RELATION OF POWER-KNOWLEDGE IN BALI MANDARA DISCOURSE

Bali has great potentials in its beautiful nature and unique culture, which the government uses as an opportunity to implement regional development using the concept of Bali Mandara. This study aims to find out why the development of Bali province applying the concepts of Bali Mandara becomes a polemic for some Balinese, the existence of a power-knowledge relation in the concept of Bali Mandara discourse, and the implications of the development process implementing the Bali Mandara program. The data were analyzed using power-knowledge relation theory and generative structure. The results showed pros and cons in the planning and implementation of the development of the Bali Province. The rules and policies arranged in Regional Regulations (Perda) to support Bali's development are power-knowledge relations that the government applies to achieve the goals. Bali Mandara program has been implemented in less than a decade. Various benefits are the fundamental basis for the readiness of the Balinese to face a better future.


INTRODUCTION
Bali is familiar with the Island of the God (Pulau Dewata) with excellent tourism potential, which attracted the world. Geographically, it only has an area of 0.29% of the territory of Indonesia. In the 2020 population census, the population was around 4.32 million people. This condition indeed cannot be separated from the impact of Bali's development in recent years. The potential of beautiful nature and its unique culture lead Bali to become an international tourism destination. It makes Bali possess a variety of names, such as the Island of Heaven, the Island of a Thousand Temples, and the Island of Peace (Suharja, 2016: 66).
Recently, the concept of modern tourism has led and dominated the development of the Bali Region through various policies issued by the government. In addition, the Bali Mandara is a concept of a developed, safe, peaceful, and prosperous Bali. There is much resistance from some Balinese. This paper focuses on the existence of power-knowledge relations in the Bali Mandara discourse. There has been a great deal of interest both in the formulation of the Bali Mandara concept and in the ongoing development process in Bali for several years. Furthermore, this research will also explore what people want for Bali itself because there are suspicions of the many voices or aspirations of the people, which are contrary to the Bali Mandara discourse.

CONCEPT AND THEORIES
The concepts used in this study are Discourse, Power, Knowledge, and Bali Mandara. Discourse is a language that becomes a social event, providing a language for making statements about specific topics in certain historical periods (Haryatmoko, 2017:3-4). Discourse is also a sea of words, languages used in various circumstances (Ankersmit, 1987: 308). Power operates through means, techniques, mechanisms (Barker, 2014:231).
The meaning of power in Cultural Studies is not repressive power, political structure, master and servant, government, and dominant social class, but a powerful strategy in which power is practiced, accepted and seen as truth. Human knowledge is nothing more  (Adian, 2002: 20). Knowledge is always linked to power, the link that strengthens each other. Bali Mandara, formulated by the Governor of Bali, Mangku Pastika, is a developed, safe, peaceful, and prosperous Bali.
This paper uses the power-knowledge relation and generative structure theories.
According to Michael Foucault, the concept of power is one dimension and relation. Where there is a relationship, there is a power (Sutrisno and Putranto, 2005: 146). Foucault links power with knowledge, so power produces knowledge, and knowledge provides power.
Power does not always work through oppression and repression, but also the regulation implemented by the government using Bali Mandara discourse. Accidentally, power operates in the network of public awareness. Because power does not come from the outside, but it determines the structure, rules, and relationships from the inside. Foucault stated that power is always actualized through knowledge, and knowledge always has a powerful effect. Bourdieu's generative structural theory tries to understand the social structure of society and the changes and developments that occurred in it. In Bourdieu's opinion, social analysis always aims to reveal the structures of economic domination and the government's symbolic domination through Bali Mandara discourse. The structure is the rules that are formed and exist that affect the habitual development of an individual.
The people are not only invited to participate in following the directions and programs launched by the government and work so organized with awareness for their necessities.
In this condition, there is a dialectical relationship between the structure and how individuals construct their social reality.

RESEARCH METHODS
The design of the research is a qualitative method in which the participants were observed and interviewed without selecting purposive informants and document studies.
This qualitative research method emphasizes in-depth descriptions that are emic, ethical, and holistic (Saifuddin, 2005: 89-91). The method used by Cultural Studies researchers is known as the naturalistic method due to its real condition. Therefore, qualitative research does not only describe socio-cultural phenomena, but also finds out the ideology hidden behind them (Ratna, 2010: 94-95). It was described in the form of words, language in a special context that is natural and by utilizing various natural methods (Moleong, 2010: 6). Behind it all, it is undeniable that Bali is an Indonesian province that relies primarily on tourism for a living. Bali has its charms in the tourism sector due to its natural beauty and distinct culture, and it is the backbone of the national tourism industry. Moreover, the benefits of tourism, Bali has reached a fork in the road in its future.

E-Journal of Cultural Studies
Tourism is a two-edged sword that forces Bali to choose between a source of income and devastation of Balinese nature and culture. For the sake of tourism, the generic culture of Bali has been sacrificed based on the knowledge that tourism is for Bali, not Bali for tourism (Picard, 2006:185). Local cultural wisdom, which promotes the preservation of both nature and the environment and the realization of the concept of Tri   Discourse is a knowledge system that provides information about social techniques and governing techniques which are forms of power in modern society.
This is also an act of government language directed at the truth that occurs not only in scientific reasoning. But also colloquial language as used in meetings, political speeches, and discussions in various circumstances. Not only that, the provincial government of Bali also uses knowledge in the implementation of numerous development projects through the utilization of power relations. Knowledge is inextricably linked to power, a bond that does not cancel out but rather strengthens it. Armed with the knowledge of psychology, a person has the power to judge the mental state of others.
That power is hidden in the performance of feelings, love, awareness, and instincts (Kebung, 2002: 34). Human knowledge is nothing more than a metaphor, the objectivity of knowledge is only fiction, to hide real perspectives and interests. Every discourse has a link between its expression, the information that underpins it, and the power dynamics that function behind it. Every discourse is integrated with the power that operates behind it and also cannot be separated from the power relations hidden behind it which are the product of the practice of power (Piliang, 2004:223).
Regional development in Bali cannot be isolated from the participation of the Balinese people as a whole, including the executive's role in government management.
In terms of infrastructure development, Mangku Pastika, the Governor of Bali, is particularly concerned on the Bali Mandara Toll Road, the Ngurah Rai, and Dewa Ruci Intersection Underpass projects. Moreover, the reclamation of Benoa Bay, which allows investors to neglect environmental issues and cultural values, is a government dominance practice that occurs while carrying out the Bali Mandara program. The tug of war between the political interests of the elite, both at the center and at the regional level, will undoubtedly color every decision-making (Dwipayana, 2010: 5).

Implications of the Implementation of the Bali Mandara Development on Pulau
Dewata (the Island of the Gods) In less than a decade since the concept of Bali Mandara was implemented, various forms of implementation have been carried out, and the benefits are felt which are fundamentally the basis for the readiness of the Balinese people to face a better future. This is due to the fact that tourism is a very substantial contributor to the economy of Bali Province and is particularly sensitive in terms of absorbing workers.