POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI

After the coming of globalization flow and ideology of capitalism in Ner Order around 1970s and 1980s until reformation era in 1998 up to now, power relation of punggawa-sawi resulted in hegemony on the group of sawi that had the impact on economic imbalance in the life of Bajo ethnics. This research is a qualitative method. Next, this research used a qualitative method with technique of snowball according to the purpose and objective of research. Result of this research showed that in forming power relation and hegemony of the group of punggawa is done not only directly in recruiting sawi as the worker to collect sea product, but also do the power and hegemony through another punggawa, through capital restriction and restrain of trade. In addition, manipulating regulation of government, power relation and hegemony through trader outside and through security apparatus are also done in recruiting sawi with the purpose of pursuing economic profit. Ideology of capitalism and religiousity is the supporting factor of hegemony towards sawi to happen. In this case, power relation between punggawa and sawi has the implication on ideological aspect that also influences system of knowledge of Bajo ethnics. Besides, this thing also has the implication on economic aspect, namely inegality of incoming between punggawa with sawi, political aspect, namely the involvement of the group of punggawa in practical politic, and has the implication in practical poliytics and has the implicatin on the condition of social stratification in which the change on the system of socil stratification happens on the society of Bajo ethnics.


INTRODUCTION
In the light of economic aspect, societal life of Bajo ethnics at Tiworo Archipelago, North Tiworo District, West Muna Regency constitutes the relation of patron-client between the capital owner and worker that is usually called with the term of "punggawa-sawi". In analyzing the power relation between punggawa and sawi during New Order in 1970s and 1980s and the coming of reformation era in 1998 up to now with globalization flow and capitalism that is increasingly strong did not make the change totally on the life of Bajo ethnics. One of which that is still inherent in economic life as their cultural heritage is the E-Journal of Cultural Studies August 2018Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32 DOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015 ISSN 2338-2449 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ 24 relationship of patron-client between capital owner/production leader and worker that is usually called by Bajo ethnics in South and Southeast Sulawesi with the term of punggawasawi. The word of punggawa is similirized with leader or boss. This term is used to describe the relationship in the broad scope between superior and subordinate that is accompanied with personal bonds. The term of sawi is the complement of punggawa that can be interpreted as the subordinate or the person having personal relationship with the superior. This research uses a power relation theory of Foucault to study the forms of power relation between the interest supporter namely punggawa (rural government and entrepreneur of sea product collector) and society of fishermen of sawi and influence of modernization towards ideology of group of punggawa and sawi. This research also employed a theory of capital of Bourdieu. This theory is used not only to see the form of power relation, but also to study the implication that happens in power relation of punggawa-sawi on fishermen of Bajo ethnics at North Tiworo District, West Muna Regency.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The forms of the power relation of fishermen's activities mentioned above are as follows. The form of working-relation also happens between small punggawa with his sawi.
Small punggawa is the punggawa given capital by big punggawa to be managed with the purpose of enlarging his working-area. The task of small punggawa is recruiting the group of sawi or traditional small fishermen to work to punggawa. The direct recruitement of sawi that is done by small punggawa is the strategy done to create their own fishermen in their own region in collecting sea products like Tasipi Village, Bero Village, Tiga Village, and all villages at North Tiworo District. This is carried out not only to expand working-relation, but also to fulfill their production necessity including how the small punggawa as the mediator of big punggawa can become the relation and hegemonize the distribution areas of fishermen of sawi to be made the worker in collecting sea products.
The target of small punggawa in doing the recruitement of sawi to do the activity of fish-catching is the group of small fishermen that works individually either they who use traditional boat by using sticking-machine or traditional boat by using oar or they who do not have catching-tools.
The way done by small punggawa is by giving additional capital loan for the fishermen of sawi who have had the business of catching previously according to their needs.
Whereas, for sawi who begins their business for the first time is given capital loan in the form of tools and equipment of catching-tool and is given money loan to fulfill their daily life needs.
The strategy of direct recruitement of sawi by giving capital and loan for daily life needs aims to be easier to monitor and control their performance so that it makes the power and hegemony of punggawa towards sawi to be increasingly strong. It is due to the life pattern of sawi himself that tends to be pragmatical and irregular in the management of finance because of their mindset that regards that sea has provided their life needs.
The relation formed by big punggawa to expand his business network is by forming small punggawa as the mediator of big punggawa in building power relation and hegemony towards sawi. One of the criteria in lifting small punggawa is done by being chosen a sawi that has worked for a long time and has obtained the trust, loyality and still owns kinship bonds with big punggawa.
It is through the small punggawa that in turn recruites sawi to work to collect sea products either by using traditional boat or by using sticking-machine in all areas of North Tiworo District to fulfill the necessity of market. The way of big punggawa builds the connections in enlarging his business expansion by creating small punggawa as the mediator of big punggawa. The group of small punggawa spreads in every island that also constitutes the villages at North Tiworo District to facilitate the access of small punggawa and collect sea products from the fishermen (sawi). Through the small punggawa that has been created by big punggawa aims at strengthening the power and hegemony of punggawa towards sawi. Working-relation that happens between punggawa and sawi is carried out by giving the trust to manage capital with the purpose of binding the group of sawi in order to keep working and obeying towards the command of punggawa that is helped by small punggawa.

E-Journal of Cultural Studies
The group of big punggawa expands their working-relation and develops business with the purpose of dominating sea products so that they can fulfill their production needs. In actuating this strategy, big punggawa depends on the capability of the small punggawa as their mediator in every village that spreads at North Tiworo District. In choosing the person that is made as their working-partner, the group of big punggawa has their own requirement. This requirement is done to give the guarantee in order that the distributing of capital and loan to sawi can run well and make sure that the collecting of sea product can be dominated by big

punggawa.
This strategy is carried out in order that the cost is still in the control of big punggawa. The group of punggawa to optimalize performance of sawi in collecting sea products in order to be able to get big profit by means of interlacing relation and collaboration with traders outside whether they who are in Makassar, Bali, Surabaya, or Jakarta. The relation that is built through the traders outside of North Tiworo District is done in order that they obtain capital loan and make sure that the route of marketing of sea products can be overcome and can get bigger profit. The traders outside are also not reluctant to give the trust in the aid of capital for the group of punggawa to make them easier to obtain the supply of sea products.
The relationship of power relation between big punggawa with trader of sea product collector from outside has had their each own route. The abovementioned trading-route may not be broken and if they break the rule that has been established will get sanction from the collectors of sea products from four cities in Indonesia. In addition, they as the capital supplier, it signifies that it has happened the power and hegemony of traders outside towards the role of big punggawa. Therefore, they cannot help but obliging to guard the relationship of fellow punggawa and do the power and hegemony towards sawi to work as well as possible for the survival and trust of their business from the sanction that they obtain whenever from traders outside.
Punggawa as the doer of business in the midst of society certainly always expects to conduct their safe and comfortable business and without any disturbance. Principally, punggawa requires the security guarantee in doing their business according to what is expected without any disturbance from another person or from certain societal groups as the consequence of business competition. For that reason, the group of punggawa entrusts safety and protection of their business through security apparatus. In this case, institution of police matter is the best institution in ascertaining the safety of their business.

E-Journal of Cultural Studies
August 2018 Vol. 11, Number 3, Page 23-32 DOAJ Indexed (Since 14 Sep 2015) ISSN 2338-2449 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/ecs/ There is mutualistic relation in which punggawa gets the sense of safety in one hand, on the other hand, the group of punggawa can also give the fear towards sawi that tries to do the bad things or opposition towards punggawa. Based on this case, punggawa makes the security side as the tool to give the fear towards the group of sawi in order to guard and guarantee their obedience towards punggawa. The relationship of power relation and hegemony through security side also aims at guaranteeing the survival of fish-catching business and preventing conflict of inter fellow fishermen that depend his life form sea products.
Besides, power and hegemony through security apparatus also aims at avoiding and acting on emphatically the fishermen from out of North Tiworo to conduct sea product catching in their area. Pamali that is in the form of prohibition and forbidding is made use of by punggawa to influence sawi in doing his activity during going in the sea. The belief towards the sea guardian is considered as a truth. As a result, it arouses the high faith, loyality, and obedience from sawi towards punggawa. It is through this ideology that in turn punggawa instills and strengthens the power of his hegemony to obtain legitimation from society of Bajo ethnics to persue his economic interest towards sawi. The using of modern technology in fish-catching has the implication on plentiness and unplentiness of their catching-product. This condition is not only resulted in by the capacity of exploring-power means and modern catching-tools employed, but is also caused by the shift from human's energy (manual) to machine. In addition, it is also due to specific skill from sawi in operating the abovementioned means and catching-tools. Another implication is the change of social structure of fishermen. The fishermen of capital owner (money and production means) are categorized as punggawa, while the fishermen having capital of energy and skill of catching fish are called as worker or sawi. Besides, the change of relational pattern that happens becomes hierarchical but does not direct to exploitative thing in which with his skill of catching fish, a sawi is employed by punggawa. The using of means and modern catching-tools that are given by punggawa to sawi is managed as maximal as possible by punggawa as the media to dominate and hegemonize for the sake of obtaining profit as much as possible.
Punggawa owns the strength of money and catching-tools. Having capital strength and fish-catching-tools make punggawa to have many loyal followers in this case the group of sawi. It is the reality that makes the candidates in the election both in the level of village like the election of village head and general election such as: legislative election, Regent election, Governor election, and President election are more interested in approaching punggawa than sawi. Punggawa can employ his influence (power) to organize and can make his sawi to be present to the Place of Vote-Taking for electing one of the candidates required by the punggawa.
The existence of punggawa is considered by the fishermen of sawi as the person having the right in deciding the direction of political support for the fishermen of Bajo ethnics particularly for the group of sawi. The decision mentioned above has consequence if it is not followed. The real consequence on the denial of the abovementioned decision from punggawa is felt directly by sawi. Some of the punggawa get involved in political spaces as the effort of strengthening the power by becoming the part of political party organizer or