HSOA Journal of Plant Science Current Research Collection and Conservation of Local Types of Moringa ( Moringa oleifera (L.) Trees for Good Sources of Traditional Vegetable

Moringa Trees for Sources of Traditional Vegetable. Abstract With an objective to conserve the best local types for future gen- eration and purpose of these trees protected from extinction due to national high ways road expansion by the government and local bodies. The collection was made in and around our college about 15 km radius found small tree uniformly good Moring a types are cul- tivating as kitchen garden tree in front and backside of the home where tribal areas of Tiruvannamalai district. Continues concentra-tion of tagged trees for three years study related to growth habits, fruiting capacity, taste of fruits and market value of fruits, the green pod yield assessment was recorded from the marked trees. Among the tagged trees over three years study, the Vahavachanur 1. Pe- runduraipattu3, Michealpuram 5, Moongilduraipattu 1 and Vanapuram 3 trees qualities are better for rganoleptically culinary vegetable purpose and also Vzhavachanur1 tree found offseason bearing than other areas trees inclusing selected trees. The off season bearing trees were marked among tagged trees. The organoleptic test was also carried out in the selected trees and best trees were selected and planted in the college premises for follow up study. The culture VVNR-019-001 local is identified for best performing genotype. It is a selection from the Vazhavachanur village of Thiruvannamalai, Dis-trict. This Moringa is perennial, short type, cluster bearing, annual type and drought resistant with the high yield of 600-800 fruits per year and it is most suitable for culinary , vegetable soup, green leafy, powder making and also suitable for cattle feed . It is drought resistant, heavy fruit-bearing, pest and disease resistant types with retaining all the leaf and fruit qualities.


Introduction
Moringa (Moringa oleifera (L.)) belonging to the family moringaceae is a softwood tree, native of India, occurring wild in the sub-Himalayan regions of Northern India and now grown worldwide in the tropics and sub-tropics. The cultivation of Moringa in India occurs mainly in the southern states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. Principally perennial types have been known for cultivation for a very long time. However, perennial types are best with many advantages to give year around yield. In India it is grown all over the subcontinent for its tender pods and also for its leaves and flowers. The pod of Moringa is a very popular vegetable in South Indian cuisine and valued for their distinctly inviting flavor. The tree has vitamins, minerals and medicinal values. Moringa attracted very strong place among Tamil family through Tamil cinema. Generally the moringa tree is used in Sidha Medicine. Mostly consumed as leafy vegetable including pods for culinary purpose. It is having medicinal value. It has lot of nutrients like carbohydrate, fibre, protein , fat and salt apart from these VitaminA, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, VitaminC, Vitamin B1 thiamin,B12, Vitamin B6 and Ribofavin. Minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium, Iron and Zinc are present in the Moringa plants. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is an essential water soluble vitamin present in moringa support to cure that has been found to be low in IBD patients, The wound healing effects of vitamin C are particularly important source available in Moringa. During road expansion traditional types of Moringa has been removed by the road workers , to review same genotypes for future human use the conservation is necessarily has been done in nearby Agricultural College and Research institute.

Materials and Methods
In locally available traditional types of 150 trees were marked in 10 villages namely Vazhavachanur, moongilthuraipattu, Michealpuram, Kottaiyur, Sadhakuppam, Vanapuram, Perunduraipattu, Anthoniyarpuram, Vadaponparappi, and Thandrampattu and 15 genotypes were selected and marked given number to each tree from 1 to 15 bearing their respective village names.

Abstract
With an objective to conserve the best local types for future generation and purpose of these trees protected from extinction due to national high ways road expansion by the government and local bodies. The collection was made in and around our college about 15 km radius found small tree uniformly good Moringa types are cultivating as kitchen garden tree in front and backside of the home where tribal areas of Tiruvannamalai district. Continues concentration of tagged trees for three years study related to growth habits, fruiting capacity, taste of fruits and market value of fruits, the green pod yield assessment was recorded from the marked trees. Among the tagged trees over three years study, the Vahavachanur 1. Pe-runduraipattu3, Michealpuram 5, Moongilduraipattu 1 and Vanapuram 3 trees qualities are better for rganoleptically culinary vegetable purpose and also Vzhavachanur1 tree found offseason bearing than other areas trees inclusing selected trees. The off season bearing trees were marked among tagged trees. The organoleptic test was also carried out in the selected trees and best trees were selected and planted in the college premises for follow up study. The culture VVNR-019-001 local is identified for best performing genotype. It is a selection from the Vazhavachanur village of Thiruvannamalai, District. This Moringa is perennial, short type, cluster bearing, annual type and drought resistant with the high yield of 600-800 fruits per year and it is most suitable for culinary , vegetable soup, green leafy, powder making and also suitable for cattle feed . It is drought resistant, heavy fruit-bearing, pest and disease resistant types with retaining all the leaf and fruit qualities. Flower type is irregular and colour is white with greenish base and anthesis time is 6.00 am to 12.00 pm. Number of fruits per cluster is 5 -10. Pods pendulous ( Figure 1), brown, triangular, splitting lengthwise into 3 parts when dry, 42 cm long, 1.8 cm wide, containing about 18 seeds embedded in the pith. Pod tapering at both ends, 9 ribbed seeds dark brown with 3 papery wings (Figure 2). Vegetable pod colour is green. Pod weight of 100 g with 4 cm girth with the yield of 500-800 fruits per year (Figure 3).
Trees can be maintained upto 10 years. The above characters almost elaborately explained as M. oleifera is a fast-growing, deciduous tree that can reach a height of 10-12 m and trunk diameter of 45 cm. The bark has a whitish grey colour and is surrounded by thick cork. Young shoots have purplish or greenish white, hairy bark. The tree has an open crown of drooping, fragile branches and the leaves build up feathery f oliage of tripinnate leaves. The flowers are fragrant and hermaphroditic, surrounded by five unequal, thinly veined, yellowish white petals. The flowers are about 1.0-1.5 cm long and 2.0 cm broad. They grow on slender, hairy stalks in spreading or drooping flower clusters which have a length of 10-25 cm. Flowering begins within the first six months after planting. In seasonally cool regions, flowering only occurs once a year between April and June. In more constant seasonal temperatures and with constant rainfall, flowering can happen twice or even all year round. The fruit is a hanging, three sided brown capsule of 20-45 cm size which holds dark brown, globular seeds with a diameter around 1 cm. The seeds have three whitish papery wings and are dispersed by wind and water.In cultivation, it is often cut back annually to 1-2 m and allowed to re grow so the pods and leaves remain within arm's reach in wikipedia.org/wiki/Moringa oleifera and also reported revealed the same results by [1][2][3][4][5]. Plant parts are Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, Pods, Roots , Bark, Gum, Oil from seeds in drumstick report have been agreed by [6].
Moringa leaf having Antioxidant activity and total phenol content.

Conclusion
The traditional local types of Moringa genotypes were evaluated for many characters and protected and conserved extinction Moringa trees at Government Agricultural College for future generation use. Off season bearing with high yielding types were conserved.