A Geographical Study of Agricultural Loss due to Natural Hazard in the Villages of Raver Tehsil in Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India

Tsunami, Cyclones, floods, landslides, earthquake, volcanos etc natural disaster are experiences unexpected human life loss & economic loss. During the study period it is observed that 2507 farmers are intensively affected by different types of Natural hazards. In the list of farmers affected by different calamities, large numbers of farmers are affected by hail storms and cyclones (1382). During the study period about 12 villages in Raver Tehsil are affected by the flood of Hatnur Dam back water out of them 10 villages are identified by the govt. those are affected by flood hazards during 2011-15. These affected villages are located near the bank of Tapi, Suki, Mor. During the study it is observed that accumulated soil deposits in the Hatnur dam is not excavated. To protect economy of villagers, deposits should be excavated periodically. Northern part of the region is covered by Satpuda mountainous region and more or less all rivers source are originated from the mountain. All tributaries are flowing from mountainous region across steep slope of the land surface is a one of the reason of flood because all tributaries are flowing speedily and spread on outer area of the course.


Introduction
Tsunami, Cyclones, floods, landslides, earthquake, volcanos etc natural disasters are experiences unexpected human life loss and economic loss. Northern part of the region is covered by Satpuda mountainous region and more or less all rivers source are originated from the mountain. Raver is a north eastern tehsil of Jalgaon district, famous for banana plantation not only in the state but also in the India (Gupta et al., 2015). This tehsil is characterized by piedmont plain. Satpura mountain ranges and ravines and bad lands along the banks of river Tapi.

Research Methodology and Data Collection
For the present study base map of the study region is compiled with the help of tehsil map. Primary maps are obtained from survey of India Topographical Maps. Data regarding economic reviews of farmers collected through questionnaires and personal interview of farmers in affected villages. An attempt has been made to analyze such voluminous data with the help of computer and interpreted by applying suitable statistical and cartographic techniques. Required data for the research work is collected from Government office of the study region (Tehisl and Agricultural office Raver).

Discussion
Heavy rainfall is the main cause of inland flooding. Flood in rivers valley region is a disaster which can destroy the total environmental set up of the area. It causes river bank erosion, depression of land, shifting of river course, river channel widening etc. The economy also gets affected due to damage of crops direct or indirect affecting the agriculture sector (Ismail and Mustaquim, 2013). Loss of agricultural production due to the reason of heavy rain, back water and Cyclone.

Agricultural Loss due to Back Water, Heavy Rain and other Natural Hazard during 2011-2015
Following table (Table 1) is showing loss of agricultural production due to the reason of heavy rain, back water and Cyclone or wind during 2011 to 2015. Computed by the Researcher.   It is concluded that Ainpur is frequently affected village by the back water of Hatnur Dam. The geographical and physical location of the Ainpur is responsible to this loss.
It is also concluded that Ainpur, Vitve and Nimbol village is affected due to the back water of Hatnur Dam having about 7 crores rupees agricultural crops loss. Figure 2 is displaying location of affected villages due to back water of Hatnur dam.
Hatnur dam is constructed on Tapi River (Chavan and Nile, 2012). It is in south west corner of the tehsil in village Mangalwadi. Near the bank of Tapi 15 villages are located towards the upper coarse of river tapi these villages affected by back water of Hatnur dam. Large area of these villages is occupied by influence of Hatnur Dam. When excess rainfall is burst near the source of river Tapi in Madhya Pradesh, areas of back water is increase and enter in the Banana fields. Nimbol, Therole and Ajanad displaying loss of agricultural production about 50 to 120 lack rupees while five villages have loss less than 50 lack rupees. Map 2 is displaying location of affected villages due to back water of hatnur dam.

Village wise Agricultural Loss due to Flood/Heavy Rain
Computed by the Researcher. Excess rainfall in short period is also harmful to the regional economy in the study region about northern 40% area is occupied by Satpuda upland rivers originated from this region are flowing across the study region and fed to river Tapi. Upper coarse of the rivers is elevated when these rivers reach on the piedmont plain, flowing velocity is more. Excess rainfall in a short duration accelerates the rate of flowing water and hence spread in outer area of the river creates flood hazards.
During the 2011-15 there are 10 villages identified by the govt. These are affected by flood hazards.

Conclusion
From this study, we have concluded that:  It is observed that the loss of agricultural crops is due to the back water of Hatnur dam. Moreover the relief, slope & soil in the study area are responsible to the flood severity.  The outcome of the work suggest that Govt. should frame work the sustainable plan for channelizing the random flow of backwater, so it will be useful for the irrigation practices in neighborhood villages or tehsils.  Need to organize the awareness programme in the villages to dig out the soil from the Dam and also the importance of soil benefits to the farmers.  Government should construct channel along the foot of Satpuda, east west direction for the control of water flowing from the mountainous region.  Govt. should constitute the committee for this purpose with the members from geographers, geologist, civil engineers or architect, social worker, environment experts etc. to look after the environmental and climatic situation of the study region.  Specifically government should prepare the plan for natural disaster affected villages because these villages are affected every year.  It is urging to agricultural officers to suggest crops those can subsist in flood areas.