The Diversity of Reptiles on Several Habitat Types in Campus Area of Sriwijaya University Indralaya, Ogan Ilir

The Diversity of Reptiles on Several Habitat Types in Campus Area of Sriwijaya University Indralaya, Ogan Ilir was aimed to determine the diversity of amphibian species present in this area. The research has been done in March until May 2015, in the campus of the Sriwijaya University, Indralaya. The method in this study is use the transect method by placing seventh transect line on line with the direction of cutting contour lines. Data collection techniques using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and Pit-Fall Trap method in combination with the Straight Line Method and Fence (Drift Fence). Results from this study recorded 11 species of amphibians from five families of the Anura Order. Average diversity index at Sriwijaya University Indralaya region is 1.70 which fall into the medium category.

height of more than 4,500 meters above sea level. Spread throughout the continent and some remote islands the world except Antarctica. Their habitat variety ranging from rain forests, planted forests, savannahs, grasslands, deserts and scrub, but it does not make reptiles can be found elsewhere (Cogger and Zwifel 2003 in Yanuarefa et al., 2013). Sriwijaya University is located in District North Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra, which consists of a stretch of swampy lowlands very broad. Main Campus Indralaya with an area of 712 hectares located 38 kilometers to the south of the city of Palembang (BAPSI, 2008). This area consists of the building and other support facilities, shrubs with trees, lowland swamp contained in some parts of the campus as well as rubber plantations, oil palm and gelam. Such conditions make it possible for a reptile to establish habitat.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study will be conducted in March and May 2015. The study was conducted in the area Location Campus Sriwijaya University, Indralaya. The method used in this research is the method of Visual Encounter Survey (Mc Diarmid et al., 2012) as well as passive method using glue traps and pitfall traps and drift-trap on the fence along the 800-meter transect lines. Active search carried out at night (19:00 to 23:00) and early morning (08:00 to 11:00) actively with two repetitions for each track. Observations started from zero on each line.

Reptiles kind in Central Campus of the University of Sriwijaya Indralaya
Based on the observations that have been made, the number of species of reptiles have been found in all study sites in Central Campus of the University of Sriwijaya as many as 14 species of 7 families and single orders (Table 4.1). Family found that Scincidae, Agamidae, Lacertidae, Geckonidae, Varanidae (lizard-kadalan group); Colubridae and Elapidae (group of snakes).

Diversity Type Reptiles At Each transect
Species diversity index is determined by using a formula-Wienner Shannon Diversity Index. In Table 4.3. presented a list of types of whole transect studies as well as species diversity indices.   vegetation and different types of communities. Differences shown that transects 1 is equal to 1.79 (medium category); Transect 2 at 1.74 (medium category); 3 transects amounted to 1.33 (medium category); Transect 4 1,37 (medium category); 5 transects of 0.56 (low category); 6 transect of 0.89 (low category); 7 transects of 0.8 (low category); and the last transect 8 amounted to 1.46 (medium category). The total of the overall index of diversity on campus Regions UNSRI 1.78 (medium category) with a total of 14 species. Whereas the highest diversity index obtained at the first transect at the Cape End marsh habitat that is as much as 1.79 in the medium category. Obtained a total of 8 types with a total of 12 individuals were obtained by habitat type in the form of swamp communities to make this place ideal for reptiles to live. According to Michael and Lindenmayer (2010) of wetlands and water flow is used as a place to find food and shelter for some aquatic and non aquatic reptiles. Access to water is essential. When performing data retrieval, there are a number of very abundant frog so that it can be a food source for several species of snakes for example Bungarus candidus. T1  T2  T3  T4  T5  T6  T7   In addition to the frog, bog waters are also inhabited by fish into food are living aquatic reptiles. In addition to food, it also provides a habitat cover (protective) were quite good. Aquatic reptiles found in this habitat Homalopsis buccata and Enhydris enhydris. Both species live in freshwater, commonly found in stagnant water or water with slow flow and prey fish (Mistar, 2008).

Species
Habitat bushes into second place in terms of the diversity index value that is equal to 1.74 (medium category) by as much as 7 kinds of species, and 26 total individuals. Terrestrial lizards dominate namely eutropis multifasciata ranks second highest as many as 19 individuals and followed with a total of 7 individuals of the species in the habitat Takydromous sexlineatus shrubs. According to Michael and Lindenmayer (2010) grass plants often used by terrestrial lizard-kadala to find food (foraging) and shelter (shelter). Besides these areas provide a place for basking activities (sunbathing) during the day because it does not have many trees as cover. Yanuarefa et al. (2012) mentions that the reptiles especially lizards gain heat by basking in the sun so as to obtain optimum heat. In addition to the frog, bog waters are also inhabited by fish into food are living aquatic reptiles. In addition to food, it also provides a habitat cover (protective) were quite good. Aquatic reptiles found in this habitat Homalopsis buccata and Enhydris enhydris. Both species live in freshwater, commonly found in stagnant water or water with slow flow and prey fish (Mistar, 2008).
Habitat bushes into second place in terms of the diversity index value that is equal to 1.74 (medium category) by as much as 7 kinds of species, and 26 total individuals. Terrestrial lizards dominate namely eutropis multifasciata ranks second highest as many as 19 individuals and followed with a total of 7 individuals of the species in the habitat Takydromous sexlineatus shrubs. According to Michael and Lindenmayer (2010) grass plants often used by terrestrial lizard-kadala to find food (foraging) and shelter (shelter). Besides these areas provide a place for basking activities (sunbathing) during the day because it does not have many trees as cover. Yanuarefa et al. (2012) mentions that the reptiles especially lizards gain heat by basking in the sun so as to obtain optimum heat.  In addition to the frog, bog waters are also inhabited by fish into food are living aquatic reptiles. In addition to food, it also provides a habitat cover (protective) were quite good. Aquatic reptiles found in this habitat Homalopsis buccata and Enhydris enhydris. Both species live in freshwater, commonly found in stagnant water or water with slow flow and prey fish (Mistar, 2008).
Habitat bushes into second place in terms of the diversity index value that is equal to 1.74 (medium category) by as much as 7 kinds of species, and 26 total individuals. Terrestrial lizards dominate namely eutropis multifasciata ranks second highest as many as 19 individuals and followed with a total of 7 individuals of the species in the habitat Takydromous sexlineatus shrubs. According to Michael and Lindenmayer (2010) grass plants often used by terrestrial lizard-kadala to find food (foraging) and shelter (shelter). Besides these areas provide a place for basking activities (sunbathing) during the day because it does not have many trees as cover. Yanuarefa et al. (2012) mentions that the reptiles especially lizards gain heat by basking in the sun so as to obtain optimum heat. Dendrelaphis pictus encountered on transects Arboretum silent while waiting for prey on a twig with a height of about ± 2 m above the ground at night. Pictus Dendrelaphis known commonly found in secondary forests and arboreal life (Mistar, 2008). Two individuals Ahaetulla prasina found in swamps Housing Lecturer at night on shrubs and in the daytime was found sunbathing on a dead tree branch.
According Mistar (2008) is the active species in the trees during the day and sometimes at night.
Varanus Salvator found at some point transects, one of them in the area of scrubland at the Department of Biology. Lizard frequently found midmorning while sunbathing. In addition, the presence of prey in the form of chicks pet owners around the building department to make lizards often appear to eat it. In addition, the lizards are also found in the transect studies that have a source of water and forage fish such as swamps Housing Lecturer, a small lizard found was swimming menyembrangi tributaries. Yanuarefa et al. (2012) mentions that there are many lizards found nowhere are many sources of water such as swamps.

Evenness Type
Results showed that the highest equity value present in the marsh area of the Cape End (Figure 4.3). The highest evenness obtained in place when the number of individuals who obtained a little (have the same abundance). while conversely the habitats found many individuals of one species causes evenness to be lower (Gotelli and Graves, 1996).
At the Arboretum area has a high equity value because almost all of the species are found to have the same abundance that one individual for one of its kind. While in the area have a tendency edificarian low because the number of individuals of the species Hemidactylus frenatus that dominates the area.

Rhythm and Deployment Activity
Reptiles are found grouped into several groups based on the rhythms of activity and dissemination are arboreal, semi arboreal, teresetrial, aquatic and semi-aquatic and diurnal and nocturnal presented in Table 4.4.

Evenness Type
Results showed that the highest equity value present in the marsh area of the Cape End (Figure 4.3). The highest evenness obtained in place when the number of individuals who obtained a little (have the same abundance). while conversely the habitats found many individuals of one species causes evenness to be lower (Gotelli and Graves, 1996).
At the Arboretum area has a high equity value because almost all of the species are found to have the same abundance that one individual for one of its kind. While in the area have a tendency edificarian low because the number of individuals of the species Hemidactylus frenatus that dominates the area.

Rhythm and Deployment Activity
Reptiles are found grouped into several groups based on the rhythms of activity and dissemination are arboreal, semi arboreal, teresetrial, aquatic and semi-aquatic and diurnal and nocturnal presented in Table 4.4.

Evenness Type
Results showed that the highest equity value present in the marsh area of the Cape End (Figure 4.3). The highest evenness obtained in place when the number of individuals who obtained a little (have the same abundance). while conversely the habitats found many individuals of one species causes evenness to be lower (Gotelli and Graves, 1996).
At the Arboretum area has a high equity value because almost all of the species are found to have the same abundance that one individual for one of its kind. While in the area have a tendency edificarian low because the number of individuals of the species Hemidactylus frenatus that dominates the area.

Rhythm and Deployment Activity
Reptiles are found grouped into several groups based on the rhythms of activity and dissemination are arboreal, semi arboreal, teresetrial, aquatic and semi-aquatic and diurnal and nocturnal presented in Table 4.4.  Nocturnal group is a group of reptiles are active at night as many as 6 different types, and the diurnal group which is a group active during the day as much as 7 kinds. While based on the place, living arboreal reptiles are the type who spends almost all its activities in the tree. as many as 5 kinds. only one type of semi-arboreal life or conduct most of their activities in the trees and the rest on the ground. terrestrial reptiles counted four types of reptiles that spend most of their activities on the ground. as much as 3 species are aquatic reptiles that spend almost all activities carried out in the water. The latter is a semi-aquatic reptiles or who spend most of their activities in the outskirts waters found only one type only. Table 4.4. showed that the reptile activity rhythms in activity time has almost the same number of species. As for the rhythm of activity according to a beraktifitasnya, arboreal also have an adequate amount of time equal to that diurnal and nocturnal activity. In contrast to the arboreal and terrestrial reptiles that all species are active during the day (diurnal), as well as aquatic and semiaquatic reptile that has the result that is not the whole inversely the species active at night (nocturnal).

Physical Chemistry and Research Track
The water temperature in all study sites ranging 21,4oC to 28,1oC, while the air temperature 25,7oC to 28,9oC. The highest air humidity recorded at the Arboretum swamp area which reached 89.3% and the lowest is in the border area of swamp Housing Lecturer at around 74.6%. The size of the water pH range from 4,5 -5,5 (see Table 4.5). Line at the promontory dropping swamp is a type of community that is dominated by swamps and humid plains. Although composed of vast swamp area, this place is also covered with several species of trees and is the most dominant acacia and softwood. Depth swamp ankle. In contrast to the lines on the border of the marsh Housing Lecturer, there are two types of vegetation are quite different on the two sides of the right hand part of the swamp which consists mostly of marshes, and some softwood while the right side is a plateau covered with tall acacia trees.

Threats and Utilization Reptiles
Reptiles plays an important role in human life, especially snakes, turtles and lizards are used as food and skin that is used to make products that are used for daily needs (Russell and Bauer, 2000). Reptiles are also a food source for other animals such as birds. Some species of reptiles and even serve as top predators in the food chain which plays an important role in the ecosystem. Most lizards like Geckonidae and Scincidae species feed on insects and other invertebrates that can help control the pest for farmers (Michael and Lindenmayer, 2010).
Reptiles, especially snakes are often killed because it is considered as a threat.
In the study site was rarely seen some reptiles died because with or accidentally In addition, depreciation and loss of habitat is the main threat to reptiles (Ruler, 2008). Incessant land clearing which is often done in several locations the habitat of reptiles as well as fires that often occur during the dry season makes the reptiles that live in these places to move to another place to get food and new dwellings. In addition, according to Joseph (2008)

CONCLUSION
Based on the research that has been conducted, it is concluded that the highest diversity index obtained at the Cape End marsh habitat that is equal to 1.79 (medium category) and the lowest is the habitat Palm Plantation in the amount of 0.56 (lower category). Number of reptile species that exist in the region Sriwijaya University Campus as many as 14 species were included in 7 families and divided into two sub-orders with a total index of 1.78 (medium category) evenness index of 0.67. Further monitoring is required on the diversity of reptiles in the region Sriwijaya University. Further research can be done in different seasons to make it look different numbers of species in different weather conditions. Moreover, research must be done in different aspects such as activity / behavior of reptiles.
Need added method of questionnaires and interviews to reproduce information about the reptile species that exist in the area of Campus UNSRI.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank to my lecture and may friends who help and joined the investigation and made documentation in my research.