Awareness on Mechanical and Chemical Plaque Control in Children- A Survey

Sneha Kannan1, Lakshmi T*2, Ganesh Lakshmanan3 1Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 77, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 77, Tamil Nadu, India 3Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 77, Tamil Nadu, India


INTRODUCTION
Dental caries and constant gum disease are both related with amassing of bacterial plaque on around the teeth (Richards, 2017). At the start, it is critical to express that, not at all like constant gum disease there is no obvious connection between plaque control and anticipation of caries. For constant gum disease, bacterial plaque speaks to the absolute most signi icant aetiological factor Richards, 2017).

Mechanical plaque control
The mechanical technique for plaque control, examined for their consequences for caries increase, have been either actually or expertly delivered (Ash-wini et al., 2017). Further regions have incorporated the bene it of toothbrushing and interdental cleaning (Lakshmi et al., 2015). For individual oral cleanliness, toothbrushing strategy, however the brush is additionally a most important vehicle for the conveyance of luoride-containing toothpaste to the teeth (Ezhilarasan et al., 2017b). Various issues exist in choosing whether tooth brushing itself in luences caries. The plaque records utilized don't or can't score those surfaces generally vulnerable to caries (Perumalsamy et al., 2018). Moreover, similarly as with numerous periodontal investigations, correlations are made for mean mouth score for both caries and plaque and are not site speci ic (Cummins, 1991;Perumalsamy et al., 2018). All things considered, the productivity of individual mechanical oral cleanliness practices will be upgraded through innovative work concerning conditions deciding individual execution as opposed to by endeavours to improve helps and technique (Babu et al., 2020).

Chemical plaque control
Apparently the utilization of a toothbrush and toothpaste is the most regularly utilized strategy for oral hygiene . In that capacity, the endeavours have been made to consolidate mixes which may repress plaque and forestall dental ailment. Indeed, even in those situations where potential antiplaque or antimicrobial mixes have been delivered to help a gainful effect (Gheena and Ezhilarasan, 2019). Antimicrobial operators utilized for plaque control can be partitioned into a few gatherings and these are explored either for impact on plaque or plaque and gum disease and just a couple for the anticipation of caries (Gheena and Ezhilarasan, 2019). A subjective impact of toothpastes on plaque, interceded through an antibacterial activity of toothpastes (Menon et al., 2018). This study aims to create awareness on the chemical and mechanical plaque control among children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The questionnaire is used to record the responses of participants. Google forms were used for the questionnaire preparation. The sample for the study consisted of 102 people. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions, out of which 12 questions are multiple choice questions. A cross-sectional study survey is made with the questionnaire of 14 questions through google forms. The google forms were circulated among 102 people through social media like Whatsapp. The data were analysed using SPSS software for knowing the mean, median and frequency of responses. The data were subjected to descrip-tive statistics and paired t-test using SPSS software version 22. Each question of the survey was represented by pie chart.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
72% of the population are aware of the importance of brushing teeth thrice a day. This shows that the respondents were aware of the mechanical and chemical plaque control in children. In the present study, 72% of the population habit of brushing their teeth thrice a day and 13% of the people are not brushing their teeth that often (Figure 1). Among gender classi ication, out of 58% of the participants who are aware of tooth deposit even after brushing, 18% constitutes male and 40% constituent female (Figure 2). 33% of the respondents had a feeling of bad breath, whereas majority -56% of the people do not feel bad breath ( Figure 3). 65% of the people change their brush once in 3 months. 28% of the people change their toothbrush once in 6-8 months ( Figure 4). Among gender classi ication, out of 47% of the participants who were exposed to sugary foods and drinks, 20% constitutes male and 27% constituent female ( Figure 5).
Among gender classi ication, out of 42% of the participants who were exposed to luoride administration, 12% constitutes male and 30% constituent female ( Figure 6). 63% of the people believe that brushing their teeth can prevent dental plaque and 19% of the people deny it (Figure 7). Among gender classi ication, out of 63% of the participants who are aware of different brushing techniques, 22% constitutes male and 41% constituent female (Figure 8).
Among gender classi ication, out of 59% of the participants who are aware of dental plaque leads to dental tartar, 26% constitutes male and 32% constituent female (Figure 9). Comparative examinations were inished by different analysts from various districts of the world. Scarcely any investigations show that, in spite of the fact that brushing was usually utilized strategy for cleaning teeth, it was discovered that solitary 29.6 percent members detailed cleaning their teeth twice every day which is exceptionally less as contrasted and 58% of the police selects in an investigation lead by Emilson et al. (1982).
As per the study of Axelsson, the cleanliness quality is more signi icant than frequency of brushing in the oral cavity (Emilson et al., 1982).
As to items, just 4% of the members were utilizing loss and interdental brush. Interestingly, Hamilton and Coubly in 1991 found that a high rate (44%) of the example in Northeastern Ontario utilized dental loss (Keyes et al., 1991). The examination indicated that 84% of the people had built up the correct propensity for cleaning their tongue and 71% wash their mouth after dinners in their everyday routine (Rajeshkumar et al., 2018b). The use of mouthrinses with 0.1% or 0.2%, chlorhexidine (CHX) in children, for 6 months, achieved significant reductions for plaque and gingival indices, and no differences for caries increment, compared with a placebo (Marčetić, 2015). With the concurrent application of PTC and a 0.4% or 1% CHX toothpaste in dental students over a period of 2-years, no differences were found in plaque and gingival scores, with the placebo group, while a lower caries increment was observed in the 1% CHX group, when compared to all other groups, concomitantly with a higher number of active non-cavitated lesions becoming inactive (Karthiga et al., 2018). The combination of a 0.5% CHX gel, rinsing with 2% MFP solution or 0.8% MFP toothpaste, failed to signi icantly reduce plaque accumulation and gingival scores and to reduce the rate of caries development (Karthiga et al., 2018;Mehta et al., 2019).
About 25% members use mouthwash and 67% didn't utilize mouthwash even 7% individual didn't think about mouthwash. In the survey, half members were unconscious about the data that bio ilm, plaque on tooth surface causes periodontal disease (Ezhilarasan et al., 2017a). As a view of self consideration is concerned, an outcome indicated that just 7% of the individual visit normally to the dental specialist, 93% visited at whatever point there is a problem (Ezhilarasan, 2018;Ezhilarasan et al., 2017a). While assessing the information in clinical and dental experts about the connection between fundamental infections and periodontal health (Rajeshkumar et al., 2018a). Not many are thought about the connection of fundamental condi-tions, for example, cardiovascular ailment, preterm low birth weight and diabetes mellitus and periodontitis (Tomiyama et al., 2019). Numerous human services experts never alluded such patients to periodontitis. According to the consequence of comparable examinations, there is a need to ind a way to make mindfulness among everybody towards oral cleanliness and spur them to improve their conduct for avoidance of dental plaque (Westfelt et al., 1996). Just as to need to support social insurance experts also to give appropriate data and inspiration to their patients towards the most common ailment like periodontitis.
In Figure 1, Shows responses for questions about brushing thrice a day was 72% positive responses are in blue colour, 13% negative responses are in green colour and 7% responses for sometimes are in grey colour. In Figure 2, blue colour denotes 'yes', red denotes 'no' and green denotes 'sometimes'. Xaxis represents gender and Y-axis represents tooth deposit after brushing. Out of 58% of the participants who are aware, 18% constitutes male and 40% constituent female. Hence female are more exposed to tooth deposits after brushing. Association between gender and dental tartar was done using Chi-square test, Pearson Chi-square value is 2.368-p-value-0.086 (≥0.05) was found statistically not signi icant. In Figure 3, shows responses when asked about feeling their own bad breath-33% positive responses are in blue colour, 56% negative responses are in green colour and 17% responses for sometimes are in grey colour.
In Figure 4, Shows responses for how often people change their toothbrush-65% blue colour represents people changing once in 3 months, 28% green colour showing once in 6-8 months and 6% grey colour showing once a year. In Figure 5, blue colour denotes 'yes', red denotes 'no' and green denotes 'sometimes'. X-axis represents gender and Y-axis represents exposure to sugary foods. Out of 47% of the participants who were exposed, 20% constitutes male and 27% constituent female. Hence females are more exposed to sugary foods and drinks. Association between gender and dental tartar was done using Chi-square test, Pearson Chi-square value is 7.858-p-value -0.046 (≥0.05) and was found statistically signi icant. In Figure 6, blue colour denotes 'yes', red denotes 'no' and green denotes 'sometimes '. X-axis represents gender and Y-axis represents luoride administration. Out of 42% of the participants who were exposed, 12% constitutes male and 30% constituent female. Hence females are more exposed to luoride administration in their childhood. Association between gender and dental tartar was done using Chi-square test, Pearson Chi-square value is 4.116 -p-value -0.391 (≥0.05) was found statistically not signi icant.
In Figure 7, Shows response for one's belief on brushing the tooth can prevent plaque control-63% positive responses are in blue colour, 19% negative responses are in green colour and 12% response for maybe are in grey colour. In Figure 8, blue colour denotes 'yes', red denotes 'no' and green denotes 'maybe'. X-axis represents gender and Y-axis represents no. of responses. Out of 63% of the participants who are aware, 22% constitutes male and 41% constituent female. Hence females are more aware of different brushing techniques. Association between gender and dental tartar was determined using Chi-square test, Pearson Chi square value is 7.386-p-value-0.058 (≥0.05) was found statistically signi icant. In Figure 9, blue colour denotes 'yes', red denotes 'no' and green denotes 'maybe'. Xaxis represents gender and Y-axis represents dental tartar accumulation. Out of 59% of the participants who are aware, 26% constitutes male and 32% constituent female. Hence females are more aware of dental plaque if not treated properly leads to dental tartar. Association between gender and dental tartar was done using Chi-square test, Pearson Chisquare value is 10.052-p-value-0.042 (≥0.05) was found statistically signi icant.

CONCLUSION
Mechanical plaque control is the most signi icant approach to get free from day by day plaque amassing. Mechanical plaque control methodology is viable in diminishing plaque and gum disease. The expansion of luoride to mechanical plaque control is the easiest method to eliminate caries and dental plaque. Mechanical plaque control is the backbone for counteraction of oral sicknesses, however it requires enormous patient collaboration and inspiration; along these lines, substance plaque control operators go about as valuable adjuvants for accomplishing wanted outcomes. The principle point of this examination is to make mindfulness control of mechanical and substance plaque control in kids.