“Belanda Setan” Enters Hiang: The Dutch East Indies Government's Invasion of Kerinci in 1903

Kerinci was an area that was not touched by the Dutch East Indies Government. The Dutch East Indies government initially tried to "persuade" the top officials in Kerinci to agree to collaborate. This collaboration was highly hoped for by the Dutch East Indies Government, considering Kerinci's abundant natural resources. This research aims to see how the Dutch East Indies Government tried to incorporate Kerinci into the Dutch East Indies Government's administrative area through war, which focuses on how the people in Mendapo Hiang resisted the invasion. The method used in this paper is to apply the stages of the historical method, which include source collection, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. From this research it can be seen that efforts to establish cooperation by the Dutch East Indies were met with rejection after rejection by Kerinci officials, so that in the end the Dutch Indies Government sent a "military expedition" troop. One of the resistances that took place occurred in Mendapo Hiang, through a war that lasted for several days. Nevertheless, the people of Mendapo Hiang who resisted had to accept defeat in the war, and were forced to accept the existence of the Dutch East Indies in their territory.


INTRODUCTION
Kerinci is an area deep in the interior of Sumatra, an area rarely visited by outsiders.Therefore, Kerinci does not receive much contact from foreign parties.This is also why the Kerinci community around the 20th century period was still closed without outsiders being able to enter.Unless it is with special permission and with a special purpose (Sumatra Courant, 1881).In fact, Kerinci is called the "secret valley" "Belanda Setan" Enters Hiang: The Dutch East Indies Governments…, Padhil Hudaya, 661-670 DOI: 10.24127/hj.v12i2.10031662 because this area is so untouched.Another term that is also found is that Kerinci is "land van melk en honig" (C.W. Watson, 1984).with sales increasing from year to year.
For coffee plants, for example, in 1889, coffee shipments from Kerinci to Padang for sale were 1.970 piculs, then each year it increased until in 1913 the shipments were 6.000 piculs (A.Ph. van Aken, 1915).
The natural resources in Kerinci would be a shame if the Dutch East Indies Government did not take part in their management.This was also conveyed by Snouck Hurgonje, one of the very wellknown colonial advisors of the Dutch East Indies Government.He explained that it was very necessary for the Dutch East Indies Government to include Kerinci as part of the Dutch East Indies administrative area (Iskandar Zakaria, 1985).This means that not only economically, but also politically, the Dutch East Indies Government is trying to include itself in the management of these two aspects in Kerinci.
The Dutch East Indies government began to intend to make cooperation efforts, especially in the economic field., 1915).This went on for years, even until 1902 (Rasyid Yakin, 1986).

The intention of the Dutch East
Indies in the end was not only to collaborate, but they intended to incorporate Kerinci into their territory by force, namely through invasion.This war became known as the "Perang Tahun Tigo", which began with the sending of military troops belonging to the Dutch East Indies Government to enter the Kerinci area.This war began to last from 1902-1903(Rasyid Yakin, 1986).Lucardie, 1913).

Resistance of the Hiang People against the Dutch East Indies Troops
The conquest of Mendapo Hiang, the land of the gods (Deli Courant, 1936) 1903).The handover of Depati Atur Bumi as leader of Mendapo Hiang was also followed by the handover of weapons which were then taken to Rawang, as the headquarters for the Dutch East Indies military expeditionary force (A.Ph. Aken, 1915).

Kerinci
, which are an important export commodity in trade, can be seen in the good quality of the plants,

Further
efforts are still being made to persuade Kerinci officials to agree to collaborate.Because the representatives sent one after another, plus the creation of monitoring guard posts around the Gunung Raya area, of course the people of Kerinci then felt disturbed.Until finally, the Dutch East Indies envoy from Muko-Muko, namely Imam Marusa's group, announced that the Padang-Jambi route via Kerinci would be opened and then they were hunted down.Most of this group died at the hands of the Lempur people.This then triggered the sending of a military expeditionary force to Kerinci to attack (Rio Mastri, et.al., 2019).At the end of May 1903, a military expeditionary force belonging to the Dutch East Indies Government was dispatched to Kerinci, bringing troops from the Sumatra Westkust region, namely via Pasir Ganting, then via Tapan and entering Kerinci via Koto Limau Saring.Entering June, the Dutch East Indies military expeditionary force began Koto Kepayang areas, then returned to Rawang, because the Dutch East Indies military expedition troops had set up their post there.Next, the expedition troops went to Mendapo Hiang, then headed to the Three Strands of Cloth area, namely via Sanggaran Agung, Jujun, Tanjung Batu.Next these troops went to the Lolo area, and then to Lempur.This expeditionary force also passed through the Koto Tuo area, Depati Tujuh, then to Semurup (Sumatra Bode, 1904).Entering July 1903, the military expeditionary force added troops sent from Jambi.This was necessary because some of the troops were killed and injured, after encountering resistance from the military expedition which was carried out from Mendapo to Mendapo.This military expedition is still continuing, touring the Pengasi area, then to Tarutung and Sangkar Island.Then these troops went to Lolo and Lempur.Most of the territory traversed by this expeditionary force was successfully conquered from its initial departure at the end of May to July.However, the Kerinci area was not completely conquered.The people of Kerinci who still wanted to fight back then united their forces on Tengah Island as the final defense front to defend Kerinci, the war lasted until mid-August 1903 (W.J.
As the official of the Selapan Strands of Kain region in Kerinci, Mendapo Hiang, led by Depati Atur Bumi, was one of the regions that the Dutch East Indies Government was obliged to subdue.The existence of the Depati Atur Bumi in Mendapo will influence the intention of the Dutch East Indies Government to control the Kerinci area, and include this area in the administrative area of the Dutch East Indies.However, this intention had to be implemented with challenges, where resistance emerged not only in Mendapo Hiang, but also in other Mendapo's in Kerinci.In Mendapo Hiang, the terminology "Blanda Setan" became a unifier and encouragement for the Hiang troops to resist attacks carried out by the Dutch East Indies military expeditionary troops.

Table 1 .
Dusun-Dusun in Mendapo Hiang collecting sources (heuristics).The author searched for sources in the form of documents, paintings, photos and other sources that could be used as data in this research.Sources in the form of documents, paintings, photos and other sources were taken from libraries, regional archives, regional libraries, as well as visiting several museums.Researchers will also search for sources through several online media that have data with unlocked access.Some online sources that will be searched include the sites delpher.nl,collectienederland.nl,cambridge.org,journals.sagepub.com,collectie.wereldmuseum.nl,libgen.is,kitlv.nl,geheugen.delpher.nl,dbnl.org,nha.courant.nu,and other sites that will be explored further.If you pay attention, many sources from Dutch sites were explored, because this research discusses the history of Kerinci during the period of the Dutch East Indies Government.Several other sources that will also be searched online are via Google Scholar and "Belanda Setan" Enters Hiang: The Dutch East Indies Governments…, Padhil Hudaya, 661-670 DOI: 10.24127/hj.v12i2.10031"Belanda Setan" Enters Hiang: The Dutch East Indies Governments…, Padhil Hudaya, 661-670 DOI: 10.24127/hj.v12i2.10031