TOURISM IMPACT ON SOCIAL CULTURE COMMUNITY IN THE NUSA PENID TOURISM AREA

The growth of tourism in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area has an impact on the socio-cultural environment due to the development of tourism supporting facilities and infrastructure. Sociocultural spaces also experience pressure due to conflicts of interest in the use of sacred areas for tourism, resulting in a process of desacralization. Social interactions are declining and arrogance is increasing at some tourist attraction points. Some physical spaces have become economic spaces. Road border, roadside, coast have become economic space. The way of thinking has been hegemony by the interests to get more economic access. The construction of the mind is filled with capitalist desires. Arrogance and ego between groups began to be seen in each particular area. The narrowing of social and cultural space has increased the critical power of the community towards the use of the area, especially spaces that are related to religion. Fighting egoism and social cultural conflict to catch up with the material culture. The social and cultural life of the Nusa Penida people is forced to adapt to material cultures. So fast tourism to Nusa Penida leaves the mindset, knowledge and culture that has been developing in the Nusa Penida community.


INTRODUCTION
Nusa Penida stores a variety of tourism products such as nature tourism, spiritual tourism, water tourism with various activities in it including diving tourism, snorkeling, fishing and adventure tourism. In 2018, accommodation and tourism attractions have grown rapidly including; 313 villas and hotels, 32 transportation facilities for sea transportation, 30 bars for restaurants, 131 for restaurants, 17 for spas and 25 for diving. The growth of tourism has opened people's insights about the outside world, due to the ongoing interaction between local residents with foreign or domestic tourists (Muthahharah et al., 2014). Changes in

E-Journal of Cultural Studies
August 2020 Vol. 13, Number 3, Page 1-7 DOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) ISSN 2338-2449 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ 2 people's perceptions of the economic, social and environmental development of tourism are impacts that must be a concern, because the community plays an important role in the sustainability of tourism (Andereck et al., 2005).
The impacts of tourism on the community and tourist destination areas include: socioeconomic impacts, socio-cultural impacts, and environmental impacts (Pitana and Gayatri, 2005). The growth of tourism in Nusa Penida tourism has eroded the social, economic and cultural spaces of the community, even eroded the physical space that should be used as an environmental buffer diverted for tourism development. Violations of the edge of the abyss, rice fields are converted to tourism purposes, even the sanctity of the sanctity of the holy place is ignored for the interests of tourism capitalists (Sudipa, 2014).

RESEARCH METHOD
The approach in this study follows the steps of qualitative research work. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained through direct observation and recording in the field, discussions and interviews Secondary data obtained by looking for various sources, such as the results of previous research, literature studies and reports and documents from various agencies related to the research field.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the conception of Balinese beliefs in general, Nusa Penida Island is known as an island thick with mystical nuances. This conception is legitimized by the existence of a number of holy sites or temples as places where supernatural forces such as Dalem Ratu Gede Mecaling reside in Dalem Ped and Dalem Sawang Temples in Puncak Mundi Temple, and a number of other temples that serve as places of worship for the gods and ancestors. The existence of such a conception of faith causes almost every inch of land in Nusa Penida to be seen as having sacred and haunted values, so that it arouses much interest from the outside community to take on tirtayatra or a spiritual journey to this island.
This phenomenon is a classic example that shows how religious practices carry a number of implications on the socio-cultural and economic aspects of the community in Nusa Penida. Such a strong belief in the Balinese community caused many devotees from outside Nusa Penida to perform tirtayatra as a classic example that shows mystical religious practices leading to economic consequences. The character of the Nusa Penida region which is dry, Tourism has played a vital role in the economic context. Economic activities in the service sector such as trade, both selling local consumer goods and tourism, tend to develop along the main road, even reaching rural areas. This economic activity is marked by the construction of shops, art shops (restaurants), restaurants and other small stalls, causing spaces that were originally empty along the main road edge to become congested with the building. The traditional basic pattern as a reflection of the structure of village settlements is gradually becoming increasingly blurred (Sudipa, 2014).
The area most affected by tourism activities is the coastal region. The use of coastal spatial patterns has been violated for economic purposes. Almost along the coast of Nusa Penida has been exploited and commodified into economic space, although in violation of  Arrogance and ego between groups began to be seen in each particular area. The narrowing of social and cultural space has increased the critical power of the community towards the use of the area, especially spaces that are related to religion. Conflicts began to appear between community groups and investors related to land use and the sanctity of the temple. Increasing tourist arrivals to Nusa Penida cause entrepreneurs to compete in building accommodation and enjoying the tourism cake, even though tourism is very vulnerable to various issues, such as security issues, natural disasters and disease issues. Socio-cultural components in macro sociology consist of ideological superstructure components, social structure, and material infrastructure. Superstructure sub-components are more difficult to change than social structure sub-components and social structure subcomponents are more difficult to change than material infrastructure. Socio-cultural changes can be influenced by internal factors such as population growth and development, new discoveries, conflicts, and power and external factors in the form of external culture (including technology), invasion, and ecology (Sanderson, 2003). In the development of tourism, an environmental management and monitoring system is needed based on the balance of the environment, social life and culture. Tourism is not merely pursuing financial benefits but goes hand in hand with improving the quality of the environment, increasing welfare and equitable distribution of income and preserving the culture of the local community. On the one hand tourism brings income and on the other hand tourism is a threat to environmental sustainability and the social and cultural life of the people. Tourism development systems must pay attention to the balance between environmental conservation by involving local institutions. The environmental governance system is carried out using approaches that emphasize privatization and entrepreneurship which lead to the formation of capitalism (Maribeth Erb, 2012).
In the level of social and cultural superstructure, it is difficult to change. The people of Nusa Penida still adhere to local cultural values such as the philosophy of tri hita karana and hold fast to beliefs while adhering to the ancestral religion. However, at the level of social structure, the intensity of change seems to increase as traditional social strata prioritize aspects of humanity and mutual respect. In the field of education is progressing rapidly, and in the socio-political field is not fanatical about party ideology that divides the community and tends to cause horizontal conflict, but has led to the ideology of how to bring order, justice, commodities) and impacts on the environment such as pollution, traffic congestion (Pizam and Milman, 1984).
The results of discussions with community groups and tourism activists in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area formulated a number of impacts arising from the development of tourism on social culture in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area as follows: The development of massive tourism has an impact on the erosion of the value of the social and cultural environment including the physical environment because of the waning of mythology and local wisdom.
1. The waning of social spaces because of the strengthening of tourism.
2. The narrowing of cultural and religious spaces because they have been pushed into tourism space.
3. Social conflict and increased arrogance between community groups due to sectoral and regional egos.
4. The decline in cultural values due to the commercialization of culture for the benefit of tourism.

CONCLUSION
The development of tourism has an impact on the erosion of the value of the social and cultural environment, due to the waning of mythology and local wisdom, the waning of

E-Journal of Cultural Studies
August 2020 Vol. 13, Number 3, Page 1-7 DOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) ISSN 2338-2449 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ 7 social spaces, the narrowing of cultural and religious spaces, social conflict and increasing arrogance between community groups and the decline of cultural values.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thank you to the doctoral study program at the Udayana University, which has provided the opportunity to attend lectures, thanks also to the respondents and the Nusa Penida community who have helped in the implementation of this research.