《레닌기치(Lenin Gichi)》 신문은 ‘재소한인’ 연구의 주요 자료로 활용되어 왔다. 이 신문은 50년 넘게 중앙아시아 지역에서 발행된 대표적인 순한글 고려인 신문으로, 러시아지역 한국학 연구를 위해 주로 활용되었으나, 재외동포의 민족어 또는 계승어(heritage Language) 연구를 위한 자료로도 가치가 있다. 본 연구에서는 러시아지역의 한국어 활용을 고찰하기 위해 《레닌기치》 기사 중 독자들이 한글을 이해할 수 있도록 어휘를 뜻과 함께 연재한 「독자사전」을 분석하였다.
분석의 첫 단계로 《레닌기치》 창간 전까지 러시아지역에서 고려인이 발행한 한글 신문의 발행 동향을 살펴봄으로써 《레닌기치》 발행의 배경에 대한 이해를 돕고자 하였고, 다음으로 《레닌기치》의 특징에 대해 살펴보았다. 다음 단계로 독자가 기사를 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 연재한 「독자사전」의 일반적 특성과 사전적(辭典的)인 정보를 고찰하였다. 일반적 특성으로는 「독자사전」의 수록 빈도, 수록 시기, 어휘 수, 배열 등을, 사전적 정보로는 어휘풀이, 품사, 어휘의 범주 등을 고찰하였다.
분석 결과, 발행기간 동안 약 1,221개 어휘가 소개되어 기간에 비해 소개된 어휘의 숫자는 많지는 않았다. 소개된 어휘는 명사가 다수였고, 한문 표기가 불가능한 한글 신문이라는 한계 때문에 한자어의 소개 비중도 높았다. 전문어보다는 일반어가 많았고 다양한 범주의 어휘를 소개하였다. 소개 어휘의 풀이를 위해 참고한 자료를 모두 파악하기는 어려웠으나 일부 시기의 경우는 당시 북한에서 발행된 사전을 참고하여 소개된 것으로 보였다. 분석의 과정에서 한국어, 러시아어, 거주국 언어라는 다중적인 언어 상황에 놓였던 고려인들이 자신의 민족어를 유지하고 언어 능력을 성장시키는 일이 결코 쉽지 않았음을 발견할 수 있었다.
본 연구는 재외동포가 해외에서 생산한 한글 자료에 대한 분석의 시도로, 러시아지역 재외동포사 및 재외동포 문화사 관점에서도 의미가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 점은 앞으로 재외동포 한국어 교육에 시사하는 바가 크다.
The “Lenin Gichi” newspaper has been used as a major source of research on ‘Koreans in the Soviet Union’. It was a representative Goryeoin newspaper published entirely in Korean across Central Asia for over 50 years. It was mainly used for Korean Studies in Russia region, but it is also valuable as a data for studying the National Language or Inheritage Language of overseas Koreans. In this study, the ‘Reader’s Dictionary’, which is one of columns of “Lenin Gichi” to enhance the readers’ comprehension of articles by introducing Korean vocabularies and explaining their meaning, was analyzed to examine the use of Korean language in the Russia region. As the first step of the analysis, the trend of Korean newspapers published by Goryeoin in Russia region during the period when “Lenin Gichi” was not published and the characteristics of “Lenin Gichi” were reviewed. The next step was to identify the general characteristics and the information from a dictionary perspective of the ‘Reader’s Dictionary’. The general characteristics included publication frequency, publication trend per month, the number of vocabularies published, and the arrangement of the column. The information from the dictionary point of view dealt with the interpretation of the meaning of the vocabulary, the word class, and the category of vocabularies. As a result of the analysis, almost 1,221 vocabularies were introduced from all the columns in the newspapers, but the number of vocabularies was not large considering the publication period. Among the introduced vocabularies, the proportion of nouns was high, and the vocabularies based on Chinese characters were frequently introduced due to the limitation of the newspaper written only in Korean without Chinese characters. There were more general and ordinary vocabularies rather than professional ones, and the introduced vocabularies covered a wide spectrum of categories. It seemed difficult to maintain and expand their National Language in the multilingual situation of Korean, Russian, and the language of the country of residence.
The “Lenin Gichi” newspaper has been used as a major source of research on ‘Koreans in the Soviet Union’. It was a representative Goryeoin newspaper published entirely in Korean across Central Asia for over 50 years. It was mainly used for Korean Studies in Russia region, but it is also valuable as a data for studying the National Language or Inheritage Language of overseas Koreans. In this study, the ‘Reader’s Dictionary’, which is one of columns of “Lenin Gichi” to enhance the readers’ comprehension of articles by introducing Korean vocabularies and explaining their meaning, was analyzed to examine the use of Korean language in the Russia region. As the first step of the analysis, the trend of Korean newspapers published by Goryeoin in Russia region during the period when “Lenin Gichi” was not published and the characteristics of “Lenin Gichi” were reviewed. The next step was to identify the general characteristics and the information from a dictionary perspective of the ‘Reader’s Dictionary’. The general characteristics included publication frequency, publication trend per month, the number of vocabularies published, and the arrangement of the column. The information from the dictionary point of view dealt with the interpretation of the meaning of the vocabulary, the word class, and the category of vocabularies. As a result of the analysis, almost 1,221 vocabularies were introduced from all the columns in the newspapers, but the number of vocabularies was not large considering the publication period. Among the introduced vocabularies, the proportion of nouns was high, and the vocabularies based on Chinese characters were frequently introduced due to the limitation of the newspaper written only in Korean without Chinese characters. There were more general and ordinary vocabularies rather than professional ones, and the introduced vocabularies covered a wide spectrum of categories. It seemed difficult to maintain and expand their National Language in the multilingual situation of Korean, Russian, and the language of the country of residence.
