현재까지 조선후기 궁방에 대한 인식은 식민지기 일본인의 견해에서 크게 벗어나지 못하는 수준에 머물러 있었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계상황을 탈피하고자 궁방의 실체에 대한 본격적인 탐구를 행하였다. 궁방에 대한 기존 인식을 비판적으로 검토하고, 궁방 및 궁방전 연구의 확대 재생산을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 특히 당대의 물류가 집결된 서울에서의 궁방의 존재형태를 명확히 함으로써, 조선후기 사회변동을 농업, 상업, 재정의 상호 관련 속에서 입체적으로 조망할 수 있는 기틀을 마련하였다.
우선 궁방에 대한 정의와 분류를 새로이 함으로써 특히 왕실의 재정을 담당한 내탕으로서 내수사, 수진궁, 명례궁, 용동궁, 어의궁의 1사4궁을 주요한 분석 대상으로 설정하였다. 내수사는 대전의 내탕 기능을 불변으로 유지하였으나, 나머지 4궁은 왕실 구성의 변화에 따라 소관전궁이 윤회되는 방식으로 운영되고 있었음을 확인하였다.
1사4궁은 도성 내에 위치하였기에 왕실 내탕으로서의 업무를 원활히 수행할 수 있었으며, 내부공간도 재정관리 위주로 구성되어 있었다. 조직에 있어서도 계층별로 업무가 분담되는 형식의 정연한 체제를 갖추고 있었으며, 궁의 관리를 담당한 중상층은 대체로 내시와 상궁 또는 그 일족에 의해 장악되고 있었다. 하층 궁속들은 궁의 내부 또는 인접한 지역에 거주하면서 서울의 주민으로서 국역체제의 일부를 구성하고 있었다.
This paper criticized the concept of Kungbang (宮房, Royal Family House) which was summarized by Japanese official Wada Ichiro (和田一郞) in the colonial period of Chosŏn Korea as today’s recognition of Kungbang has never been improved from Wada’s. And then the reality of Kungbangs is investigated by collecting raw documents which tell us more information about them. By definition and classification of Kungbangs, ilsasagung (一司四宮), Ever- Lasting Royal houses, were selected as the main research object. They are naet’ang (內帑) such as Naesusa (內需司), Sujin-gung (壽進宮), Myŏngryegung (明禮宮), Yongdonggung (龍洞宮), and Ŏŭigung (於義宮). The reality of naet’ang tells us that the allotting principle of functions between those agencies is a kind of rotation for Queen, Queen Mother, and so on with the exception of Naesusa which was only for King. Where they were located and how the inner space of them was composed make us understand the function of them for procuring materials and goods to palaces of Royal family. The location of Kungbangs was close to palaces or Seoul markets, so the procuring process was easy to be worked. And the buildings of Kungbangs were composed of offices or warehouses to complete procuring activities. The officials of Kungbangs was basically citizens of the capital, Seoul. The hierarchy of them was systematically organized and their task was allocated orderly to one another. The upper-class administrative position was composed of eunuches and court ladies and the middle-class staffs were usually their families or relatives. And the lower-class officials were servants who lived in the vicinity of their office, Kungbang.
This paper criticized the concept of Kungbang (宮房, Royal Family House) which was summarized by Japanese official Wada Ichiro (和田一郞) in the colonial period of Chosŏn Korea as today’s recognition of Kungbang has never been improved from Wada’s. And then the reality of Kungbangs is investigated by collecting raw documents which tell us more information about them. By definition and classification of Kungbangs, ilsasagung (一司四宮), Ever- Lasting Royal houses, were selected as the main research object. They are naet’ang (內帑) such as Naesusa (內需司), Sujin-gung (壽進宮), Myŏngryegung (明禮宮), Yongdonggung (龍洞宮), and Ŏŭigung (於義宮). The reality of naet’ang tells us that the allotting principle of functions between those agencies is a kind of rotation for Queen, Queen Mother, and so on with the exception of Naesusa which was only for King. Where they were located and how the inner space of them was composed make us understand the function of them for procuring materials and goods to palaces of Royal family. The location of Kungbangs was close to palaces or Seoul markets, so the procuring process was easy to be worked. And the buildings of Kungbangs were composed of offices or warehouses to complete procuring activities. The officials of Kungbangs was basically citizens of the capital, Seoul. The hierarchy of them was systematically organized and their task was allocated orderly to one another. The upper-class administrative position was composed of eunuches and court ladies and the middle-class staffs were usually their families or relatives. And the lower-class officials were servants who lived in the vicinity of their office, Kungbang.
