NIV chemotypes of F graminearum were widely distributed in western part of Japan and the isolation frequency was higher than that of DON chemotypes, and moreover, their virulence would be considerably high. We tested hypothesis that prevalence of NIV chemotype in Japan is related to rice cropping. Artificial inoculation of F graminearum caused disease on rice and salmon-pink sporodochia were observed on the diseased rice glumes. Our preliminary tests using isolates differing in trichothecene chemotype suggested that virulence of F graminearum isolates against rice may be different from that against wheat and barley. Use of appropriate fungicides is most important and effective practice to control FHB. Therefore, re-evaluation of registered fungicides and screening new candidates for control of mycotoxin contamination are considered mandatory. We found that six chemicals; metoconazole, tebuconazole, captan, thiofanate-methyl, oxine-copper, and phosphorous acid would control DON and NIV. On the contrary, treatment of azoxystrobin significantly increased the level of DON and NIV compared to the control plots, even though it reduced disease severity of FHB. Lodging also seems to be an important risk factor in mycotoxin production. A case-control study and invention trials were done to clarify effect of lodging on the accumulation of DON and NIV. The concentration of DON+NIV in lodged crop was higher than that of non-lodged one and the mycotoxins production was increased 30% even after 5-7 days lodging. These results suggest that appropriate management practices e.g. cultivar or fertilization to avoid lodging should be required for reduction of mycotoxin contamination.