Concept of airborne infectious diseases in Ayurveda

Currently the world is dealing with the infection of COVID-19 which has recently been declared as Pandemic by WHO. The quick spread everywhere throughout the world has raised worries about the chance of transmission of the infection from individual to individual. The present study is aimed to review the information available about COVID19 and similar diseases in Ayurveda literature such as CharakaSamhita , SushrutaSamhita , Ash-tangaHrudayaand various research studies related to the topic. Ayurveda an antiquated clinical science has unmistakably depicted Aupsargikarogas (Com-municable diseases), their mode of transmission, cause, cure and prevention too. Janapadodhwamsa, thediseases which affect a major part of population and itsfour causative factors such as pollution of Vayu (Air) and Jala (Water) along with the changes in Kala (Time) and Desha (Region)explained in Ayurveda . With respect to treatment, Ayurveda advocates prevention as the (cid:977)irst step and then cure of diseases, through Nidana Parivarjana (Avoidance of causes), Shodhan (Bio puri(cid:977)ication) and Shaman (Curative and Palliative care). With the help of Panchakarma (Five bio puri(cid:977)icatory therapies)and Rasayana (Rejuvenation therapy), these diseases can be prevented well. Ayurveda can be helpful to reduce the morbidity and mortality.The current review portrays how Ayurveda can assist with combatting the developing challenges of communicable infections.

aimed to review the information available about COVID19 and similar diseases in Ayurveda literature such asCharakaSamhita, SushrutaSamhita, Ash-tangaHrudayaandvarious research studies related to the topic.Ayurveda an antiquated clinical science has unmistakably depicted Aupsargikarogas (Communicable diseases), their mode of transmission, cause, cure and prevention too.Janapadodhwamsa, thediseases which affect a major part of population and itsfour causative factors such as pollution of Vayu(Air) and Jala (Water) along with the changes inKala(Time) andDesha(Region)explained in Ayurveda. With respect to treatment, Ayurveda advocates prevention as the irst step and then cure of diseases, through Nidana Parivarjana (Avoidance of causes),Shodhan (Bio puri ication) and Shaman(Curative and Palliative care). With the help of Panchakarma (Five bio puri icatory therapies)and Rasayana (Rejuvenation therapy), these diseases can be prevented well. Ayurveda can be helpful to reduce the morbidity and mortality.The current review portrays how Ayurveda can assist with combatting the developing challenges of communicable infections.

INTRODUCTION
State of health is never an issue until somebody becomes extremely ill that it hampers day to day chores and activities. And when such a condition occurs at a mass level, it becomes as similar to the current situation of pandemic COVID19. On account of ill-advised eating routine, absence of daily exercise, stress, less nutritive nature of food grains and global warming, wellbeing status of people has gotten poor, and they are getting inclined to contagious infections. Infectious airborne diseases have been making a caution impacts all-round the globe and presently Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has been pronounced pandemic in most piece of the world. The Epidemic of COVID-19 started in China and immediately spread to different nations and turned into a signi icant health issue. Coronaviruses are among the primary human and animal pathogens. (Mcintosh et al., 2020). The COVID-19 epidemic began in China and quickly spread to other countries and became a major health problem (Qiao, 2020). What are the risks of COVID-19 infection; The Lancet). The speci ic method of infection transmission has not yet been resolved. Yet, the scientists found that the infection spreads through respiratory droplets like in luenza, and air safety measures are essential because of the lacking of data here (Organization, 2020).
Ayurveda, however, is an antiquated life science notice about such diseased conditions. A point by point section on Janapadodhwans (Acharya, 2014) in CharakSamhita clari ies epidemic disease with its etiological causes. There is a better depiction on the method of transfer of infection In SushrutSamhita. They said Aupasargikrogas Sharma (2005) (Communicable diseases).AcharyaSusruta in kustha (a group of skin infection) depicts that the disease like Jwar (fever or pyrexia), kustha (disease of the skin), Sosha (tuberculosis), Netrabhushyand(Conjunctivitis) are infectious and spreads or happening direct contact or by utilization of tainted objects(SushrutaSamhitaNiryansagar Publication 1941).GatraSansparshat (direct contact), Prasnagat (all forms contact), Saha-shayyasant (resting together), Sahabhojanat (eating together), Vastra-malya-anulepanat (sharing and utilizing of different garments, adornments, ointments), prompts infection likeJwara (Fever), Kustha, Netrabhishyanda (Conjunctivitis)Shosha (Tuberculosis). In this way, the sickness spread from individual to individual. This portrays Aupsargic Rogas that it is an infectious disease or disease spreads through contacts. Charak Samhita depicts the action of Udak (Water), Vayu(Air), Kala (Time), Desha(Soil and Area) are the components liable for Janapadodhwans (Epidemic). Description of AcharyaCharaka mainly refers to the infectious diseases and describes disarranged physical, natural and chemical elements in the event of sickness (Charak Vimansthan 3/6).
From these references, we come to realize that in old time there were such plagues too. A de inite routine for such sicknesses is additionally portrayed in CharakSamhita as utilization of Panchakarma and Rasayana.

Methodology
For the current examination, the primary source of data is the ancient classical literature of Ayurveda, and past investigations led on the comparative subject at various colleges, universities and other places of research. The information available on the internet is also incorporated in the study. Abstract and the title and of every Published article were studied separately utilizing particular catchphrases by scientists, the relevant articles are gathered, and their outcomes were summed up and mentioned.

Mode of Transmission
The spread of Coronavirus can occur in the following manners: 1. Not covering the mouth while Coughing and sneezing can scatter droplets into the air.
2. Touching or shaking hands with an individual who has the infection can pass the infection between people.
3. Making contact with a surface or article that has the infection and afterwards contacting the eyes, nose or mouth.

Sign and Symptoms
As indicated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in people, the manifestations of the Coronavirus are like those of lu and lu-like ailment in common.
The most widely recognized reason for death is respiratory failure, different reasons for death are pneumonia (leads to sepsis), high fever (leads to neurological issues), lack of hydration (from excessive vomiting and loose bowels) and electrolyte imbalance.
Correlation of Symptoms of Abhinyasa Jwara with COVID-19 has been described in Table 1.

Abhinyasa Jwar
It is mentioned as one among the thirteen types of SannipatajJwar(A type of Jwar which includes all three Doshavitiation)

Vitiated
Tridoshas due to Agantuka karanas(Exogenous cause) immediately lodges in Rasavaha (Circulatory System) andPranvaha strotas (Respiratory System) simultaneously. It severely affects the circulation of Rasa(Bodily luid). It thereby causes the depletion of Ojas(Vital essences of energy) factor responsible for life and death, which results in the death of the patient. As the Bhutabhisanga(ViralOrganisms)is a direct factor for the causation of the diseaseAbhinyasa Jwar. It is explained as a type of Agantuja Jwar (Sharma, 2008b).

VataShlaishmajaJwara (Correlated with NIPAH virus infection)
In NIPAH infection contamination, which was irst distinguished in 1999 after an episode in Malaysia that resulted in the death of more than 100 individuals. The destructive Nipah infection, which is transmitted by bats, pigs and at times infected individuals, is bound to be transmitted from individual to individual when the contaminated patient is more aged, male and additionally has breathing problems, as indicated by an investigation co-led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (Nikolay et al., 2019).
In the earlier phase in Nipah, the Vata and Kapha doshas are aggravated. In the description of VataShlaishmajajwar, Sushruta includes Moderate fever, Early respiratory systems, Rigidity, Joint pains, More of sleep, Feeling of heaviness, headache are the features of Vata Shlaishma Jwara. It can be correlated with the observed symptoms Fever, Headache and General malaise in earlier Stage of Nipah virus as described in Table 2 (Garg, 2019).

Ideal AyurvedicManagement
Ojas (Vital essences of energy) is the result of a sound digestive system, which helps the body for opposing disease. Low level of ojas is the absence of insusceptibility at the physical level and lack of mental quality at the psychic level. By enhancing our body immunity and strengthening the Ojas, we can prevent the spread of the virus.
The treatment is divided into the following steps

Nidana Parivarjana
As per Ayurveda, dietary and daily habits assumes a signi icant role in any infection. If the Digestive capacity of yours is typical, your immune system will stay useful, and along these lines, no infectious dis-ease can overrule you. So one ought to follow the perfect dietary routine during seasons like rainy and winter whenever the greatest possibilities are there for viral diseases. Achaman , Dantadhavan Maintain oral hygiene. Sleeping during the day time should be avoided. Oil rub with oil having warm quality is advantageous. In the early morning drink a glass of water with two teaspoons of honey.

Shodhan Chikitsa (Puri ication Therapy)
In the procedures of Panchakarma like SadyaVa-manaKarma(Emesis)and NasyaKarma(Trans-nasal medication) are likewise helpful for all respiratory tract diseases. Nasya karma (Transnasal administration of medicinal preparations) is indicated as a prime line of treatment in the management of all supraclavicular disease conditions in general, diseases of Nose in particular. It cleanses the nasal passages and sinuses, thereby relieves the symptoms.

2.Homa /Havan(Votive rituals)
Ayurveda believes in a global approach, so, treatment of mind is equally important to correct a physical illness. Faith therapy which adds con idence, hope, and positive attitude regarding the excellent prognosis of the disease, actually corrects the mindset and treatment become easier.

Discussion
A good number of Principles are found in the Classical text of Ayurveda, Which can be compared with the concept of airborne Disease like COVID19.
In the process of theoretical analysis, the following concept was found relevant, such as the concept of causation of disease, cause of the epidemic, mode of communicable Diseases transmission, treatment, and natural history of Diseases (Nisargandha and DadaraoParwe, 2020).
Anti-viral medications have been proved to be extremely powerful in the current research world.
They are under practice in India, for many years for ighting different viral and seasonal infection. The Anti-viral drugs like Tulsi (Ocimum santum), Neem(Azadirachta indica), Amalaki(Phyllantus emblica), Yashtimadhu(Glyccyrrhiza glabra)are useful on the respiratory system like Cough, Cold, Dyspnoea, Fever (Prakash and Gupta, 2005). Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and it's pharmacological actions:( A Short Review. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 125-131.PMid: 16170979). As indicated by a review (1993)  Rasayan is a unique branch of Ayurveda. It promotes the inner healing power of an individual. According to AcharyaCharakathere is several effects of Rasayana like Deha Balam (Optimum Physical Strength and Immunity), Dirgha ayu (Longevity), Medha(Intellect), Indriya Balam(Greater receptivity of sensory organs), Smriti (Retention and recollection capacity), TarunaVayas (Youthfulness).
Rasayana provides nourishment to all the seven Dhatus. By not being a drug therapy, it is, however, a speci ic methodology practised as rejuvenation plans, remarkable health-promoting conduct and behaviour and dietary routine (Singh, 2014). It maintains the longevity of life, increases vitality and mental competence. In a clinical study of 3 months duration Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), and Ashvagandha (Withania somnifera) were found as an antioxidant.
Guduchi was found to be more effective natural antioxidant over others.Brahmi(Bacopamonniera)drug for memory enhancing and Immunomodulatory activity.
Mantra Chikitsa explained under DaivaVyapashray-aChikitsa is aimed to boost self-con idence and to create a positive mind-set. Mantra, when chanted rhythmically, creates a sound wave of different wavelengths and amplitudes which can modulate to the electromagnetic wave pattern of the brain. Mantra and Swati vachana creates a positive environment upon which YuktiVyapashraya (medicine) will work. A special type of Homa is done to assess the prognosis of GrahaRogas.
In this study, an attempt has been made to understand these concepts of airborne disease with their most approximate delineation-list of plants which may prove useful to combat Viral Infection in Table 3.

CONCLUSIONS
The Covid19 is one among the dangerous as well as fatal epidemics which can be managed and prevented through Ayurveda. It is much similar to the Abhinyasa Jwara, including the factor of Prana-vahaSroto Dusti. The occurrence of any disease there is impairment of immunity. To keep up the wellbeing of health, it is important to keep them in harmony by embracing the right method of diet routine, seasonal bio-puri ication, divine therapy and utilization of Rasayana. By following these methods, we can escape from this epidemic. The idea of immuno-stimulation through Ayurveda has been utilized effectively in the treatment of immunocompromised cases.