이 글은 분단과 건국, 전쟁이 지역 사회에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가를 살펴보고자 한다. 일반적으로 근대 국가 형성과정에서 공업화가 전통 사회를 변모시켰다고 가정한다. 그러나 한국에서는 1960, 70년대의 공업화에 앞서 전쟁이 전통 사회를 바꾸는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 이러한 문제 의식에 따라 서울과는 비교적 가까우면서도 휴전선 접경지대역인 인천시 강화군 교동면을 여러 차례 현지조사하였다. 구술자와의 면담 과정에서 건국과 전쟁을 거치면서 지역사회의 지정학적인 변화를 발견하게 되었고, 그 변화는 지역 권력관계의 변화의 결과였다.
한국전쟁 시기 교동은 다른 지역과 비슷하게 좌우 대결과 학살 사건, 수많은 월남인과 월북인 등이 발생하였다. 그런 과정에서 교동은 바다와 항구를 배경으로 열린 공간에서, 섬이 철책과 반공으로 봉쇄당한 닫힌 공간으로 변모되었고, 또한 전통적 권력이 해체되면서 면소재지가 이동하게 되었다. 21세기 교동에 탈냉전의 훈풍이 들어가기 위해서는 철책이 걷히고, 바다가 열려야 한다. 세계적 탈냉전의 시간 속에서 교동 주민이 살게 되기 위해서는 한반도에 진정한 냉전 해체와 화해의 시대가 개막되어야 한다.
This paper tries to find how the division, the founding of a state, and the war in the Korean Peninsula effected changes to a small regional society. Generally speaking, industrialization made a great contribution to changing traditional societies into modern states and it caused the rush of rural population into urban areas. But one of the most important factors that had affected the traditional Korean community in advance of industrialization in 1960~70s was the Korean war. According to this supposition, I have investigated several periods of Gyodong-myeon(Gyodong island), Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, an island nearest to the western point of cease-fire zone in South Korea. While interviewing 25 interviewees, I found the high correlation between the Korean War and regional geopolitics. The geopolitical change was due to change of regional power relationship. Similar to the other regions during the Korean War, there were lots of accidents between the left and right wing, genocide, many Wolnamin who were displaced from the North to South Korea and Wolbukin who were displaced from the South to North Korea in small Gyodong island. During the war, that area was changed from an open to a closed island enclaved by iron fence and anti-communism, and its traditional powers were forced to be dissolved. And the island's center which the powers including the great land owners lived in, was changed into an ordinary village and the center moved to the another site, where many anti-communists and Wolnamins gathered rapidly. If a warm wind is rising in Gyodong island in the age of the post cold war, first of all the iron fence of the division has to be broken away and closed waters should be opened.
This paper tries to find how the division, the founding of a state, and the war in the Korean Peninsula effected changes to a small regional society. Generally speaking, industrialization made a great contribution to changing traditional societies into modern states and it caused the rush of rural population into urban areas. But one of the most important factors that had affected the traditional Korean community in advance of industrialization in 1960~70s was the Korean war. According to this supposition, I have investigated several periods of Gyodong-myeon(Gyodong island), Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, an island nearest to the western point of cease-fire zone in South Korea. While interviewing 25 interviewees, I found the high correlation between the Korean War and regional geopolitics. The geopolitical change was due to change of regional power relationship. Similar to the other regions during the Korean War, there were lots of accidents between the left and right wing, genocide, many Wolnamin who were displaced from the North to South Korea and Wolbukin who were displaced from the South to North Korea in small Gyodong island. During the war, that area was changed from an open to a closed island enclaved by iron fence and anti-communism, and its traditional powers were forced to be dissolved. And the island's center which the powers including the great land owners lived in, was changed into an ordinary village and the center moved to the another site, where many anti-communists and Wolnamins gathered rapidly. If a warm wind is rising in Gyodong island in the age of the post cold war, first of all the iron fence of the division has to be broken away and closed waters should be opened.
