individuals and societies. In this sense, it is important to be aware of the risks associated with the new communication technologies and big data, to ensure security in cyberspace, to protect personal privacy and to limit technology companies concerning the misuse of online personal data.


PDF View

References

  • Ahmad, W. A. Z. W., Mukhtar, M., & Yahya, Y. (2019, July). Classification of Social Content Management Strategy using Delphi Study. Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI) 380-383. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEI47359.2019.8988822. google scholar
  • Alam, M. (2019, December 12). Data for public good [Weblog post]. Retrieved from https://towardsdatascience. com/data-for-public-good-1414cbc99335 google scholar
  • Andrejevic, M. (2007). Surveillance in the digital enclosure. The Communication Review, 10(4), 295-317. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10714420701715365 google scholar
  • Aydemir, B., & Şenerol, H. (2014). İklim değişikliği ve Türkiye turizmine etkileri: Delfi anket yöntemiyle yapılan bir uygulama çalışması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(31), 381-416. google scholar
  • Balcı, A. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma, Yöntem, Teknik ve İlkeler. Ankara, Turkey: Pegem Akademi. google scholar
  • Bertino E., & Ferrari, E. (2018). Big data security and privacy. In S. Flesca, S. Greco, E. Masciari, & D. Saccà (Eds.), A Comprehensive Guide Through the Italian Database Research Over the Last 25 Years (pp. 425-439). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. google scholar
  • Bozgeyikli, H., & Amil, O. (2016). Türkiye’de endüstri ve örgüt psikolojisinin geleceği: Delfi analizi çalışması. İş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources, 18(2). 1-16. google scholar
  • Cadwalladr, C., & Graham-Harrison, E. (2018). The Cambridge analytica files. The Guardian, 21(2), 6-7. google scholar
  • Carley, K. M., Cervone, G., Agarwal, N., & Liu, H. (2018) Social cyber-security. In R. Thomson, C. Dancy, A. Hyder, & H. Bisgin (Eds.), Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling (pp. 389-394). google scholar
  • Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Caspi, D. (1993) Mass Communications (vol. 1, in Hebrew). Ramat-Aviv, Israel: Open University. google scholar
  • Castells, M. (2000). Toward a sociology of the network society. Contemporary sociology, 29(5), 693-698. https:// doi. org/10.2307/2655234. google scholar
  • Chang, L. Y., Zhong, L. Y., & Grabosky, P. N. (2018). Citizen co-production of cyber security: Self-help, vigilantes, and cybercrime. Regulation & Governance, 12(1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12125 google scholar
  • Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi metod to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467. google scholar
  • Demirtaş, B., & Argan, M. (2015). Büyük veri ve pazarlamadaki dönüşüm: Kuramsal bir yaklaşım. Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi. 15(1), 1-21. google scholar
  • Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S. K., Kouame, D., Watson, J., & Seymour, T. (2011). The history of social media and its impact on business. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 16(3), 79-91. google scholar
  • Einstein, M. (2018). Dijital Reklamın Gizli Dünyası (D. Tanla, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: The Kitap-İletişim/Medya. google scholar
  • Erdem, B. K. (2011). Radikal demokrasi kuramı bağlamında yeni medyanın geleceği: ‘Wikileaks örneği.’ İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi|, 5(40), 5-24. google scholar
  • Esfahani, H., Tavasoli, K., & Jabbarzadeh, A. (2019). Big data and social media: A scientometrics analysis. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 3(3), 145-164. https://doi.org/10.5267/j. ijdns.2019.2.007 google scholar
  • Feenberg, A. (2002). Transforming technology: A critical theory revisited. UK: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pubrev.2010.11.001 google scholar
  • Helbing, D., Frey, B. S., Gigerenzer, G., Hafen, E., Hagner, M., Hofstetter, Y., & Zwitter, A. (2019). Will democracy survive big data and artificial intelligence? In D. Helbing (Ed.), Towards Digital Enlightenment Essays on the Dark and Light Sides of the Digital Revolution (pp. 73-98). Cham: Springer, google scholar
  • Hendler, J. (2009). Web 3.0 emerging. Computer, 42(1), 111-113. https://doi. org/10.1109/MC.2009.30 google scholar
  • Hunsinger, J. (2020). Degree programs in internet studies or internet research. In J. Hunsinger, M. Allen, & L. Klastrup (Eds.), Second International Handbook of Internet Research (pp. 1-22). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. google scholar
  • Isaak, J., & Hanna, M. J. (2018). User data privacy: Facebook, Cambridge Analytica, and privacy protection. Computer, 51(8), 56-59. https://doi. org/10.1109/MC.2018.3191268 google scholar
  • Işıklı, Ş. (2014). Büyük veri, epistemoloji ve etik tartışmalar. AJIT-e: Bilişim Teknolojileri Online Dergisi, 5(17), 89-122. google scholar
  • Kalsın, B. (2016). Geçmişten geleceğe internet gazeteciliği: Türkiye örneği. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5(42), 75-94. google scholar
  • Kent, M. L., & Saffer, A. J. (2014). A Delphi study of the future of new technology research in public relations. Public Relations Review, 40(3), 568-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.02.008 google scholar
  • Khamis, S., Ang, L., & Welling, R. (2017). Self-branding,‘micro-celebrity’and the rise of Social Media Influencers. Celebrity Studies, 8(2), 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292 google scholar
  • Kılınç, B., & Kılınç, E. P. (2014). Yeni medya ortamında çocuk birey: Yeni iletişim teknolojileri ve medya pedagojisinin önemi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 9-23. google scholar
  • Korenich, L., Lascu, D, Manrai, L., & Manrai, A. (2013). Social media: Past, present and future. In L. Moutinho, E. Bigné , & A. K. Manrai (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to the Future of Marketing (pp. 234-249). Oxon, UK: Routledge. google scholar
  • Kreibich, R., Oertel, B., & Wolk, M. (2011). Futures studies and future-oriented technology analysis principles, metodology and research questions. HIIG Discussion Paper Series No. 2012-05, 1-45. http://dx.doi. org/10.2139/ssrn.2094215 google scholar
  • Kreiss, D., & McGregor, S. C. (2018). Technology firms shape political communication: The work of Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, and Google with campaigns during the 2016 US presidential cycle. Political Communication, 35(2), 155-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1364814 google scholar
  • KVKK Kanun Metni. (2016). Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ MevzuatMetin/1.5.6698.pdf google scholar
  • Lehman-Wilzig, S., & Cohen-Avigdor, N. (2004). The natural life cycle of new media evolution: Inter-media struggle for survival in the internet age. New Media & Society, 6(6), 707-730. https://doi. org/10.1177/146144804042524 google scholar
  • Leiner, B. M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Kahn, R. E., Kleinrock, L., Lynch, D. C., Pastel, J., Roberts, L. G., & Wolff, S. (2000). Brief History of the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/briefhistory-internet/ google scholar
  • Lister, M., Giddings, S., Dovey, J., Grant, I., & Kelly, K. (2008). New Media: A Critical Introduction. New York, USA: Routledge. google scholar
  • Livingstone, S. (2004). Media literacy and the challenge of new information and communication technologies. The Communication Review, 7(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714420490280152 google scholar
  • Lyon, D. (2010). Surveillance, power and everyday life. In P. Kalantzis-Cope, & K. Gherab-Martín (Eds.), Emerging Digital Spaces in Contemporary Society (pp. 107-120). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi. org/10.1057/9780230299047_18 google scholar
  • Manovich, L. (2001). The Language of New Media. London, UK: MIT Press. google scholar
  • Manovich, L. (2003). New media from Borges to HTML. The New Media Reader, 1(2), 13-25. google scholar
  • Mikhailova, V. M., Kuznetsova, O. A., & Petrova, A. V. (2019). Application of the “Delfı” method as a forecasting tool in market development. International Research Journal, 3(81), 106-110. https://doi.org/10.23670/ IRJ.2019.81.3.019 google scholar
  • Mortazavi M., & Salah, K. (2015). Privacy and big data. In S. Zeadally, & M. Badra (Eds.), Privacy in a Digital, Networked World Technologies, Implications and Solutions (pp. 37-55). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. google scholar
  • Natale, S. (2016). There are no old media. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 585-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jcom.12235 google scholar
  • Naughton, J. (2000). A Brief History of the Future The Origins of the Internet. London, UK: Phoenix. google scholar
  • Neuman, W. R. (1991). The Future of the Mass Audience. London, UK: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • New Media. (2019). In Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ingilizce/new-media google scholar
  • O’Reilly, T. (2009). What Is Web 2.0. California, USA: O’Reilly Media, Inc. google scholar
  • Rad, B. B., & Akbarzadeh, N., Ataei, & P. Khakbiz , Y. (2016). Security and privacy challenges in big data era. International Journal of Control Theory and Applications, 43(9), 437-447. google scholar
  • Reddy, G. N., & Reddy, G. J. (2014). A study of cyber security challenges and its emerging trends on latest technologies. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 1-5. google scholar
  • Rowe, G., Wright, G., & Bolger, F. (1991). Delphi: a reevaluation of research and theory. Technological forecasting and social change, 39(3), 235-251. google scholar
  • Sekayi, D., & Kennedy, A. (2017). Qualitative Delphi method: A four-round process with a worked example. The Qualitative Report, 22(10), 2755-2763. google scholar
  • Shaw, A. (2015). Dialectics of affordances: Stuart Hall and the future of new media studies. Culture Digitally, 10. Retrieved from http://culturedigitally.org/2015/06/dialectics-of-affordances-stuart-hall-and-the-future-ofnew-media-studies/ google scholar
  • Siapera, E. (2017). Understanding New Media. California, USA: Sage. google scholar
  • Socha, B., & Eber-Schmid, B. (2014). What is new media. Retrieved from New Media Institute http://www. newmedia.org/what-is-new-media.html google scholar
  • Statista, (2020). Global digital population as of January 2020 (in billions). Retrieved from https://www.statista. com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/ google scholar
  • Sun, Z., Strang, K. D., & Pambel, F. (2018). Privacy and security in the big data paradigm. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1418631 google scholar
  • Szabo, L. V. (2014). The future of communication: From new media to postmedia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 163, 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.283 google scholar
  • Şahin, A. E. (2001). Eğitim araştırmalarında Delphi tekniği ve kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(20), 215-220. google scholar
  • Tene, O. (2011). Privacy: The new generations. International Data Privacy Law, 1(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/ idpl/ipq003 google scholar
  • Winston, B. (1999) Media Technology and Society. A History: from the Telegraph to the Internet. London & New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Yang, K. C., & Kang, Y. (2015). Exploring big data and privacy in strategic communication campaigns: A crosscultural study of mobile social media users’ daily experiences. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 9(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2015.1008635 google scholar
  • Zhang, D. (2018, October). Big data security and privacy protection. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Management and Computer Science (ICMCS 2018). Netherlands: Atlantis Press. google scholar
  • Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. London, UK: Profile Books. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Bozkanat, E., & Çömlekçi, M.F. (2020). The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 0(58), 37-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


AMA

Bozkanat E, Çömlekçi M F. The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2020;0(58):37-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


ABNT

Bozkanat, E.; Çömlekçi, M.F. The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 58, p. 37-64, 2020.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Bozkanat, Esra, and Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi. 2020. “The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study.” Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 0, no. 58: 37-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


Chicago: Humanities Style

Bozkanat, Esra, and Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi. “The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study.” Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 0, no. 58 (Apr. 2024): 37-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


Harvard: Australian Style

Bozkanat, E & Çömlekçi, MF 2020, 'The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study', Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, vol. 0, no. 58, pp. 37-64, viewed 26 Apr. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Bozkanat, E. and Çömlekçi, M.F. (2020) ‘The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study’, Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 0(58), pp. 37-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003 (26 Apr. 2024).


MLA

Bozkanat, Esra, and Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi. “The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study.” Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, vol. 0, no. 58, 2020, pp. 37-64. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


Vancouver

Bozkanat E, Çömlekçi MF. The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences [Internet]. 26 Apr. 2024 [cited 26 Apr. 2024];0(58):37-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003 doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003


ISNAD

Bozkanat, Esra - Çömlekçi, MehmetFatih. “The Future of New Media Studies and Big Data Related Threats: A Delphi Study”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 0/58 (Apr. 2024): 37-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0003



TIMELINE


Submitted12.01.2020
Accepted12.06.2020
Published Online30.07.2020

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.