Ejercicio y algunos mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a una mejora del desempeño en tareas cognitivas

Autores/as

  • Bryan Montero-Herrera Escuela de Educación Física y Deportes Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2020.v9i1.8303

Palabras clave:

aprendizaje, BDNF, ejercicio, irisina, memoria, potenciación a largo plazo

Resumen

Potenciar el aprendizaje y la memoria se ha convertido en una tarea de interés para muchos investigadores. Artículos recientes han podido comprobar es que el ejercicio es una clara herramienta para mejorar capacidades cognitivas de personas y animales gracias a que favorece la liberación de sustancias tales como neurotransmisores y factores neurotróficos. Uno de los factores más importantes es el factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF), que promueve la generación de cambios a nivel neuronal necesarios para la potenciación a largo plazo (fortalecimiento de memorias). Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de EBSCOhost -en las bases de Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES y SPORTDiscus-, Google Scholar, Pubmed y ScienceDirect utilizando una serie de palabras con sus respectivos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En este trabajo se explican los procesos asociados con la potenciación a largo plazo, abarcando temas como neuroplasticidad, la unión del BDNF con su receptor (receptores de tirosina quinasa B), y además el mecanismo por medio del cual la liberación de la mioquina irisina, como una consecuencia del ejercicio, promueve el aumento de las concentraciones de BDNF en sangre. Basándose en numerosa literatura se describe la relación que existe entre el ejercicio y la generación de cambios neuroplásticos estimulados por proteínas como el BDNF y la consecuente mejoría en la memoria.

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2020-04-09

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Montero-Herrera, B. (2020). Ejercicio y algunos mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a una mejora del desempeño en tareas cognitivas. Revista Iberoamericana De Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y El Deporte, 9(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2020.v9i1.8303

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