본 연구는 1950~1960년대 초 북한에서 항일무장투쟁사 교육의 변화에 대한 분석을 통해 김일성의 가계를 중심으로 한 역사적 서사가 형성되는 일 기원을 검토하였다. 북한의 역사학과 역사교육은 역사적 유물론에 입각한 이른바 ‘역사과학’을 추구하였다. 1950년대 중반 북한이 탈소련화와 함께 ‘주체’의 확립을 강조하면서 항일무장투쟁사 연구도 본격화하게 되었다. 항일무장투쟁사는 대체로 ‘오체르크’라고 하는 문학 장르의 형태로 출간되었다. 각급 학교와 교육망에서는 이를 활용한 ‘혁명전통’과 공산주의 교양을 일종의 집체예술과 의례의 형태로 수행하였다. ‘혁명전통’과 공산주의 교양 아래, 역사교육과 문학교육 등 분과 교육이 그 하위 범주로 위계화된 구조가 형성되었다. 이는 북한의 항일무장투쟁사가 사실에 관한 해석을 다루는 과학의 영역에서 특정한 서사를 생산하고 확산시키기 위한 이데올로기적 예술과 선전의 영역으로 넘어갔음을 보여준다.
This study examines the origins of the formation of historical narratives centered on Kim Il‒sung’s family line through analysis of changes in the education of anti‒Japanese armed struggle history in North Korea in the 1950s and early 1960s. North Korea’s history and history education pursued so‒called ‘historical science’ based on historical materialism. In the mid‒1950s, as North Korea emphasized the establishment of Juche along with de‒Sovietization, research on the history of the anti‒Japanese armed struggle began in earnest. The history of the anti‒Japanese armed struggle were usually published in the form of a literary genre called ‘Ocherk’. Schools and education networks at all levels performed ‘the revolutionary traditions’ and communism education using them in the form of collective arts and rituals. Under the ‘revolutionary tradition’ and communist education, a hierarchical structure was formed in which departmental education such as history education and literature education were divided into subcategories. This shows that the history of North Korea’s anti‒Japanese armed struggle has shifted from the realm of science dealing with the interpretation of facts to the realm of ideological art and propaganda to produce and spread specific narratives.
This study examines the origins of the formation of historical narratives centered on Kim Il‒sung’s family line through analysis of changes in the education of anti‒Japanese armed struggle history in North Korea in the 1950s and early 1960s. North Korea’s history and history education pursued so‒called ‘historical science’ based on historical materialism. In the mid‒1950s, as North Korea emphasized the establishment of Juche along with de‒Sovietization, research on the history of the anti‒Japanese armed struggle began in earnest. The history of the anti‒Japanese armed struggle were usually published in the form of a literary genre called ‘Ocherk’. Schools and education networks at all levels performed ‘the revolutionary traditions’ and communism education using them in the form of collective arts and rituals. Under the ‘revolutionary tradition’ and communist education, a hierarchical structure was formed in which departmental education such as history education and literature education were divided into subcategories. This shows that the history of North Korea’s anti‒Japanese armed struggle has shifted from the realm of science dealing with the interpretation of facts to the realm of ideological art and propaganda to produce and spread specific narratives.
