An Analytical Study on Associated Type-II Diabetic Mellitus with ABO Rhesus Blood Groups

Ravi Kumar*1, Ravi Varma BH2, Vijayabhasker V3, Avinash Kulkarni3 1Department of SPM, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Anesthesia, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India 3Department of General Surgery, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India


INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public metabolic ailment categorized by increased levels of glucose in the blood due to defective production of insulin (Azizi et al., 2016). Type-II DM is considered to be the most major method of diabetes, accounting for about 90 percent of all cases globally (Devi and Padmini, 2015). India is the country with the largest number of diabetic people with around 32 million in 2015 and is predicted to be increased to 80 million by the year 2030 (Oner et al., 2016). Type-II DM results in failure of multiple organ systems, thus leading to morbidity and mortality, imposing a major burden on the patient and the health care team (Mandal et al., 2018). Many studies were conducted to determine an imaginable suggestion among ABO and Rh blood groups and Type-II DM and reported that there is a strong relation between Type-II DM and ABO blood groups (Ganesan and Gani, 2014). However, very little research was conducted in India and therefore, our study aims to regulate the frequency and circulation of blood groups in patients by Type-II DM inVisakhapatnam (Bener and Yousafzai, 2014).

Major objective
To investigate any association among ABO and Rhesus blood groups and Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (D.M) in the population of Visakhapatnam city visiting the trainingsite (Kamil et al., 2010).

Minor objective
To regulate & comparison the occurrence& patterns of spreading of ABO & Rh blood groups in patients with Type-2 DM (cases) and in those without Type-2 DM (Controls).

Study site
The study conducted in the Department of Endocrinology (Javed et al., 2017).

Study population
In our study, we included the out-patients identiied by Type-II diabetes mellitus who attended the department of endocrinology (Aird et al., 1953).

Study period
Training is directed for a phase of six months, i.e., since November 2018 to April 2019.

Sample size
332 cases (Type-II Diabetic patients) and 200 healthy control subjects stayed designated by the study to equivalence spreading of ABO bloodgroups (Aird et al., 1954).

Study criteria Inclusion criteria
Focus of either sex (Males & Females) diagnosed with Type-II DM(age group of 20-60years) who are attending the out-patient wards of the endocrinology department of KGH hospital were included in our study (Andersen and Lauritzen, 1960). 1. In-patients and patients with other forms of diabetes, i.e., Type-1 DM as de ined by ADA, gestational DM (Okon et al., 2008).

Exclusion criteria
2. Patients who are aged below 20yrs & elderly (>60 yrs) and patients with a history of diabetic ketoacidos is (DKA).

Study design
The present training is a prospective; hospital depended on cross-sectional case-control study.

Study approval
Prior endorsement for the training is gained by the Institutional Human Ethical Committee (IHEC) (Koley, 2008).

Study Procedure
Patient data of both the study groups (cases and controls), i.e., demographics, blood group, laboratory investigations, diagnosis of type-II DM (for cases) was obtained from patient's medical records, and by interviewing the patients and their care takers (Stern et al., 1986).     Upon physician's advice, Blood grouping was done by using Anti-Sera kit (Mediclone-B; Mediclone-A; Spanclone-Anti-D Monoclonal). Following this, blood grouping data of controls were taken from Patients who attends out patient departments of Endocrinology and KGH-Blood bank. Statistics examination is completed after data is arrived into excel sheet and double-checked forerrors (Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classi ication of Diabetes Mellitus, 2003).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 532 people was comprised into the study out of that 332 patients who met our study criteria by type-2 diabetes mellitus is included into the study as case population and 200 Non-diabetic people were included as a control population. Gender wise distribution of the overall study population has been tabularized in Table 1. Age-wise distribution of the study population has been tabulated in Table 2. Association of ABO & Rhesus blood groups in patients by Type-II diabetes mellitus in Case-control population has been tabulated in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Frequency delivery of blood groups in both cases and control groups has been tabulated in Table 5 . Prevalence of blood groups in Males; females and overall study population has been shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Results of this study indicated that Rh positive is highly frequent in diabetes in which AB blood group is less frequent while those with blood groups B & O are more frequent and blood group O and B is added likely to get diabetes and people with AB group were less likely to get diabetes. In controls, those with blood groups O & A are more frequent and those with blood group AB is less frequent in a non-diabetic population.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that in Type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients, B positive blood group is more frequent than other blood groups, where as in Non-diabetic patients (control group) O positive blood group was found to be more frequent 20 . Also, Rhesus +ve were found to be more predominant in both cases and controls (87.04% and 89%) respectively. The indings of our study recommend that ABO antigens are related by Type-II DM.Diabetes mellitus is added common in individuals by B bloodgroup and Rh-positive(B-Positive).