Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding the home care management of Bronchial Asthma among patients

Asthma is an illness of the respiratory systemwherein respiratory sections in which the lungs become over receptive and over-responsive. On account of this expanded affectability, lungs become aggravated when presented to certain aggravations, for example, cool air, smoke, and dust and so on Asthma causes irritation of the lungs and results in narrowing of the respiratory entries. The word asthma signi ies ”to inhale hard”. As the name recommends, individuals with asthma experience issues in Breathing, Tightness of Chest and Wheezing. A quantitative pre-experimental one group research design was conducted among 60 patients with Bronchial Asthma. Convenient sampling technique was used to select samples. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and knowledge regarding home care management was assessed. The planned teaching program was given to the samples. After an hour, the knowledge was reassessed using the same structured questionnaire. The present study result states that there is a signi icant increase in the knowledge of the patients with bronchial asthma at p<0.001 level. This indicates that planned, structured teaching is the effective and easy method to improve knowledge among patient with bronchial asthma regarding homecare management that helps to relieve symptoms throughnon-pharmacological interventionwhich in turnhas a goodprognosis in bronchial asthma.


INTRODUCTION
Asthma is an illness of the respiratory system where respiratory sections wherein the lungs become over receptive and over-responsive. On account of this expanded affectability, lungs become aroused when presented to certain aggravations, for example, chilly air, smoke, dust and so on Asthma causes aggravation of the lungs and results in narrowing of the respiratory sections. An individual's asthma changes relying upon the climate exercises, the executives rehearses and different variables (Conte et al., 2019).
Asthma is an exceptionally regular issue everywhere in the world. Studies have shown that Asthma has expanded by very nearly seven rates during the most recent thirty years in many nations. The fast expansion in asthma cases is more normal in metropolitan regions when contrasted with country territories. Expanded air contamination and upper respiratory lot disease are maybe two most signi icant purposes behind expanded asthma in India. Asthma can create at whatever stage in life, yet around 50% of individuals create it before the age of ten years while around 25 percent of individuals create it before the age of forty years (Bryant-Stephens et al., 2012).
The word asthma signi ies "to inhale hard". As the name proposes, individuals with asthma experience issues in Breathing, Tightness of Chest and Wheezing (Chakravarthy et al., 2002). Asthma in luences an expected 300 Million Individuals overall handicap changed life years are lost and 2,50,000 Asthma deaths are accounted for around the world. Around 5,00,000 yearly hospitalizations (34.6% in Individuals matured 18 Years or Younger) are because of Asthma. Every year an expected 1.81 Million individuals (47.8%) in Individuals matured 18 Years, or Younger require treatment in the Emergency Department (Gupta et al., 2018).
Asthma is under-analyzed and under treated in spite of the fact that the utilization of Inhaled Corticosteroids has had a bene icial outcome on results. The expanding number of clinic con irmations for Asthma, which is generally articulated in Young Adult, mirrors an expansion are owing to Asthma. Most Asthma deaths happen in those 45 years old and are to a great extent preventable, every now and again being identi ied with Inadequate long haul clinical consideration or postponements in acquiring clinical weight on patients with Asthma (Juniper et al., 1996).
As per WHO Scale of issue somewhere in the range of 100 and 150 Million individuals around the world experience the ill effects of Asthma and this number is rising around the world, passings from this condition have reached more than 1,80,000 yearly. India has an expected 15 -20 asthmatics (Singh and Shahi, 2008). As of 2018, 300 million individuals overall were in luenced by asthma prompting roughly 2,50,000 passings for each year (Singh and Kumar, 2002). It is assessed that asthma has 7-10% commonness around the world. Around 8% of the Swiss populace experiences asthma as against just 2% some 25-30 years ago (Hertzen and Haahtela, 2005). In Germany, there is an expected 4 million Asthmatics. In Western Europe, all in all, Asthma has multiplied in ten years. In the United States, the quantity of Asthmatics has jumped by over 60% since the mid-1980s and passings have multiplied to 5000 per year (Nadig and Rajeshwari, 2016). Kalabarathi and Nair (2020) investigated the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children. Out of 100 samples, 50(50%) risk factor of heredity, 71(71%) have problems in taking asthma medications, 44(44%) only use zipped pillow covers, 34(34%) do not use gas stoves in the kitchen, 10(10%) have moisture in the walls, 6(6%) have cases of asthma emergencies, 56(56%) ind help-less in dealing with an asthma child (Kalabarathi and Nair, 2020).
The purpose of the study is (Conte et al., 2019) to assess the knowledge on home care management of Bronchial asthma among the patients at SMCH. (Bryant-Stephens et al., 2012) to assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding the Home Care Management of Bronchial Asthma among patients. (Chakravarthy et al., 2002) to associate the effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding home care management of bronchial asthma with the demographic variables among patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A quantitative approach with one group preexperimental research design was used. The study was conducted in the Medical OPD and Medical ward at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam. 60 samples were selected using a convenience sampling technique. The criteria for sample selection are patients with age above 18 Years, patients with respiratory problems, patients taking medication for bronchial asthma, patients visiting both Male and Female Medicine OPD and Male and Female Ward and patients who are willing to participate in the Study.
The exclusion criteria for the samples are patients who are not present at the time of the study, patients who are not willing to participate in the study, patients with age below 18 years and patients who cannot understand Tamil and English Language. The data collection period was done with prior permission from the HOD of Department and ethical clearance was obtained from the institution. The purpose of the study was explained to the samples and written informed consent was obtained from them. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and knowledge regarding home care management was assessed.
The planned teaching program was given to the samples. After an hour, the knowledge was reassessed using the same structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample characteristics were described using frequency and percentage. Pearson's correlation coef icient was used to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program among patients. Chi-square was used to associate the posttest level of knowledge with the selected demographic variables.  (Figure 1).
The current investigation is upheld by Kaur et al. (2019) examined on Assessment of information with respect to self-administration of bronchial asthma among patients going to the outpatient branch of a North Zone tertiary consideration community. The outcomes demonstrated Poor information had been seen in 10.37% (Kaur et al., 2019).

CONCLUSION
The planned Teaching programme has signi icantly increased the Knowledge regarding Home Care Management of Bronchial Asthma among the Patients. Planned structured teaching is an effective and easy method to improve knowledge among patient with bronchial asthma regarding homecare management that helps to relieve symptoms through non-pharmacological intervention which in-turn has a good prognosis in bronchial asthma.