DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNER WORKSHEET (LKPD) USING RME APPROACH BASED ON MANDAILING CULTURE TO IMPROVE STUDENT LITERACY

The purpose of this research is to develop a valid, practical, and effective Learner Worksheet (LKPD) in improving students' literacy skills. This study used the research and development method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation) development model. Data collection instruments included validation sheets, learner and teacher response questionnaires, activity observation sheets, motivation questionnaires, and literacy tests. This study involved Grade VII students and mathematics teachers in a private junior high school in Padangsimpuan.Based on the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach and local culture, LKPDs were developed that showed a high level of validity in terms of media, materials, and language. Positive responses from students and teachers indicate the practicality of the LKPD. The effectiveness of the LKPD can be seen in the improvement of students' literacy skills as evidenced by observations, motivation questionnaires, and literacy tests.


INTRODUCTION
Mathematics contributes to developing human thought in various fields, thus supporting technological progress (Nasution, 2022).This aligns with the value placed on literacy, one of the skills needed to learn mathematics.Literacy skills are not only involved but also play an important role in mathematics education in the twentyfirst century, as shown Anwar (2018).Mathematical literacy, according to, is the capacity to generate, use, and interpret mathematics in a variety of contexts, including mathematical reasoning employing mathematical ISSN 2089-8703 (Print) Volume 13, No. 2, 2024, 684-698 ISSN 2442-5419 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v13i2.8754 | 685 concepts, methods, facts, and instruments to describe, explain, and forecast occurrences.The ability to produce, apply, and interpret mathematics in a variety of settings, as well as to use mathematical reasoning to describe, explain, and forecast phenomena using mathematical concepts, procedures, facts, and instruments, is known as mathematical literacy.Because of the importance of this literacy, the objectives of teaching mathematics in schools are outlined in the Content Standards (SI) for teaching mathematics (Buyung & Dwijanto, 2017;Heriyadi & Prahmana, 2020).In practice, however, children still have relatively poor mathematical literacy skills.According to the 2019 findings from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducted by the OECD (2019), which evaluates students' mathematical literacy, only about 1% of Indonesian students are capable of mathematically modeling complex problems.One of the efforts that teachers can make is to choose the right learning model and make learning media interesting and easily understood by students.Educators can enhance students' mathematical literacy by innovating teaching methods in mathematics and creating new learning tools (Budiono & Wardono, 2014).Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is an instructional strategy that has been shown to effectively boost students' mathematical literacy skills, according to numerous studies indicating positive outcomes from lessons employing the RME approach (Budiono & Wardono, 2014;Kusuma, Wardono, & Winarti, 2016;Lestari, Prahmana, & Wiyanti, 2016;Mangelep & Kaunang, 2018;Wardono & Kurniasih, 2015).Furthermore Wijaya (2012) states that the advantages of the RME approach emphasize learning by doing, and students are first introduced to real problems.Therefore, learning using the RME approach effectively improves students' mathematical literacy skills.
Furthermore, for learning media, one of them is the Learner Worksheet (LKPD).So far, the effectiveness of using LKPD is still far from expectations; this can be seen from the questions designed on LKPD that do not pay attention to the character of students, such as socio-culture and students' initial abilities, when a material is so far from the cultural scheme they have, of course the material is difficult to understand (Hasibuan & Hasibuan, 2020) .
Although the RME approach has been shown to be effective in improving students' mathematical literacy, there are still limitations in the research on the integration of local culture, such as Mandailing culture, in the development of LKPD.This is because in culturebased learning, the learning environment will be fun where teachers and students will play an active role based on the culture they know in order to achieve effective learning outcomes (Fujiati, 2014)  This validation involves experts in materials and learning methods with the aim of checking the suitability of the materials with the curriculum and the ease of use by students and teachers.more details of each stage can be found in the following description:

Analysis
In the analysis stage, the focus is on determining what learners need to learn.This involves conducting a needs assessment, identifying existing problems, and performing a task analysis.The outcomes of this stage are detailed profiles of potential learners, identification of gaps, identification specific needs, and detailed profiles of possible learners.In this data analysis activity, the LKPD available to students still needs to be more interesting, so students become bored with learning.

Development
Product manufacturing and testing activities.In this activity, the solution is to make LKPDs using the Mandailing culture-based RME approach.

Implementation
Activities using the product.After validating and revising the product, the next step is to use it, whether it is feasible or not.

Evaluation
Activities to assess whether each step of the activity and the product that has been made follow the specifications or not.LKPD that has been made, namely LKPD using the Mandailing culture-based RME approach after validation and revision, then find out how the results on students' abilities will be on the LKPD that has been made.

Data Collection Technique
In this study, data collection techniques include 1) observation as one of the primary methods using a Likert scale questionnaire for validation from material experts, media experts, teachers and students; 2) interviews to explore students' opinions, aspirations, hopes, achievements, desires, beliefs, etc. as a result of learning, which were conducted not only as part of the preliminary study but also throughout the research process to gain an in-depth understanding of the learning dynamics; 3) documentation to document the research activities.

Research Instruments
The research instruments used: 1) The team used interviews to obtain sources, namely mathematics teachers and students regarding mathematics subject matter, to see students' aspirations, motivation, activation, and learning outcomes; 2) Product validation questionnaires contain media expert test sheets, material expert test sheets, and language expert test sheets; 3) Practicality test questionnaires to determine the level of ease in using LKPD products.Teachers and students filled in this questionnaire and test; 4) student activity observation sheets, motivation questionnaires, and student literacy tests to determine the effectiveness of LKPD.

Data Analysis Technique
Data analysis was carried out to see the value of each aspect, namely in terms of LKPD feasibility analysis, LKPD practicality, and effectiveness analysis.

LKPD Feasibility Validation Analysis
The data analyzed were suggestions and criticisms from experts, teachers, and student responses.

Practicality Analysis of LKPD
Teachers and students filled in data for practicality analysis, the results of the questionnaire scores were filled in through the equation (1), with "n" is total number.

∑ (1)
After obtaining the interpretation of the product developed, the conversion is then carried out in the following Table 2 (Arikunto, 2017).(2) Description: P = percentage of activity F = frequency of activity N = number of students The criteria for knowing the success rate of learning activities can be seen in Table 3. 2) Studets' Motivation Motivation questionnaire data was analyzed using the percentage technique as follows: The results obtained were interpreted using the criteria:  (Sugiyono, 2017) .In this research, data analysis will be carried out to describe the percentage of overall student completion with a percentage of scores ≥ 70.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Description of Research Results
Based on the research results that researchers obtained based on the ADDIE stages are as follows:

a. Analysis
This stage is done by identifying problems and needs.The findings from As revealed (Heriyadi & Prahmana, 2020) literacy skills are not only involved but also play an important role in learning mathematics in the 21st century today.Especially SPLDV material, because this material is very important for everyday life.There is no learning media available that supports the learning process on SPLDV material.After obtaining the interview results, the researcher analyzed the needs in accordance with the problems that hinder the learning process, namely the lack of learning tools that support the SPLDV material.After knowing the learning device will be developed, the researcher begins to carry out the design stage.

b. Design
This design stage is also known as the blueprint stage.The LKPD design begins with determining the LKPD cover that can attract students' attention to read it.The LKPD cover is designed with A4 size, consisting of the title of the LKPD, the submaterial's material to be discussed, the layout, and the name of the LKPD designer.For the Design to look more attractive, images related to SPLDV material and the selection of bright cover colors are used.The content design of the LKPD is also designed to be interesting by planning the content in the presentation of the material and equipped with images related to mathematics.The contents of the LKPD using the mandailing culturebased RME approach are also designed with an A4 size consisting of 19 pages.The blueprint design that has been designed is then evaluated through consultation with the supervisor to find out the shortcomings.Based on the results of the consultation, input was obtained, including the selection of more attractive colors and the addition of an assessment rubric.After going through the design stage, further development can be carried out.

c. Develop
The development stage is realizing the blueprint made into a product.The development includes typing the contents in the LKPD, inserting images related to the material, and providing attractive colors on each page.The process of making this LKPD uses the application of Microsoft Word.Then, the researchers searched and collected data from various relevant sources to enrich the material used in the LKPD.At this stage, pages were also developed with color variations to make the LKPD look more attractive.
Furthermore, the LKPD include images and content related to everyday life, making it easier for students to grasp the material.Editing and layout arrangements on LKPD are also developed by designing an appropriate placement layout to make it look beautiful and attract the attention of students reading LKPD based on Mandailing culture.
Furthermore, the LKPD enters the evaluation stage; this stage is carried out to determine whether the LKPD is valid for use.At this stage, the researcher uses a validation sheet instrument consisting of 10 statement items that will be given to experts when assessing

690|
the LKPD using the Mandailing culturebased RME approach developed.The validation sheet is first validated by instrument experts to be used as a valid research instrument.After the instrument validation sheet is revised according to the validator's suggestions and input, the media expert validation sheet, material, language, and response questionnaire can be used.Furthermore, the LKPD is validated by media, material, and language experts.After validation, the researchers then began to carry out the implementation stage.Based on the correction notes from all validators, the following are the results of revisions to the LKPD.

1) Media aspect revision results
The score of the media validation assessment results obtained from the three validators is 3.53, so the LKPD is in a very valid category for use.However, revisions are still needed for several parts according to the validator's suggestions.The results of the revision of LKPD using the RME approach based on Mandailing culture can be seen in Figure 2 and 3.The score of the media validation assessment results obtained from the three validators is 3.53, so the LKPD is in the category of very valid for use but still requires revision in certain parts.

3) Linguist validation results
The score of the media validation assessment results obtained from the three validators is 3.80, so the LKPD is in a very valid category for use.However, revisions are still needed according to the suggestions and input from the validator.

d. Implementation
Implementation, also called application, is carried out after the development stage.At this stage, the developed LKPD are tested to determine the reactions and feedback from both students and teachers towards the material.This trial was carried out to determine the practicality and effectiveness of the LKPD using the Mandailing culture-based RME approach at private junior high school in Padangsimpuan to 24 seventh-grade students and mathematics teachers.At this stage, the researchers distributed the LKPD to each learner and teacher to The questionnaire has 10 statement items for students and 10 statement items for teachers.For activity and motivation, questionnaires were given to students consisting of 6 observed activities and 4 indicators for motivation consisting of 4 rating namely 4 (strongly agree), 3 (agree), 2 (disagree), and 1 (disagree).Furthermore, giving students a literacy skills test of 5 essay questions.
After the implementation stage was completed, the researchers proceeded to the evaluation stage, which included improving the LKPD obtained from the results of teacher and student questionnaires.Based on the evaluation stage, researchers obtained the results that the LKPD did not need to be revised; this was because the responses of teachers and students were very positive towards the LKPD developed by researchers.

Presentation of Data a. LKPD validation results
LKPD designed and validated by a team of experts, aims to guide students in the learning process.This is in accordance with the theory put forward (Ariati et al., 2022a); one of the key functions of teaching materials is to serve as a guide for students, directing all their activities during the learning process and providing the substance of competence they need to achieve.
Learners are expected to steer their own learning activities and grasp the core competencies they need to learn or acquire mastery over.Validation is divided into three categories, namely media experts, material experts, and linguists.

No Assessment Criteria
Validator 1 Validator 2 Validator 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 The suitability of the indicators with the KD has been determined.2 The suitability of the material with the indicators that have been formulated.3 The LKPD presented has instructions for use. 4 Presentation of material in young LKPDs is understood and contains Mandailing culture.5 LKPD can motivate students to find more information about SPLDV material.The suitability of the indicators with the KD has been determined.2 The suitability of the material with the indicators that have been formulated.3 The LKPD presented has instructions for use. 4 The presentation of material in LKPD is easy to understand. 5 LKPD can motivate students to find more information about SPLDV material.

b. Results of the LPKD Trial to test the practicality of the LPKD 1) Results of Learner Response
This LKPD trial was conducted on 24 students.Researchers distributed The revised LKPD were evaluated to assess student reactions.The outcomes of the students' feedback are presented in Table 8.

2) Math Teacher Response Results
The trials carried out not only looked at the responses of students but also the responses of teachers, especially those who teach math subjects.The results can be seen in Table 9.The presentation of SPLDV rate material in LKPD is easy to understand.0 0 0 1 7 Ease of understanding the language used.0 0 0 1 8 The LKPD cover using the RME approach based on Mandailing culture by the topic of SPLDV material.Based on the data above, the average value of the 3 validated aspects can be obtained as follows: The results obtained from the average validation value from 3 aspects consisting of media, material, and language aspects amounted to 3,62 (very valid).Hence, the LKPD using

2) Student Motivation
The results of observations of student learning motivation can be seen in the Table 14.Based on the Table 14, the percentage of strongly agreeing is 95.835, which is very high.

3) Student Literacy Test Results
The result of literacy test data can be seen in Table 15.These findings underscore the importance of the RME approach in improving mathematical literacy while making a significant contribution to the practice of school mathematics lerning.

CONCLUSIONS
The conclusion of this study shows that the LKPD developed based on the Mandailing culture-based RME approach is very valid, practical and effective in learning SPLDV at SMP Swasta Kampus Padangsidimpuan.The validity of the LKPD with an average score of 3.62 was confirmed through validation by a team of experts.The practicality is seen from the positive responses of students and mathematics teachers, with a percentage of 88.33% and 92.50%, respectively.The effectiveness of the LKPD was demonstrated through observations of learning activities, motivation, and student literacy test results, with 79.17% of students achieving the KKM.This confirms that the LKPD can effectively support the teaching and learning process of the SPLDV material.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.ADDIE model for developing products The data analysis techniques are as follows: a. Collection of all data obtained in each aspect of the LKPD indicator assessment b.Calculating the average score in each indicator of the assessment aspect using the formula: score Σx = total number of scores from raters n = number of validators The results are then converted to the validity data score obtained and then to the criteria(Riyani, Maizora, &  Hanifah, 2017). ://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v13i2.8754

Table 2 .
Conversion of practicality test

Table 3 .
Learning activity criteria

Table 4 .
Criteria of motivation's score

Table 6 .
LKPD validation results of material experts

Table 7 .
LKPD validation results of linguists

Table 8 .
Results of Learners' Response to LKPD

Table 9 .
Results of Teacher Response to LKPD

Table 10 .
Results of media validation data presentation by 3 validators

Table 11 .
Results of material validation data presentation by 3 validators

Table 12 .
Results of language validation data presentation by 3 validators

Table 13 .
Data on observer observations of student activities

Table 14 .
Questionnaire data on student learning motivation

Table 15 .
Student literacy test resultsBased on theTable 15, the average score of students in classical is 81.875, with a pass percentage of 79.19% in high criteria.Thus, based on the percentage of activity, motivation, and test results of students' science literacy skills, it can be said that the developed LKPD is effectively used in