A Review on Janapadoddhvamsa with special reference to current scenario of COVID-19 outbreak

Vaishnavi Bhivgade1, Saroj Tirpude*1, Bhushan Mhaiskar1, Shweta Parwe2 1Department of Samhita and Siddhant, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (H), Wardha. Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Nagpur, India 2Department of Panchakarma, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (H),Wardha. Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Nagpur, India

A Covid-19 is a new pandemic disease, which is caused by the virus knows as Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is called SARS-CoV-2 because it is genetically related to each other, but the disease is different, so the ICTV announced this name on 11 February 2020. Its common signs and symptoms are infection which includes the respiratory symptoms, the fever, the cough, the shortness of breath, and the breathing dif iculties. And In all of the severe cases, the infection which can cause pneumonia, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), kidney failure and its even cause death also. It is all communicable diseases and in the Ayurvedic literature s the communicable diseases are mentioned under the Janapadoddhvamsa and the Aupasargik Ragas. Its causative agents and methods of prevention have been already clearly explained in Janapadoddhvamsa. So, to manage Janapadoddhvamsa it is advised to take the usage of Rasayana therapy, Panchkarama procedures, Sadvrit Paalan (code of right conducts) and Aachara Rasyana it means the behavioural therapy, Dhupan Karma (Fumigation) and Vaad Chikitsa (Sound therapy). And the effort has been made to ind the possible Ayurvedic comparison to the current outbreak of COVID-19. It is indicated under PranavahaSrotasa (respiratory system) diseases in kashyapSamhita, which is based on the cardinal signs and symptoms, and the system which is involved. Also aims to provide information among the Rasayana Aushadi which can be cooperated in day to day life as an immune modulator along with Vyadhihara Chikitsa. So, the effort which is made to compile the knowledge of Janapadoddhvamsa, so, it should be applied for the betterment human life and maybe also provides the answer to the challenge of COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION
Covid-19 is newly emerged communicable pandemic disease caused by a virus is known as Coronavirus is known as SARS-COV-2 (Nisargandha and DadaraoParwe, 2020). These Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause a mild to the moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses also, i.e. the common cold, the shortness of breath, and even on an average 5 for six days after Infection. And in this 21st century, these three times coronavirus can get outbreaks to have emerged from the animals like reservoirs to causes global transmission concerns.
Even these coronaviruses can get circulate among the animals included only the pigs, the camels, the bats, and even cats also. Coronavirus is the Zoonotic disease, which spreads between the animals as well as humans. Sometimes these viruses jump into the humans called the spillover event. And these coronaviruses are to be known as the causes of the human disease, these are mild, but the three are of the coronaviruses which can have a more serious outcome into the peoples and those are the diseases which are known as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) which can emerge into the late 2002 and disappeared by 2004; MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), these cans emerged into the 2012 and its remains to circulation in camels; and COVID-19 is a disease, which can get emerged in December 2019 from China and its global effort is under the way to its increase day by day (Parwe et al., 2020).
COVID-19 belongs to communicable diseases. These factors responsible for such kind of diseases are known as epidemiological triads. Environment, agent, and host form the epidemiological triad for such kind of diseases. In Ayurvedic literature contain the communicable diseases are mentioned under the "Janapadoddhvamsa" (Gour, 2005) Where Janapadoddhvamsa are communicable diseases are mentioned under which an outbreak occurs that affects entire civilization effect gets effected and several deaths occur. Janapadoddhvamsa literally means destruction or demolition of communities.
In Ayurvedic literature like Acharaya Sushruta and Acharya Charaka, which communicates the diseases they are recorded as the Aupasargika Roga and Janapadoddhvamsa respectively. In Charaka Samhita Vimana Sthana chapter three Acharya Charaka has mentioned the following information related to Janapadoddhvamsa. Ayurveda has inevitable potential and conceivable outcomes to be utilized both for preventive protocol and curative treatment of COVID-19. This will emphasize a signi icant chance to learning and creating dependable evidence. It is appropriating measures to stress those collaborations and integrations of Ayurveda in treatment protocol tending towards the COVID-19 test in India must not stay restricted and seen (Snehal et al., 2020) Cure of a disease matter rather more but prevention is usually better than cure. Ayurveda doctrine offers simple natural ways (daily regimens), herbal combinations, herbs-mineral formulations, and exercises like Yoga for prevention of COVID-19 (Rajput, 2020).

Review And Discussion
Acharaya Punarvasu Atreya has parcelled his all the disciple that they collected for the medicine herbs before they can lose their rasa, veerya, vipaka and prabhava because it's due to the abnormal conditions of the stars, and the planets, and the Moon, and the Sun, and the wind, and the ire and the directions which are going to a disarrangement of the season as the character that must be seen in a particular season, so there will not be present and term it as Ritu vaikarik for example in spring and summer the season there will be extreme rain. As a result of these variations in seasons, AcharayaChakrapani said that the abnormality, the earth will fail to produce the herbs possessing good qualities of the Rasa (taste), the Veerya (potency), the Vipaka (metabolism of diet and drugs) and the prabhava (speci ic attribute). If drugs are collected before there will be no dif iculty to face Janapadoddhvamsa Vyadhi, and we can beneit that can get seek us and also to whom we can seek to help.
Janapadoddhvamsa can only take place to the incidence of only a single disease, in these spite of individuals who can get differ from the one another into their constitution (Prakriti), diet (Aahara), physical constitution (Deha), power (Bala), habits (Satmaya), psychic constitution (Satva), and age (Vaya). Although a community maybe get dissimilar to respect the constitution and also other characteristics of its individuals but here are some common factors which can often get adversely affected and resulting in an outbreak of diseases which is having similar symptoms that can destroy the communities (Brahmanand, 2007c).
Acharya Charaka has classi ied etiological factors as, The NiyataHetu and The AniyataHetu. The Niy-ataHetu are only the factors which get affect commonly to all the individuals in a particular community and it can include a harmful effect of the sun, the moon, the stars, and the planets such as the loods, the cyclones, the landslides, the earthquakes, the Hetu are tsunami. And the Aniyata include Pragyaparadha (terrorism, and factors that etc.), the shastra Prabhavaja (nuclear weapons, it advanced weapons like as bio-weapons), the Abhishyangaja (effects of pathogens, its evil condition) the War forces and the unhygienic conditions and also the Abhishyangaja (i.e. the curse) (Acharya, 2000).
These factors may affect the complete community and cause disease known describes three different methods in the management of conditions tend to supply disease, i.e. Apakarshana, Prakriti Vighata and Nidana Parivarjana (Brahmanand, 2007a).

Acharya Sushruta de ined Nidaana Parivarjana
Chikitsa as: "Samkshepatah Kriyayogo Nidana Parivarjanam." In Ayurvedic literature, it mentioned that manifestation of the disease there should be as Jana-padoddhvamsaRogas. Acharaya Charaka is already clear that the involvement of the Strotas (body channels) and its vitiation as the part of Samprapti (pathogenesis). Its treatment involves Samprapti Vighatana (pathogenesis breakdown). Rasayana therapy which acts at the Strotas level will prove effective in the management of Janapadoddhvamsa.

Rasayana therapy
Rasayana therapy comes under Swasthya Urjaskara Chikitsa (rejuvenating therapy). Rasayana is act at the level of the Dhatus (tissues) in a Swastha person and administration of RasayanaAushadi, which proves it a very effective tool in the prevention of any disease. RasayanaAushad is available in the special reference to Pranavaha Srotasas following factors are:

Pippali Rasayana (Piper longum Rasayana)
For the rejuvenation of pippaliRasayana, it should take the doses like ive, eight, seven or ten Pippali, i.e. is long pepper fruits, together with the honey and therefore the ghee for one year. If the Alpa Kapha Pippali should be impregnated (Bhavit) seven times with Kimshuka Kshara, i.e. tree Kshara (Kshara may be a caustic, alkaline in nature obtained from the ashes of medicinal plants) and fried with cow-ghee. There are some three impregnated Papal which is mixed with the cow ghee and honey which is taken in the morning for two times that is, one before food and a second time after food taken by a person who desires to be rejuvenated.

Note:
The Pippali (Piper longum), The Kshara (caustic), The Lavana (salt) alone excessive use for a long time is said to be very harmful, but here the Pippali is used along with the Madhu (honey), and the Ghrit.

Panchkarama procedures
Different type of Panchkarma procedures should be indicated for puri ication of the body.

Sadvrit palan (Code of right conduct)
These codes are very important in the prevention of disease and promotion of health. Some codes of conduct that is fruitful to avoid COVID-19.
1. Always follow a routine of hair cutting, nail cutting and shaving at least three times in a fortnight.
2. Have a bath once or twice daily, as the season may be.
3. One should not take food without wearing precious stones in hand, without taking a bath and with torn apparel. Don't eat food without washing hands, mouth, feet and face. And also don't eat food in an improper place, a crowded place.
4. Don't eliminate the putum, latus, faeces and the urine in front of the wind, ire, water, and the moon, and the sun and the teachers. 5. Everyone can pay respect to the Gods, the Cows, our Teachers (preceptors) elderly people and those who have to accomplished the spiritual perfection.
6. Always covered mouth by hand during coughing and sneezing. 7. One should not abandon relatives, affectionate who have helped in times of dif iculty and who know the deep secrets of the family (Brahmanand, 2007b).

Aachar Rasayana (behavioural therapy)
Aachara Rasayana means the one who follows the very optimistically all the codes of conduct (AacharaRasayana) needn't require the opposite Rasayanas and people who take another Rasayanas without following the code of conduct and do not receive the optimum results of Rasayanas. So its need to follow the Aachara Rasayana to get the better results even in the epidemic diseases.

The Codes conducts of Aachar Rasayana are as follows
The truthfulness, The freedom from anger, The nonindulgence in alcohol, The nonviolence, The calmness, The engaged in meditation, The cleanliness, The perseverance, The charitable, The religious, The respectful toward teachers, The parents and elders, and also Using the ghee regularly, and also Controlling the senses, The Positive attitude, The Selfcontrol, and Devoted to Vedic scriptures.

Dhupan Karma (Medicinal ayurvedic Fumigation)
In an ancient time and even in the today also the Yagya is done for the welfare of the mass population and it resulted in mass hygiene. It is also be mentioned in the Janapadoddhvamsa in Ayurvedic literatures. In Yajurveda it says that performing Havana twice every day, i.e. the morning and the evening to attains the enlightenment, the mental peace, the puri ication of mind and the environment. Rak-soghanaDhupan is mentioned for protection from infections and Gana Dhupan for all diseases originating from Bhuta (microbes) (Tiwari, 2007). Drugs are mentioned in the different diseases that are used for the dhupan Karma. Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Nimba (Azadiracta indica), Vacha (Acorus Calamus), Kutha (Saussurea lappa), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Sarsapa (Brassica campestris), Yava (Hordeum vulgare) with Ghrita. (Shukla, 2003).
Dravya is mentioned like Sarsapa, Nimba, Lavana with Ghrita fumigation with them to be done twice a day for ten days. Microbes are destroyed by Raksoghana drugs.

Vaad Chikitsa (Sound therapy)
If food is contaminated with poison, then different symptoms arises due to that poison and to treat them apply different pastes on various types of instruments and produce sound from them.
Equal parts of all these contents Taar (Silver), Sutaar (Mercury), Suvarna (Gold), Saariva and the Kuruvind (A kind of the precious stone or the Musta, i.e. cyperus) total of the above four dravya, these should be mixed with the Pitta of cow of KapilaVarna (color). These paste we should be applied to the soundproducing instruments. As from the sound of instruments, Ghor Visha will be destroyed.

CONCLUSIONS
The main objectives within the Ayurveda are Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam its means to take care of the health of a healthy or individual. Prevention is the best way to avoid COVID-19. As COVID-19 outbreak is sankramak and Aupsargikroga (communicable diseases) and that is consider under Janpadoddwamsa so the remedies that are told in Janpadoddwanmsa like Rasayana therapy, Panchkarama procedures, SadvritPalan (code of right conducts) and Aachara Rasyana, i.e. behavioural therapy, Homa (Yagya) which should be tried as a preventive measure.
It's not time to ight against each other that which science is best or not; we should think about humanity and do whatever is possible to avoid this circumstance. Ayurvedic literature mentioned the today's situation so, the many years back and in Janapadoddwansa , they clearly indicate everything that, today happening all around the world and if they told its preventive measure at that time we must think about them measure also. Social distancing plays an important role in inhibiting the spread of these diseases. So it should be maintained.