Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Elemental Analysis of 65 Elements , 11 Oxides and Preparation of Catalyst in Iris Postii Mouterde

Iris postii Mouterde, belonging to family Iridaceae is distributed in Kurdistan region/Iraq. The present study aimed to analyze the content of 65 elements (major and minor elements) Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, In, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr from roots and arial parts of Iris postii by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) techniques after microwave digestion and determination of 11 oxides SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, K2O, TiO2, MnO, P2O5, SrO and BaO by ICP-AES for the first time. Micromesoporous catalyst was hydrothermally synthesized by Tetra propyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Results show some elements, Iron (Fe), Barium (Ba), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Strontium (Sr) and Boron (B) are present in the roots and aerial parts in a significant amount. Among them Fe has the highest concentration (340 ppm) and (1130 ppm) in the roots and aerial parts of Iris postii respectively, on the other hand, Ba (85.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Elemental Analysis of 65 Elements, 11 Oxides and Preparation of Catalyst in Iris Postii Mouterde.


Introduction
Before scientific analysis developed, all medicinal plants were used by traditional beliefs on their properties in each country [1].A large number of plants used in the traditional medicine are now part of the modern world health care system.Moreover, some plants are considered important not only as food but also for their therapeutic values, such as the ginger, green tea, walnuts and some others plants [2].Many methods have been used for obtaining compounds for drug production; these include isolation from plants and other natural sources like microorganism, synthetic chemistry and combinatorial chemistry.There are challenges associated with each method, necessitating the need for one method to complement the other ones [3].In the last few decades, the determination of minerals and trace elements are important to enhance production efficiency in plants and foods [4].The human beings require both metallic and nonmetallic elements within certain permissible limits for growth and good health [5].Determination and characterization the elemental composition of foods and related medical products is therefore very important for understanding their nutritive and medicinal value.
These mineral elements may be broadly classified as macro (major) or micro (minor) elements based on their daily requirement [6].Different techniques were used to determine the elemental contents of the medicinal plants from many parts of the world; such as, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, Electrothermal AAS, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Flame atomic absorption spectrometry [7].ICP/AES and ICP-MS were benefits that high sensitivity and powerful multielement analysis capability.Furthermore, some common elements such as K, Na and P are essential for human health and important for nutritional purposes [8].Iris belongs to the family of Iridaceae and an estimated 300 species [9,10], most of them were used as a medication due to the different biological activities against cancer, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases [11,12].Iris postii is a medicinal plant belonging to the Iridaceae family and is widely distributed in Kurdistan region-Iraq and used by the local people as an anti-inflammation [13] Powdered materials were stored in bottles and maintained at room temperature until analyses.

Sample Preparation
Preparation of vegetation samples for analysis was performed using ashing method in which, 100g sample is weighed into an ashing pan followed by controlling ignition at 475˚C for 24 hours [14].

Sample preparation for analysis
1g of prepared dried plant sample is cold digested with nitric acid for 8 hours before being transferred to hot block for 15 minutes at 85°C followed by 2 hours at 115°C.The samples are subsequently cooled and brought up to volume with HCl.The resulting solution is mixed thoroughly and analyzed by ICP-MS and ICP-AES corrected for spectral interferences [14].3).

Preparation of Catalyst in Iris Postii
Note: For samples that are high in sulphides, we may substitute a peroxide fusion in order to obtain better results.The sample was suspended in ethanol and dispersed on copper grid.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was recorded on a JSM-5410LV.The total surface area was calculated according to the BET isothermal equation and surface area were evaluated by t-plot method.

RF incident
The mesopore-size distribution was analyzed from desorption branch of the isotherm by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.

Preparation of catalyst
Silica oxide is added to an aqueous solution of tetra propyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), sodium aluminate is dissolved in a concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and added to the first solution under vigorous stirring then the gel formation is transferred to an autoclave stainless steel and stirred at 160C for 48 hours until the crystallization occurs.The solid so obtained is filtered, washed several times with distilled water and dried overnight at 60C [14].

Results and Discussions
The present study investigated a total of 65 elements, Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, In, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr in different concentrations by using ICP-AES/ICP-MS techniques from total plant body (root and shoot system) of I. postii.By using ICP-OES technique we could estimate a total of 8 elements such as Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Ti in percentage (%) level as illustrated in Table 1.While the most remain elements (minor elements) has been determined by ICP-MS in units of (ppm) as found in Table 2.However, 11 oxides SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, K2O, TiO2, MnO, P2O5, SrO and BaO were determined by ICP-AES as shown in table 3.   The arial part of the plant body contains higher level of most of the estimated elements than the root part.As a result, each of Iron (Fe), Barium (Ba), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Strontium (Sr) and Baron (B) are present in the roots and arial parts in significant amount.Among these elements, we found that, Fe is the highest concentration (340 ppm) and ( 1130 1, Table 2 and Table 3), we found that the distribution patterns of different elements in the aerial parts and roots of Iris postii, were different.The elements present in the medicinal plant Iris postii (arial parts and roots) play an important role in the treatment of different diseases.
. On the basis of the literature data, the elemental analysis of Iris postii have not yet been investigated.The aim of the present Materials and Methods 1. Plant material The aerial parts and roots of Iris postii Mouterde were collected in April 2016 from Korek Mountain in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.The plant parts were classified and identified by Dr. Abdullah Sardar from Salahaddin University-Erbil.A voucher specimen number 7230 was deposited at Education Salahaddin University Herbarium (ESUH)-Erbil, Kurdistan/Iraq.Iris postii (roots and aerial parts) were separately cleaned (washed with water) and air-dried under shade at room temperature (20-25 o C) for 20 days.After drying, each plant part was finely powdered using a laboratory grinding mill, to provide homogeneous powder for the analysis.

Fig. 2 TEM
Fig. 1 SEM image for solid catalyst