جۆری توێژینه‌وه‌ : Original Article

نوسه‌ر

Department of English languge/ college of Languages and Human Sciences/ University of Garmian/ khanaqin Yes

پوخته‌

A first reading of the novel reveals the fact that what fall apart in Things fall apart are
Igbo’s cultures and traditions. Accordingly a lot of readings have been done on the novel
with almost similar disclosures; considering it as a postcolonial novel and as Achebe’s
response to the white racism embedded in European literature, which presented Africa
as a primitive and socially retrograde nation. Hence, reading Things Fall Apart from a
new and distinct perspective with the aid of trances from reader response criticism, this
study aims to answer the question of; what really falls apart (in Things Fall Apart) and
how? Through a close and transactional reading of the novel this study demonstrates that
Igbo’s culture and religion didn’t fall apart but changed and in fact, what falls apart in
Things Fall Apart is Okonkwo, the protagonist of the novel. By studying and comparing
his conducts, before and after killing Ikemefona it reveals that his mortal sin parts him
beyond the limits of his cultural conventions, in the process of gaining his individual
purposes, which later leads to his downfall.

وشه‌ بنچینه‌ییه‌كان

Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York : Anchor, 1959.
Anyokwu, Christopher. "Fifty Years on: Problematizing the Heroic Ideal in
Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart." California Linguistic Notes Volume XXXIV
(2009): 1-27. web.
Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice.
New jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
Carol, Boyce Davies. "Motherhood in the Works of Male and Female Igbo
Writers: Achebe Emecheta, Nwpa and Nzekwu." Graves, Carole Boyce Davies and
طؤظاری زانکؤی طةرمیان Journal of Garmian University مجلة جامعة
کرمیان
Anne Adams. Ngambika : studies of women in African literature. Trenton: Africa World
Press, 1986. 241-256.
Clifford, James. "Partial Truths." Marcus, James Clifford and George. Writing
Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1986. 1-26.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner. New York: Dover
Publications, 1970.
Greenberg, Jonathan. ""The Base Indian" or "The Base Judean"?: "Othello" and
the Metaphor of the Palimpsest in Salman Rushdie's "The Moor's Last Sigh"." Modern
Language Studies (1999): 93-107.
Kerfoot, Douglas Killam and Alicia L. Student Encyclopedia of African
Literature. London: Greenwood, 2008. print.
Killam, G. D. The Writings of Chinua Achebe. New York: Africana, 1969.
Lovesey, Oliver. "Making Use of the Past in Things Fall Apart ." Bloom, Harold.
Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. ew York: Bloom’s Literary Criticism, 2010. 115-
39.
Mishra, Jitendra Kumar. "The Falling Apart of Things in Chinua Achebe’s Things
Fall Apart." Lapis Lazuli –An International Literary Journal Vol.II.I (2012): 1-10.
Nnoromele, Patrick C. "The Plight of A Hero in Achebe's Things Fall Apart."
College Literature (2000): 146-155.
Osei-Nyame, Kwadwo. "Chinua Achebe Writing Culture: Representations of
Gender and Tradition in Things Fall Apart." Research in African Literatures (1999):
148-164.
Sarma, S. Krishna. "Okonkwo and His Chi." Rao, A. Ramakrishna Rao and C.R.
Visweswara. Indian Response to African Writing. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1993.
Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today : A User-Friendly Guide 2nd. New York:
Routledge, 2006.
Wasserman, Liam Purdon and Julian. "If the Shoe Fits: Teaching Beowulf with
Achebe's Things Fall Apart." Sandra Ward Lott, Maureen S. G. Hawkins and Norman
McMillan. Global Perspectives on Teaching Literature: Shared Visions and Distinctive
Visions. Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 1993. 311-334.
Wright, Derek. "Things standing together : a retrospect on Things fall apart."
Petersen, Kirsten Holst and Anna Rutherford. Chinua Achebe : a celebration. Oxford :
Heinemann, 1991.