A Defective Sensor Persistent for Optimized Hearing Disabled Person using Hearing Aids

Jyothi Singamsetty*1, Ravikumar Raju2, Sankaralingam P3, Manoj Reddy P3 1Department of OBG, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of ENT, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India 3Department of Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India


INTRODUCTION
Hearing is the capability to identify by detecting vibration differences in the environment, through an organ like the ear. Hearing loss is one among the persistent sensory de iciency in human populations, involving more than 250 million public in the world. India alone has 63 million people (6.3%) enduring by hearing loss (Garg et al., 2009).The outcome of hearing impairment includes lack of ability to understand speech sounds, regularly producing a condensed capability to communicate, hindrance in language attainment, educational dif iculty, societal separation and stigmatization (Mathers et al., 2000). According to 2005 survey of the World Health Organization, 278 million people have hearing loss. The incidence of hearing loss in the south-eastern region of Asia assortments by 4.6% to 8.8% (Mathers et al., 2000). Keeping this in deliberation, the task of aural remedy exists. Aural rehabilitation is the process of reducing hearing loss persuaded problems in function, activity, contribution and excellence of life by a mixture of sensory rehabilitation, teaching, auditory training, and counselling (Boothroyd, 2007).
Hearing aids are electrical equipments that aid in optimizing acuity of speech or other sounds (Humes, 1999). Result measures bring been of climbing concern with audiologists, consumers, portable ampliier manufacturers, third-party payers, Also analysts alike, in spite of the fact that not in the least times to the comparable motivations (Humes et al., 2001;Weinstein, 1997;Cox and Alexander, 1999) administration suppliers have built that self-reports about handicap and handicap gatherings give important knowledge under those impact of a hindrance with respect to every day living and support preparation and implementation of a reconstructive plan that sensibly addresses the necessities of the individual with hearing loss. Additionally, self-assessed conclusion data is utilized to text the advantage of the management plan and can opinion to parts that are meeting prospects by those that require improvement (Cox and Alexander, 2001).Numerous questionnaires are intended to know the degree of grati ication on the whole. Grati ication changes with practice, usage, expectations, attitude, personality, hearing aid types, sound quality and listening environments.
The Grati ication with Intensi ication in Daily Life (SADL), a self-assessmenttest (Hickson et al., 1999). Accomplishes the need for a clinically practical tool by providing useful insight to the multidimensional aspects of grati ication. The scale has 15 items connected to prospects like usage of hearing aid and gives a global score representing total grati ication, as well as four subscales scores about grati ication in the areas of "Positive Effect", "Service and Cost", "Negative Features", and "Personal Image" (Hickson et al., 1999).Respondents are asked to point to their rank of grati ication on a scale from one (not at all) to seven (extremely) (Cox and Alexander, 2001).

1.
To assess the grati ication of governmentfunded hearing aids 2. To assess the digital quality of free hearing aids provided by the government

Participants
The study was done on patients who are providing by free overdue the ear hearing aids in a free hearing aid distribution camp under Help to Disabled persons for purchasing/ itting of aids/appliances (ADIP) scheme. It was mandatory for the patients to have Disability Certi icate (Disability of >40%), BPL card (A low-income group certi icate) and ADHAAR Card (Address and identity proof) to avail the hearing aids under the free hearing aid scheme. ALPS TURBO III CAP Hearing aid was provided during the camp. A total of 200 patients were bene ited. Under this service, including both pediatric and adult patients.
Inclusion criteria: Individuals within the age range of 20 to 70 years who are using a hearing aid for more than six months were included.
Exclusion criteria: Individuals less than 20 years of age and subjects who have not used hearing aids for more than two months were excluded from this study.

Procedure
Questionnaire Grati ication with Ampli ication in Daily Life (SADL) (Appendix 1) is utilized in this study. Questionnaire was translated into Kannada from English by professional translators and was veri ied by authors. We conducted a survey for 100 subjects by administering a questionnaire consisting of 15 items which were rated under 7-point rating scale, where A designated not at all and G designated tremendously. The questionnaire was divided into four subtests based on the type of questions Positive Effect (Items 1,3,5,6,9 and 10), Service and Cost(Items 12,14 and 15), Negative Features (2.7 and 11), and Personal Image (4, 8 and 13). Question 15 in service and cost was not considered as the hearing aid provided was free of cost. For the subtests "negative features" and "personal image", scoring was considered in a reverse mode where A indicated tremendously and G indicated not at all. Subjects were instructed to listen to the questions and options and then to rate their experience with the hearing aid. Responses were recorded and tabulated.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptive statistics were carried out to ind out the frequency of responses for each question across 100 subjects. The following igures show the percentage of responses for each question based on ratings given by the hearing aid users.

Positive Effect
The Positive Effect subscale includes questions 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, and 10 of the SADL. Participants reported tremendous contentment levels for items involving enhancement in understanding familiar conversation (80%). 75% of the hearing aid users indicated that frequency of repetitions asked by the hearing aid user greatly reduced after wearing the aid and of the sound resulting from their hearing aids were rated as considerably natural by 70%of the participants. Almost 80 % of the bene iciaries pointed out a tremendous level of grati ication for better selfcon idence and 75% of the individuals were greatly pleased when asked whether gaining their hearing aids was in their best attention and whether having it was worth the intricacy in Figure 1.

Service and Cost
This subscale is made up of questions 12 and 14.
All individuals who participated in the study (100%) opined that the services they obtained while receiving the aids were tremendous and. Specially, users were, to a great extent, satis ied with the pro iciency of the audiologist and indicated a great level of grati ication with the reliability of their hearing aids in Figure 2.

Negative Features
This subset has Items 2 and 7 which are reversed items and 11. 70 % of individuals opined that there was no dif iculty while using the provided hearing aid and only 20% of them reported a slight discomfort, mainly due to feedback and cosmetic appearance in Figure 3. Participants were a little troubled

Figure 4: Graphical Representation of the percentage of responses for Negative features
with environmental sounds ampli ied by the hearing aids. However, the patients complained of poor build quality and frequent physical damage of the hearing aid, which was not included in the questionnaire and hence couldn't be quanti ied. Clients also had dif iculty in adverse environments, such as noisy situations and group discussion. This complication can be attributed to limited programming options available in the aid which in turn hinders the accessibility and hence restricting the audiologist for further ine-tuning in Figure 4.

Personal Image
The subscale consists of questions 4, 8, and 13 which are scored in a reverse manner. Participants reported great levels of grati ication on this. Furthermore, 80% of individuals were not much concerned about the appearance of the aid. 75% of the hearing aid users disagreed on question 4, which shows that the hearing did not make them seems less capable rather made them more independent and capable in Figure 5.
The results determined that in general, there was a great level of partaker contentment with ampliication of the hearing aid. This is in agreement with abundant other studies done on Australian hearing aid users. Outcome of the current study is in agreement to the SADL data, which had partici- pants of almost similar age and gender. In contrast, SADL scores for the current study is high than 12-24 month post itting group, probably since the data remained together in the current study was at an earlier stage post itting. The grati ication for the individuals in the current study may more strongly be similar to the normative data if restrained at a later stage post itting as was the case while it was correlated their 12-24 month post itting contributor group by interim norms.

CONCLUSIONS
This research has contributed SADL data for the hearing aid users provided with free hearing aids through the ADIP scheme of the Indian government. Relatively a few variables that can persuade grati ication levels were recognized amongst all SADL subscales and those are an apparent degree of hearing intricacy with no hearing aids, a quantity of earlier hearing aid practice, and style of hearing aid. The SADL grati ication scores were appreciably correlated to all other measures inspected, as well as single-item grati ication, hearing aid use, hearing aid bene its, and its challenges. Hence to conclude, ADIP scheme hearing aids do satisfy the users in most of the features such as speech understanding, speaking over the phone and enhanced overall hearing. Further improvements will be of great leverage for the users and providers, which makes using hearing aid more affordable and consumer-friendly.