The Meaning of Career Orientation on Indonesian Students Who Have Betawi Cultural Background

This research discusses the dynamics of students’ career orientation based on Betawi cultural background. Besides, this study aims to find t he meaning that drives the careers of students who have a Betawi cultural background. The method in this study uses qualitative with phenomenology study. Data collection techniques were carried out by using the interview method with open questions. The respondents were Indonesian students in this case represented by 2018 psychology students of the State University of Jakarta with Betawi cultural background. There were five respondents. The technique used to select the respondents was the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis were done by qualitative analysis techniques, in-depth analysis, and interpretative phenomenological, namely data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results found that the 2018 students of the State University of Jakarta had a socially-oriented career.


INTRODUCTION
Ideally, a student has had a career orientation from the first semester.Then, it can be assumed that he will try to realize his career orientation by studying as well as possible.However, many students have not been studying as well as possible, presumably because their career orientation is still unclear.In shaping a career orientation, the students are influenced by many factors.One of which is the cultural background factor.The students come from different cultural backgrounds, one of the cultural backgrounds students have is the Betawi culture.
The Betawi people are very close to Islam because Islam is the majority religion of that tribe.Therefore, the values taught in their lives are closely related to Islam.According to Adi (2010), there are four dominant values owned by the Betawi people.They are the values of safety, harmony, prestige, and practicality.The safety value makes them want to always get the pleasure of Allah SWT in this world and the hereafter.The harmony value teaches them to always live in harmony, the prestige value teaches them to always maintain a good name, and the practicality value makes them always want to relax and not be bothered.Also, the Betawi people are known for building communication that is full of empathy, openness, and sportsmanship (Sari, 2014).In this case, the researcher researched the meaning of career orientation on the Indonesian students in this case represented by 2018 students of the State University of Jakarta who have Betawi cultural background.
Based on the phenomena and the background that have been described above, the researcher formulates the problems that will be discussed, they are: 1. How are the dynamics of career orientation on the students based on Betawi cultural background?
2. How is the meaning of the dynamics of career orientation on the students who have a Betawi cultural background?
According to Zunker (1981) career is a work activity that is carried out during one's life, whereas according to Robbins (1994) career is the sequence of positions occupied by someone during his lifetime.Furthermore, Cascio (2002) explains that a career is a part of a person's job during his lifetime.Therefore, Cascio's opinion shows that career starts from birth to death, and a career is a job or activity of doing something that someone does, including the profession or business he runs.Werther and Davis (1993) state that career is all the work that one holds as long as he works.In addition, Handoko (2000) states that a career is all jobs or positions held during the working life of a person.From the opinions revealed by Werther and Davis (1993) as well as Handoko (2000) it can be concluded that a career is the whole or all of the work done by a person within a certain and limited time, namely as long as someone works.Another conclusion is that career is a part of events in life in the form of a series of jobs that shows one's commitment to work.
According to Adi (2010) there are four dominant values owned by the Betawi people.These values are the value of safety, harmony, prestige, and practicality.The safety value makes them want to always get the pleasure of Allah SWT in this world and the hereafter.The harmony value teaches them to always live in harmony, the prestige value teaches them to always maintain a good name, and the practicality value makes them always want to relax and not be bothered.In addition, the Betawi people are also known for building communication that is full of empathy, openness, and sportsmanship (Sari, 2014).This study aims to describe the dynamics of student career orientation based on Betawi cultural background.Besides, this study also aims to find the meaning of career orientation on the students who have a Betawi cultural background.

METHOD
The research method used in this study is a qualitative research design with a case study.Qualitative research is chosen as a method used in this study because the nature of the problem to be studied is intended to reveal and understand something behind the phenomenon that is not yet clearly known (Strauss & Corbin, 2007).Apart from the reasons above, qualitative research was chosen as a method to be used was because of several other reasons.First, to achieve the research objectives, this study aims to explain the dynamics of the career orientation of the Indonesian students in this case is limited to the students of the State University of Jakarta with cultural and gender backgrounds.This is based on the opinion of Creswell (2002); Neuman (2003);and Smith (2003).The objectives of qualitative research are first, to present a detailed and accurate description of life processes, and to report on the background or context of the situation (Neuman, 2003).Second, to be able to understand the dynamics of the career orientation of the students of the State University of Jakarta with a cultural background, then the researcher must write concrete data regarding the observed phenomenon, not the phenomenon the researcher thinks.This is based on the opinion of Poerwandari (1998) that qualitative research writes concrete data regarding the observed phenomena.
The primary data source in this qualitative research is individuals often referred to as respondents (Creswell, 2002).The willingness of the 2018 psychology students of the State University of Jakarta to be involved in this research -proven by signed informed consent.According to Groenewald (2004), one of the requirements that must be fulfilled by the research respondents is signing informed consent or a statement of willingness to become research respondents.The selection of respondents was done using purposes sampling.This is based on the opinion of Groenewald (2004) that the purposive sampling technique is a method for selecting respondents based on certain objectives.In this study, the basic objective is certain characteristics or traits that must be fulfilled by the respondents.
The characteristics of the respondents determined in this study are 1) the Indonesian students in this case are Psychology students of State University of Jakarta, 2) Class of 2018, and 3) From Betawi cultural background.The data source for this research comes from the respondents, namely Indonesian students which is limited to psychology students at the State University of Jakarta who have Betawi cultural background.The data collection technique was carried out through an interview with open questions.The number of respondents in this study was 5 respondents.
The data verification technique in this study is intended to produce the accuracy of the research data, namely the validation of research (Creswell, 2002).Examination of dependency according to Moleong (2007) has a broader meaning than the reliability in quantitative research.The data verification techniques carried out are as follows: 1) Triangulation, 2) Using Member Checking, 3) Using Rich Descriptions, 4) Clarifying Bias, and 5) External Auditor.The researcher in analyzing the data based on the data analysis steps by Moustakas, (1994).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION The Dynamics of Career Orientation on the Students Based on Betawi Cultural Background
Based on the existing data that had been collected from the five respondents, it can be concluded that the career orientation of the 2018 psychology students of the State University of Jakarta who had Betawi cultural background, the respondents chose the psychology department because they wanted to understand and help others while improving their quality.They also made the internet and the teachers as their main sources in finding information about the psychology department, especially about things that would be studied and job prospects from the psychology department.The information they got from these two sources was considered very interesting and useful so that they were interested in digging deeper into psychology.
Research conducted by Adi (2010) reveals the dominant values possessed by the Betawi people, namely safety, harmony, prestige, and practicality, all of which are based on the religion embraced by the majority, namely Islam.The existence they want in terms of the safety value is to get the love from Allah SWT in the world and the hereafter and avoid the wrath of Allah.This value makes the 2018 psychology students of the State University of Jakarta who have Betawi culture have a social career orientation, namely helping and serving others.Furthermore, Islam teaches to obey Allah SWT and care for others, which encourages them to devote themselves to God and the environment.
Research conducted by Adi (2010) also revealed that the existence that the Betawi people wanted in practicality was the desire to live casually, not to force themselves, to have fun, and not bother doing business that requires precision and persistence.Therefore, the data above have shown that the respondents are willing to work hard to achieve their goals.
According to the respondents, psychology is the study of human behavior, mental health, hypnotherapy, HRD, psychologist, and science that has practical theories such as conditions and the phenomenon of the foot in the door.For them, psychology is an interesting science because it makes humans the main object in its' discussion and shows that humans are very complex creatures.Moreover, psychology is also considered very useful for life and is a practical science when needed.During studying and participating in psychological activities, the respondents admitted that they felt happy because the activities were interesting and could open up insights and thoughts.However, the respondents also admitted that they were quite depressed because they had to understand difficult materials.They also had learning targets such as graduating with satisfactory grades, understanding humans better so that they could practice their knowledge in everyday life to help the community around them.Therefore, they also made learning strategies to achieve these targets, namely creating reminders, practicing analyzing other people, learning from interesting things, arranging schedules for studying and studying in a serious but relaxed atmosphere.They also bought psychology books/journals and attended psychology seminar and training to gain insight, although some respondents did not join psychology seminars or training due to remote places and unreachable costs.
Adi (2010) also revealed that the Betawi people had a variety of in-group perceptions in every aspect of life.First is the economic life aspect.Their economy rate was below the average so that they considered that their ethnicity was poor because they had low levels of education and habit patterns that did not lead to the progress.According to Adi (2010), the Betawi people had a mindset, namely depended their life on other people/inheritance so that they did not need to go to school or work hard.The work ethic of the Betawi people was also low because they only wanted to relax and had a short-term work orientation.The Betawi people placed more importance on religious education than formal education.The data above showed that not all Betawi people were like that.The respondents who had successfully attained higher education, in this case, Bachelor of Psychology, proved that they also placed importance on formal education.Besides, the respondents set learning targets and learning strategies to show that they had a work ethic and a long-term orientation.
Some of them rarely told others about their status as psychology students, while others felt happy and proud of their status.When sharing psychology with others, the respondents felt various kinds of feelings such as happiness, excitement, laziness, or even worry because they didn't want to give wrong information.They also saw the profession of psychology as an interesting, noble, and very useful profession even though some respondents still thought that the psychology profession was inseparable from HRD and should be able to reach more diverse areas.
The data above showed that most of the respondents had self-confidence which was shown by their feeling, namely happy and proud as psychology students.It is still related to the stereotype that the Betawi people are not highly educated (Adi, 2010) so that when they achieve achievement in their life, they will be more confident.
Their love and pleasure for psychology were illustrated in their willingness to make sacrifices in exploring psychology in terms of time, energy, thoughts, and money.Apart from their love, they were also willing to make sacrifices because they thought that psychology was a good/useful science and wanted to be more beneficial to their surrounding environment even though in the process they felt tired.Even in class, the respondents also suggested making group activities to find solutions, practice the knowledge they got, and because for them doing something together will ease the burden.
The respondents had a variety of strategies in doing homework to get satisfactory results, namely attending lectures on time, and preparing themselves before exams.The way used by the respondents to get satisfactory results in their work was setting schedulessuch as not working close to the deadline, or even deliberately working close to deadlines -, doing them carefully based on the procedures and not straining themselves, especially thoughts.They made plans the day before they went to collegesuch as estimating the travel time and checking the traffic conditions on the mapsand left early so they can arrive on the campus 30 minutes before the class begun so that they won't be late.When they will face the exams, the respondents will also arrange the schedules for studying, make summaries, pray, study more serious and diligent as well as play so as not to be too tense.Field of psychology because they had not found a suitable team or because they felt they still needed to learn, while with the activities that were related to the Tri Dharma of Higher Education such as research and community service, the respondents said they had never researched because they had not thought about it or because the research procedure was troublesome.On the other hand, some of the respondents had already done community service because of the demands of college assignments and because they wanted to help others.
The data above shows that the Betawi people, in this case, the respondents, have started to be independent by considering formal education is also important so that they are willing to sacrifice in terms of time, energy, thoughts, and money.Besides, they still do not leave their cultural values so that their self-orientation is not only to achieve personal success but also want to serve others, which shows that they have great empathy for their environment, and do not know the word "tired".
Regarding teaching and learning activities in the class, some respondents had read the lecture material before the class began so that they were ready to receive the material or were simply interested in the material, while others did not read the material so that they were still curious about the material that would be delivered.If there was a problem in the class, among the respondents looked for or provided solutions to make the atmosphere conducive again.Besides, they also consulted with the lecturers, and conducted self-reflection to realize their mistakes.If something happened in the class either is approved or not approved, the respondents gave various kinds of responses from considering this matter, following the majority votes, conducting discussions, until assuming that conflict was something normal.The respondents said that they had never participated in a competition.

Background
Based on the data, it can be concluded that the career orientation of the 2018 psychology students of the State University of Jakarta with a Betawi cultural background was social.This can be seen from their data on several things such as the reasons for choosing psychology, the reasons for being willing to sacrifice in terms of time, money, energy, and thoughts, the reasons for attending psychology training and seminars, etc., which tend to their desire to serve or help other people.
Their desire to serve or help others raises a social career orientation which is one form of prosocial behavior.Prosocial behavior is an activity that encourages a person to interact, cooperate, and help others without expecting anything for himself (Asih & Pratiwi, 2010).One of the factors that influence prosocial behavior is empathy, which is based on the research, there is a positive relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior (Asih & Pratiwi, 2010;Astuti, 2014;Husniah, 2016).Furthermore, there is a positive influence between empathy and prosocial behavior (Puspita & Gumelar, 2014;Widiatmoko, 2017) According to Asih and Pratiwi (2010), empathy is the ability owned by an individual to understand and respect others' feelings by understanding the feelings and emotions of others as well as seeing the situation from the other person's point of view.Asih & Pratiwi (2010) mention that the capacity for empathy is present since childhood.This ability can be trained, one of which is by modeling methods from the surrounding environment such as making parents a model.Another method is by parenting applied by the parents to their children.
Parenting can be defined as the treatment of parents towards the children in the form of caring, maintaining, teaching, educating, guiding, and training, which is manifested in the form of discipline, giving role model, affection, punishment, reward, and leadership in the family through words and actions given by the parents (Sunarty, 2016).There are 4 types of parenting, one of which is authoritative or democratic parenting.According to Santrock and Papalia (in Sunarty, 2016), authoritative parenting is a parenting style that applies positive control and instruction given by the parents but remains in a warm attitude and with rational two-way communication.Santrock and Papalia (in Sunarty, 2016) also say that this parenting has an impact, namely children become brave, more active, more purposeful, independent, can control themselves, have good relations with their friends, can deal with stress, are interested in new things, cooperative, active, spontaneous, and not afraid of failure.
The parenting style adopted by the Betawi people is a parenting style that develops empathy and sportsmanship sortif (Sari, 2014).This research reveals that the communication carried out by the Betawi people when caring for/parenting their children encourages some attitudes, they are 1) openness (parents explain something), 2) empathy (parents pay attention to their children's problems and activities, provide examples of courtesy), and 3) sportsmanship (teach their children to admit their mistakes).Therefore, the parenting style applied by the Betawi people includes in the types of authoritative or democratic parenting styles, which according to the results of the research it has a positive and significant relationship with empathy in adolescents.The higher the democratic parenting style applied, the higher the empathy exists in adolescents (Listiani, 2013).

CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that the meaning of students' career orientation with a Betawi cultural background is social.It means that the students who have a Betawi cultural background want to achieve the highest career for the welfare of their environment not only for themselves but also for their own families.Further research is expected to dig deeper into the data using quantitative methods to cover the entire population of the students of the State University of Jakarta.The students are suggested to shift their career orientation from an individual career orientation to a social career orientation.This is because social career orientation will provide a positive impact on the students, such as more energy or motivation for realizing their career.