Tracing the Progress of Buya Hamka in Medan, East Sumatra (1936-1945)

This article aims to find out the reasons for Buya Hamka (1981) living in Medan, East Sumatra, socio-political conditions in East Sumatra during his residence there, and his role in socio-political life in East Sumatra from 1936-1945. This research uses a historical method which starts from the heuristic stage, by collecting primary sources in the form of Buya Hamka's works, including Kenang-kenangan Hidup, as well as the Pedoman Masjarakat magazine which was published in 1936 and 1938, then carrying out a process of verification and interpretation of historical facts. This research found that, when Buya Hamka lived in Medan, he was not only chief editor, but also consul of Muhammadiyah in 1939 after being elected to the 28th Muhammadiyah congress. When Japan came to Indonesia in 1942, Buya Hamka became a Japanese advisor in government and Islamic affairs. He did this not because he wanted to be a Japanese loyalist, but he did it to protect Muhammadiyah East Sumatra from being disbanded by Japan.


INTRODUCTION
Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah, or who is familiarly called Buya Hamka, is a figure who cannot be ignored in the history of the Minangkabau people, especially in West Sumatra.His existence was so monumental that his name was even recorded in a book entitled "100 Figures Who Changed Indonesia", illustrating how Buya Hamka was not only an ordinary public figure, but also had a very significant role in the course of Indonesian history.In fact, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdul Razak, once said that "Hamka does not only belong to Indonesia, but is the pride of all nations in Southeast Asia" (Floriberta Aning, 2005).
Not stopping there, Buya Hamka went even further on his journey towards knowledge and service.In February 1927, he decided to perform the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, a moment that was so sacred and changed the direction of his life.After returning from the holy land, Buya Hamka did not keep this experience to himself.
He expressed it in an article published in the Chinese-owned Pelita Andalas newspaper, which ultimately became his first work as a professional journalist (Saytadarma, 2023).That year, he also set foot in Medan, East Sumatra for the first time, creating a memorable experience for him.
In 1936, Buya Hamka returned to Medan with great enthusiasm.There, he was entrusted with leading the editorial board of the weekly magazine Pedoman Masjarakat, a responsibility that was not easy.With all the experience and knowledge he had gained, Buya Hamka was finally able to become the editor-inchief of a well-known magazine at that time, where he had previously tried unsuccessfully three times to lead his own magazine, including Khatibul Ummah, Kemauan Zaman, and Al-Mahdi magazines (HAMKA, 1951).As editor-in-chief, Buya Hamka can accommodate and voice various ideas and views about justice, truth and the changes he dreams of for society and his nation.(Fitri, 2020).
From the two studies used as a

METHOD
In carrying out research and writing history scientifically, historical methods are very necessary as a basis for writing so that the writing can be said to be the result of historical research (Sumargono, 2021).The historical research method has 4 (four) stages, the first is the heuristic stage, namely the process of searching for and collecting sources that will be used in research, heuristics has the principle of searching for primary sources.Second stage of Verification, After the sources have been collected the author will carry out verification and analysis of the sources that will be used.
At this stage, it is important to be careful in accepting information contained in historical sources (Usman, 1986).Writers must choose which research data should be used for writing.In the third stage of interpretation, the author interprets historical facts and analyzes the collected data.It is important to remember that not all facts discovered can be included in historiography, therefore, researchers must be careful in selecting relevant sources and supporting the truth of their historical sources (Laksono, 2018).The final stage of historiography, the term historiography refers to extracting and compiling historical stories about events that have occurred in the past, which is known as history (Ismaun, 2005).In this stage, the researcher will present a description of the research findings related to the object of study.(Wirdani, 2018).institutions there (Zahara, 2011).

History of the Majlis
At that time, Muslims in the city of Medan were divided into two groups, first the youth group and the Muhammadiyah organization and then the elderly group.
Young people have modernist views while older people have traditionalist views (Benda, 1974).These two groups often cause minor friction in socializing between them.It is important to note that young people and old people both adhere to Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah or commonly called Sunnis, namely people who follow the Sunnah of the Prophet and they are among the largest group of Muslims in the world (Ismail, 2002).
Muhammadiyah Medan city itself was founded on November 25 1927 by several small and medium traders, with Hr.
Mohammad Said as its first chairman.
758 DOI: 10.24127/hj.v12i2.10263Buya Hamka has gone through a long and winding journey to reach the peak of this recognition, not only in Indonesia, but also in neighboring countries.When he was just 16 years old, Buya Hamka decided to go to Java, specifically Yogyakarta.There, he met big figures such as HOS Tjokroaminoto, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, Tafsir Al-Qur'an Foundation.The MTA Foundation is an Islamic education and preaching institution based in Surakarta.MTA was established on September 19, 1972 in Surakarta by Al-Ustadz Abdullah Thufail.The name Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur'an was chosen by Al-Ustadz Abdullah Thufail Saputra.Majlis comes from the Arabic Jalasa which means sitting.The word Tafsir Al-Qur'an is used as a sign that Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur'an studies the existing interpretation of the Qur'an and does not make its own interpretation of the Qur'an (Wahid, 2021).
But all that had to stop in 1942 when the Japanese began to arrive.Then Buya Hamka tried to publish the Islamic Spirit magazine which contained propaganda for the Greater East Asia war (Pacific War).But this magazine did not have the same place which at that time was the center of civilization in the city of Medan, was full of social dynamics.The city of Medan itself was founded by Guru Patimpus in 1590 AD.However, on April 1 1909, the Dutch East Indies Government designated Medan as a Gemeenteraad (City council), because the Dutch East Indies Government considered this area to be developing rapidly in terms of economy and population growth.However, the determination of the anniversary of the city of Medan on April 1 1909 was widely debated by historical observers, who then formed a committee to formulate the anniversary of the city of Medan and held deliberations from 27 to 29 March 1971 in Medan.However, the results of the formulation of the City of Medan only came out on March 15, 1975, which then determined the anniversary of the City of Medan to fall on July 1, 1590 ADc (Azhari, 2012).The city of Medan itself consists of various ethnicities and ethnic groups.It was recorded that starting in 1905 the city of Medan experienced an increase in population until the Japanese occupation in 1943, at that time the population of Medan City had reached 108,000 people (Sinar, 1971).Since ancient times, the city of Medan has consisted of various ethnicities, tribes and nations.This was all because of a large wave of migration at the end of the 19th century.Chinese and Javanese people were brought to Medan to become plantation workers, then followed by the arrival of Minangkabau, Mandailing, Banjar and Acehnese people.Unlike the Javanese and Chinese, this second migration group came to trade, teach and become scholars.They also played a big role in the spread of Islam in the city of Medan, even though the Malays as the original fight Japan, which at that time had entered East Sumatra.The resident informed that Japan had attacked the American naval base, Pearl Habour, because of this incident western countries including the Netherlands then formed an alliance against Japan.The resident also asked all those present to stand under the Dutch government and be obedient and loyal to Queen Wilhelmina.After the Dutch resident gave his speech, a person of Chinese descent stood up and stated that the Chinese people would stand firmly behind the Dutch government and declare their loyalty to the Queen (HAMKA, 1951).Meanwhile, none of the people's leaders were willing to welcome the speech, because the political shift between the colonized people and the colonialists made them disappointed and unwilling to side with the government.The Sultans who were considered "golden

Buya Hamka's Role in the Social and Political Life of East Sumatra 1936-1945
Buya Hamka's sense of nationalism did not diminish, he was aware from the start of the dangers of Japanese fascism.In 1944 he visited Java for two months, there he saw the suffering of the people that was more cruel than what he saw in Sumatra.There he met Soekarno and complained to him about the people's suffering.But After listening to Soekarno's words, Buya Hamka gained a stance, so he returned home and continued his struggle in East Sumatra.The same struggle as that carried out by Soekarno, namely collaborating with Japan (Tim Historia, 2018).Buya Hamka was then appointed as Syu sangi kai (local representative council) in 1944, in this role people called Buya Hamka like a golden boy for Japan.Of course, this has become a bad stigma for Buya Hamka among the community.Apart from that, Tyokan himself considers Hamka to be someone who is ready to commit himself to death for his beliefs.