VEGETATION ANALYSIS ON RECLAMATION AREA OF COAL MINE OF PT. BUKIT ASAM TANJUNG ENIM, SOUTH SUMATERA

The Research of Vegetation Analysis on Reclamation Area of Coal Mine of PT. Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim, South Sumatera was aimed to determine the types of vegetation that composing reclamation area was found in PT. Bukit Asam in terms of structure and composition. The research has been done in November until Desember 2014, in four reclamation area at PT. Bukit Asam, namely the area of reclaimed the Muara Tiga Besar Selatan, Mahayung, Klawas Timur, and the Muara Tiga Selatan having different strata age. the vegetation data includes rate of growth seedlings, saplings, poles, and tree obtained through transek method in the form plot lane. In each transect made a plot in size 20x20 m for tree level, 10 x 10 for poles level, 5x5 for saplings level, and 2x2 m for seedling and cover plants level. The results of this research, in the Muara Tiga Besar Selatan area was obtained the vegetation seedlings-cover plants and saplings level, each of 17 and 7 species. In the area Mahayung are only found level vegetation of seedlings-cover plants as many of 13 species. For the area Klawas Timur and Muara Tiga Besar Selatan was obtained growth level of seedlings-cover plants, saplings, poles, and tree each of 20, 4. 3, dan 2 species for Klawas Timur area, while on Muara Tiga Selatan area each obtained 19, 8, 7, and 3 species.The diversity index of species, overall in all area of reclamation and rate of growth included in the low category with value 0 ≤ H’ ≤ 2.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia's tropical forests are part of the lungs of the world. however, Indonesia's forests are damaged by a rate of 2.4 million ha/year.The region of forest in indonesia is currently experiencing heavy pressure, ranging from practice legal logging, illegal logging,forest fireand overlapping allocation between forest and oil palm plantations, Forest Management Rights (HPH), also mining (Solviana & Chairul, 2012).
The existence of the mining sector in Indonesia is a very important sector in improving the nation's economy. Humans need the support of mining resources to maintain and improve the welfare. The mineral resource is a unit of geological structure as part of the ecosystem (Djajadiningrat (2007)dalam Eddy et al.(2010)).
Every coal mining companies have an obligation to carry out reclamation of the former mining area and the surrounding area who are disturbed by mining activity. The results of reclamation is expected to have an impact on an ecosystem, such as setting the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air, improvement of soil properties, water regulation, etc. (Patiung et al., 2011).
PT. Bukit Asam is a coal mining company that is quite old and has lots of good conduct reclamation activities in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Therefore, these companies realize very important to do the process of re-vegetation or land reclamation after mining activities take place. It is important to preserve and minimize damage to the environment and ecosystem.
Reclamation activities conducted by PT. Bukit Asam is sustainable over time.Land mines are no longer used for mining activities, immediately carried out land reclamation activities to preserve the environment and preserving the stability of the ecosystem in the area of mining in this company.
Reclamation has done this, required to do the vegetation analysis to discover the vegetation growing on land reclamation PT. Bukit Asam, so that can formed composition of buffer forest to maintain the stability of the ecosystem at the site of coal mining PT. Bukit Asam.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
This research was conducted in November-December 2014. The location of this research in the area of reclamation Muara Tiga Besar Selatan (Region age 2 years), reclamation area Mahayung (Region age 4 years), reclamation area Klawas Timur (Region age 10 years) andreclamation area Muara Tiga Selatan (Region age 19 years) Coal mine of PT. Bukit Asam, Tanjung Enim in South Sumatra Province.The method used in this research is the method of double track or lines plot (transects) are modified. Plot observations will be made or placed on line (Ernawati et al., 2013).
line transects in each area of research as much as 3 transects perpendicular to the topography of the location of the sampling area. Each transect was placed 4 of square plots continuous with a distance of 20 meters between plots one with the other plot, in which the placement of the transect and plot is said to have represented every area to be made in the research object.
Plot in the reclamation area of Muara Tiga Besar, Mahayung and Klawas Timur made with the size 10 x 10 m for the level of the tree and pole, 5 x 5 m for sapling dan 2 x 2 m for seedling, while in the reclamation area of Muara Tiga Selatan each plot was made with the size 20 x 20 m for tree level, 10 x 10 m for pole level, 5 x 5 m for sapling leveland 2 x 2 m for seedling. Level plant species of trees, poles and saplings contained in any plot its diameter is measured on diameter breast height (dbh). To plant of the seedling to do the estimated percent canopy closure.
The data obtained from the field and then analyzed to obtain a density value, frequency, dominance, importance value and diversity index of species by the following formula:

Relative Dominance (DR)
Calculation of the importance value from the growth level of trees, poles and saplings by the following the formula: For the importance value of seedling growth by following the formula:

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
On the reclamation area Muara Tiga Besar is acquired plant species on the growth level of seedlings and saplings were classified into 11 families, each of which 17 plant species seedling-undergrowth and 7 spesies saplings level (Table. 1). In Seedling-undergrowth level,Ischaemum timorense Kth. has the highest importance value is61,4%. Ischaemum timorense Kth.is a type of grass that dominates this location which is a pioneer plant species. According to Tjhiaw and Djohan (2009), natural succession process begins with the presence of pioneer plants such as grass.Sapling level, Acacia mangium Wild.has the highest importance value is69,81magnitude of importance value of Acacia mangiumThis is because the reclamation area was originally reclaimed by planting Acacia mangium Wild. According to Yamashita et al. (2008)onTjhiaw dan Djohan (2009), Acacia sp is thenitrogen fixing, so it can grow well in nutrient-poor soil.
In the reclamation area Mahayung 4 years oldfound only in level seedlingundergrowth with the number of 13 species were classified into 3 family (Table. 2). plant level of seedling-undergrowth, grassPaspalum commersonii LamkandMimosa pudica Duchass. & Walp.Has the highest importance value int this location, is 61,25% and 40,58%. This suggests that the grass Paspalum commersonii LamkandMimosa pudica Duchass. & Walp.have a pretty good dominance in the reclamation area this Mahayung. Hilwan et al., (2013), stated that succession occurs in rainforest areas that are cultivated, then abandoned, its growth will begin with grass and shrub vegetation. Tjhiaw and Djohan (2009), add thatMimosa pudica isnitrogen-fixing too,so its presence in ex-mining areas characterize nutrient-poor soil of nitrogen.  Although it has been 4 years oldAt this location is not found the other growth level apart seedling-undergrowth. According to Andono (Personal interview), this is because the quality of the crop and soil quality at this location is not too good, so that the plants do not grow well planted at this location. In addition, the growth of the grass plant species in this area is very tightly so that inhibit the growth of other plants. According to Groninger et al. (2007) onTjhiaw dan Djohan (2009), arrested succession occurs because the dense grass vegetation aggressive that can inhibit succession.The grass vegetation quickly deplete water and nutrients from the soil so that only a few essential nutrients are absorbed next growthform.    This suggest thatAcacia mangium Wild. is very dominance in area reclamation of Klawas Timur, although many other plants that are planted in this reclaimed area. According to Inonu (2008),Acacia plants produce root exudates that is tend allelopathy for other plants. In addition, the proliferation of acacia through seeds and vegetative (root buds) tend to be extensive. Both of these inhibit the growth of other plants in the vicinity, so the vegetation is relatively homogeneous. In the growth level of seedling-undergrowth that is dominance isIschaemum timorense Kth.(64,8%), Cyperus rotundus L.(21,24%), andAsystasia intrusa Bi. (16,95%). All three plants, has a supreme and dominant presence in each transect study.
In the recalamation area of Muara Tiga Selatanis found 19 families (Tabel 4). Famili Fabaceae with 3 species, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae dan Dioscoreaceae each with 2 species, and the others family has 1 species composition. On the Tree, Pole and Sapling level, Schima wallichii (DC.) korth. has the highest importance value with the each importance value is 160,29 %, 103,74%, and 86,03%. According to Aprianti (2013), Schima wallichii (DC.) korth. or puspa (Local name)able to live in a wide range of soil conditions, climate, and habitat. Grow abundantly in lowland primary forests to mountains,This tree is also common in secondary forests and disturbed areas,even in grassland. Can live up to Puspa not selectively condition the soil texture and fertility. Although it prefers a well drained soil.
While the growth level of seedlings, Dioscorea villosa has the highest importance valuethan other species, is27,78%, followed by Schima wallichii (DC.) korth. with importance value 22,86% andEurya acuminata DC. With importance value is 21,94%. Density of seedling-unergrowth in this reclamation area is not too highThis is because this area has been overgrown by trees that have been great with a canopy that is wide enough, so that sunlight can not penetrate to the forest floor below where undergrowth life. According to Indriyanto (2006), on the forest floor or the bottom layer is dark and very humid,certainly there are fewer life of the plants compared with the existing layers thereon Plants that require a lot of sunlight would not be able to live on the bottom layer in the forest.
Species diversity index for area reclamation of Muara Tiga Besar Selatan consecutive for seedlings and saplings is 0,8101 and 0,9962On the Reclamation area Mahayung index values diversity found only growth level of seedling is 0.912. While in the Reclamation area of Klawas TImur, in a row for the level of the tree, pole, saplings and seedlings is 0.1314; 0,316; 0.534; and 1.0226; while for the area of Muara Tiga Selatan in a row is 0.3973; 0.6797; 0.7783 and 1.1672.
based on Diversity index in each location, it can be said that the reclamation area in the coal mine has been progressing very well seen from the diversity of species Although the area of reclaimed 2-year and 4-year have species diversity is very low, compared to the reclamation area who are 15 years old and 20 years old who have a diversity of medium species .
Indriyanto (2006), Stateda community can be said to have a high diversity of species if the community was composed by many species. Instead of a community is said to have a low species diversity if the community was composed by few species, and if only a few dominant species.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research that has been done, we concluded as follows: 1. The structure and composition of vegetation coal mine reclamation area of PT. Bukit acid based on the reclamation area, as follows : a. Reclamation Area of Muara Tiga Besar Selatan obtained growth level species seedling-undergrowth and saplings each as much as 7 and 17 species were classified into 11 families,each dominated by Acacia mangium Wild and Melaleuca cajuputi (saplings) and Ischaemum Timorense Kth. (Seedling-undergrowth). Reclamation area of Mahayung obtained species plant growth level seedling-undergrowth as many as 13 species classified to the 3 families, dominated by Paspalum commersonii Lamk and Mimosa pudica Duchass & Walp.
b. Reclamation Area of Klawas Timur obtained a growth level of trees, pole, saplings and seedlings-undergrowth each as much as 2, 3, 4 and 20 species.Spesies yang dominan adalah Acacia mangium Wild (trees level), Acacia mangium Wild (pole level), Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. (saplings level), dan Ischaemum timorense Kth. (seedling-undergrowth level). c. Reclamation Area of Muara Tiga Selatan obtained a growth level of trees, pole, saplings and seedlings-undergrowth, each as much as 3, 7, 8 and 19 species.On a growth level of trees, poles and saplings, species Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth dominate this area, while at the seedlingundergrowth dominate is Dioscorea villosa L 2. Diversity index of species all around the reclamation area in the ranges H'= 0,1314-1,1672 thus the species diversity in all reclamation area of coal mine of PT. Bukit Asam is quite low.