Spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the lockdown in the Indian population and preventive measures

Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha1, Shweta DadaraoParwe*2 1Department of Physiology, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Hospital & research Centre Khumbhari Solapur, Maharashtra university of health Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, India 2Department of Panchakarma, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & Research Centre, Salod (H), Wardha, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India


INTRODUCTION
In December 2019, several patients with pneumonia of unknown cause were identi ied in Wuhan, China.  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly recognised infectious disorder that has to unfold hastily all through Wuhan, Hubei, China, to other provinces in China and numerous countries around the sector. The variety of fatalities day by day due to COVID-19 is escalating. Previous studies have de ined the general clinical traits and epidemiological indings of sufferers with COVID-19, and some of the medical observations have shown that the condition of some patients with COVID-19 deteriorates unexpectedly. (Lu et al., 2020) (Paules et al., 2020) With the increasing range of con irmed incidences and the accumulating medical records,It is said that each symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 can play a function in ailment transmission via airborne and physical contact. This locating has induced an exquisite dif iculty approximately the prevention of contamination unfolds. The medical capabilities of the infection are not unique and are frequently indistinguishable from those of other respiration infections, making it hard to diagnose. Given that the virus has a robust ability to spread among individuals, it's of top priority to identify or suspected sufferers as soon as viableor the virus can also purpose a critical pandemic. (Xu et al., 2020).
The world is going through a challenging stage by the spreading coronavirus day by day near about 29,20,660, con irmed cases found, and 8,29,075 recovered unfraternally death due to the coronavirus 2,03,622 worldwide. In India start lockdown early stage due to this minimum spread of coronavirus in Indian population as compared to the USA, spin and Italy. One month in two-phase lockdown in India were decreased the patient number for breaking the chain of COVID 19. In Indian population unawareness and lack of information in pandemic disease lead to spread up to 26585 con irmed cases, and 5947 recovered, and death of patients due to COVID -19 is 833 https://www.mygov.in/covid-19 /?cbps=1 (2020).The authorities of India government ordered a national lockdown for one month, proscribing the movement of people as a safety measure.
The present work observes the importance of lockdown and its effective measures to control transmission association of underlying patients of COVID -19 with outcomes of patients recovers with COVID-19 during the lockdown in the Indian scenario.

METHODS STUDY DESIGN -TYPE OF STUDY OBSERVATIONAL
We retrospectively analysed the data of the patients with suffering from COVID 19 and observed them during the lockdown in the spread of Indian scenario after given proper guidelines of the World Health Organization. (Mbikapathy and Krishnamurthy, 2020) COVID-19 Coronavirus cases in India during the lockdown period from 24th March 2020 to 26th April 2020.

Data collection
The data were collected from the of icial database ofIndianGovernment that tracking the latest statewise updates of the COVID -19 infection in India population. The data was updated up to the 26 th April 2020. COVID-19 patients were categories in four group, namely total cases, active cases deaths and cured cases.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This review was designed and conducted for the duration of the lockdown to assess the transmission of the COVID 19 during the lockdown, we included information of the active cases, cases recovered and deaths during the lockdown in a month. It will de iantly help for preventive measures during the lockdown. Table 1 show that entire data, from 24 th Mach 2020 because of the irst case of the COVID -2019 coronavirus pandemic in India changed into pronounced on 30 th January 2020, no more epidemic was suggested in India till date. The above Figure 1 shows the bars of a total number of registered, recovered cases and deaths; this trend varied every day.
The graph discovered that the trends in the cases registered at Indian hospitals changed into going upwards, and more number of corona patients were recorded in the inal two weeks of March. This new record probably prompted because of the majority are travelled to homelands through public transports before the formal lockdown was implemented. The virus could spreadviathrough this migration of human beingsand Present signs on or after the time of incubation.

Importance of lockdown
Since India imposed nationwide lockdown, many other countries have also ordered their citizen for self-isolation. The United Kingdom is the last European countries to imposed the lockdown, has seen higher numbers of newly COVID -19 patients found as compared to Italy.We can observe the COVID -19 pandemic situation through searching into that "The World Health Organization (WHO) con irms that the incubation period (i.e., time elapse between exposure of a pathogenic organism to symptom irst appearance) of COVID-19 outbreak is 14 days". (Chintalapudi et al., 2020) Short-term prohibition cannot act as an alternative to long-term containment and check interventions. For other pandemic outbreaks, the idea of wave patterns has been previously identi ied. These waves will take several months to feel (Simonsen et al., 2018;Flahault, 2020).

Less mortality due to lockdown
Form above igure shows less death in the Indian population; it is due to the early decision of selfisolation and physical distancing. Quarantine has now been imposed in Italy, United States, Australia, France, Germany, Switzerland and others.
Other countries delayed lockdown shows evidence, "Today (31st March 2020), 854,307 COVID-19 conirmed instances are consisting of 42,016 deaths were reported international. Three More than 190 international locations were affected, with big outbreaks in the United States (US), Italy, Spain, China, Iran, France, and others. In Italy, the death toll from coronavirus jumped over 15,000 deaths seeing that quit of February and is still ongoing, while the number of infected instances from the USA surpass approximately greater than half Million population. Due to the easy spreading of COVID-19, maximum countrywide governments inclusive of Italy introduced lockdown, and those aren't allowed to come out from their homes. As of this, almost 3.5 Billion worldwide population went into selfisolation". (Gilbert, 2020) "Data indicate that the European countries may not have been well prepared to contain the COVID-19 case spread. Many of the current cases in Europe can be traced back to northern Italy and Iran, the two main COVID-19 epicentres outside of Eastern Asia". (Khosrawipour et al., 2020) Preventive measures COVID-19 is a severe pandemic which is facing each nation. This result went into the lockout of around half of the global population. India is currently facing a severe epidemic of immense death and mortality. We envisaged development within the duration of reported cases and recovered population in case of amounts if the current lockdown could continue for another two months. The inding of this review, maybe intended to preventive measure and avoid transmission, growth in recovered coronavirus cases could be possible.
The scale of the overall research seems to correspond with an understanding of the observed countries' severe health risks. "As the number of public cases has risen with the implementation of containment measures, one may conclude that testing is itself part of the containment strategy" (Salath et al., 2020;Wilder-Smith et al., 2020).

Further primary preventions during and after lockdown
Social "We know from retrospective analysis that travel restrictions can positively impact case development, as observed in past SARS or Ebola outbreaks". (Camitz and Liljeros, 2006;Peak et al., 2018)

CONCLUSIONS
In this review, we concluded that precaution should be taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID -19) during the lockdown. The lockdown already has a positive impact of outbreak curve lattening, but more signi icant preventative measures are required to avoid coronavirus transmission. The cost of enhanced surveillance, tracking, touch tracing, and self-isolation is high soon. In the longer term, therefore, faster regulation will increase social distance, often avoid public transport, routine mask use, and handwash. Congregation places for coronavirus transmission remain closed for six months.

SOURCES OF DATA
In this study, all the data of the patients are from of icial websites of Government of India. https://www. mygov.in/covid-19/?cbps=1 (2020)