Analysis of Halal Literacy, Halal Awareness, Motivation and Religiousity of SMES on Interest in Halal Certification in Banjarmasin

. Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in Banjarmasin City's local economic development. Along with this growth, halal products have great potential to gain the support of consumers whose awareness of halal products is increasing. Halal factors are becoming increasingly important to consumers when making routine product purchases. This study examines how the motivation,religiosity, halal literacy, and halal awareness of MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) actors affect their desire to get halal certification in Banjarmasin City. This study is conducted using field research using a quantitative descriptive technique. Purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling technique, selects samples based on the requirement to meet specific objectives, such as identifying MSMEs in Banjarmasin for a minimum of one year. A questionnaire is used for data collection, and the sample size is 96. Using SPSS 25.0 for Windows applications,the following data analysis procedures were employed: hypothesis testing, data validity analysis, and descriptive data analysis. The findings indicate that MSMEs' interest in Halal Certification in Banjarmasin City is significantly influenced, at least in part, by the factors of Halal Literacy, Halal Awareness, Motivation, and Religiosity. The factors significantly impacting MSMEs' interest in halal certification in Banjarmasin City simultaneously include motivation,religiosity, halal literacy, and halal awareness.


Motivation
Motivation is a condition inside a person's persona that drives the man or woman's desire to perform activities to reap an aim.With motivation, a person will display a conduct-directed aim to reap the goal of pleasure (Munawaroh et al., 2020).
Indicators of a Muslim's spiritual motivation (Yusuf, 2015) are divided into three, namely: 1. Aqidah motivation is a life belief, namely a vow that comes from the heart.Thus, motivation comes from within and arises due to the strength of the belief.
2. Motivation for worship always starts from the faith.If it is related to work activities, worship is still in the process stage, while the output/result of worship is mu'amalat.
3. Mu'amalat motivation means managing human needs, such as primary needs and secondary needs, with the obligation to improve performance as well as avoid luxury and waste, which Islam prohibits.Therefore, humans are expected to be able to work and produce as part of the mu'amalat towards achieving rahmatan lil-'alamin.

Religiosity
Religiosity is the rule of the Almighty God in vertical and horizontal dimensions.It can encourage intelligent souls to be guided by God's rules with their own will without being influenced to achieve happiness in this world and the afterlife (Sudarsono, 2008).It is clear from the preceding explanation that religiosity is the depth of a person's belief in a religion and the level of knowledge of that religion.
The concept of religiosity formulated by Glock and Stark has five types of religious dimensions (Ma'zumi et al., 2017), that is: 1. Dimensions of ideological beliefs Dimensions of things that no longer need to be debated and only need to be believed and trusted by followers, such as belief in the existence of the Almighty God and the existence of angels, heaven and hell.

Dimensions of religious practice (Ritualistic)
The level at which a person can carry out the worship rituals in the religion he adheres to.
For example, in Islam, such as prayer,fasting, zakat, hajj and so on.This is a spiritual experience that a person feels with his God.For example, he feels calm after carrying out all his obligations and guilty when ignoring prohibitions.

Dimensions of religious knowledge (Intellectual)
Explains how well-versed a person is in his religion's teachings, particularly those found in the sacred texts he follows.For example, Islam explains the extent of a person's knowledge of what is contained in the Quran and Hadits.

Dimensions of consequences
Dimensions explain how a person carries out the virtues that must be practised and taught in his religion.For example, someone always carries out their obligations, helps others, visits the sick, and donates some of their wealth.

Interest
Interest is the sensation of choice and interest in an item or activity without anybody asking you to.A multitude of circumstances influences a person's interests.Three components, namely internal motivation factors, social motive factors, and emotional factors, are identified by Crow and Crow as having the potential to influence interest (Sinta, 2020).Interest is a psychological element and does no longer shade a person's conduct in sporting sports that causes someone to sense interest in something.Apart from that, interest is extensive, which means that, with interest, you can trade something that is not yet clear into something more explicit (Rusdianto & Ibrahim, 2017).
From the definition above, it can be seen that interest contains the following elements: 1.There is concentration of attention.Feelings and thoughts about what you are attracted to.
2. There is a feeling of pleasure towards the object being targeted.
According to Kotler, purchasing interest is conduct that emerges in reaction to items that suggest a customer wants to buy something (Kotler & Keller, 2012).The aspects contained in buying interest are as follows: 1. Attention, there may be incredible attention from clients towards a product (goods or offerings).
2. Following interest, customers will experience a sense of interest.
3. The sense of possessing or desiring a product is another aspect of desire.
4. Confidence subsequently emerges as a person's belief in the thing, which leads to a choice (ultimate process) to acquire it through the act of purchasing.

Halal Certification
A halal certification certifies that a product complies with Islamic law and is provided by the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Research Institute.This halal certificate can create halal labels (Salam, 2022).
Regulation No. 33 of 2014 about Halal Product Guarantees aims to address public concerns by providing unambiguous guidelines concerning awarding halal certifications.Based on a formal halal fatwa granted by the MUI,the Halal certificates are a means for BPJPH to certify a product's halalness.In the meantime, a product's halal status is indicated by its halal label.
Business actors who have obtained a halal certificate must put a halal label on their goods in accordance with the halal label form that applies to their country.

Research Framework
The framework of wondering is a conceptual model of how theory connects to different aspects identified as critical issues.The research's conceptual framework is Halal Literacy (X1), Halal Awareness (X2), Motivation (X3) and Religiosity (X4) as the independent variable and Interest in Halal Certification (Y) as the dependent variable.The following is an explanation of the research framework used in this study:

Hipotesis
A hypothesis is a provisional solution to a putative problem since its veracity needs to be established.The suggested response is a provisional reality,the veracity of which will be examined using information gathered from the study (Sugiyono, 2017)

METHOD
The type of research that will be used in this research is quantitative inferential, namely, data analysis used to determine the extent to which the results obtained from a sample are similar to the results that will be obtained in the population as a whole, using randomly selected samples (Sugiyono, 2017).
The problem in this research is quantitative-inferential, namely,to measure the influence of Halal Literacy, Halal Awareness, Motivation, and Religiosity of MSME Actors Simultaneously on Interest in Halal Certification in the City of Banjarmasin.These variables are measured,typically using research instruments,to provide numerical data that can be subjected to statistical techniques for analysis.
The population in this research is MSMEs in Banjarmasin City, whose number is unknown and can be said to be in the infinite category.This study's samples or respondents were 96 MSMEs in Banjarmasin City.So,the researcher used a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling, which is taking samples determined according to the need to achieve specific goals (Amin et al., 2023).The criteria for respondents are MSMEs in Banjarmasin City who have been running their business for at least one year.8 The Lemeshow formula was utilized to determine the sample size for this study because the population size is either unknown or not limited (Masuku et al., 2024).The following is the Lameshow formula, namely:

Description of Respondent Characteristic
Based on the answers given by 96 respondents who are Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Banjarmasin City through questionnaires that have been circulated, which consist of various characteristics, a descriptive analysis of the respondents was carried out.   it can be seen that there were no respondents with elementary school education in this study.
Meanwhile, eight people had junior high school/MI education (8%).Additionally, 62 respondents (65%) of the total had an aanSMA, SMK, or MA education, making them the most prevalent group of respondents in this survey, and those with a Bachelor's degree were the second most respondents in this study, namely 26 people (27%).There were no respondents with postgraduate education in this study.In Figure 5 above, based on the monthly income of the 96 respondents who were the research sample, it can be seen that respondents with an income of ≤ IDR 3 million per month were the most significant number of respondents in this study, namely 58 people (60%).
Meanwhile,those with the second highest income of IDR 3,000,100-4,000,000 million per month were 19 people (20%).Furthermore,those who have an Rp income of 4,000,100-5,000,000 million are six people (6%), and those who have an income of ≥ Rp. 5 million per month are 13 people (14%).13

Validity and Reliability Test
Validity testing is done to decide whether or not a questionnaire is valid for each variable (Kusmaryono et al., 2022).The validity exams which have been done on this research are proven in the following table: A reliability test is necessary for this study in order to determine whether or not the research questionnaire is consistent (Cheung et al., 2024),that is used to degree the effect of the impartial variable (X), namely the influence of Halal Literacy (X1), Halal Awareness (X2), Motivation (X3) and Religiosity (X4) on the variables.Dependent (Y), namely Interest in Halal Certification.Before checking out reliability,there ought to be a foundation for selectionmaking, specifically an alpha of 0.60.Variables can be considered dependable if the fee of the variable is more than > 0.60; if more minor,then the variable beneath the observation cannot be said to be dependable because it is miles < 0.60.The results of reliability testing on this study variable are as follows:

Normality test
The normality test aims to determine whether the independent and dependent variables in the regression model still have an ordinary distribution (Kuchibhotla & Chakrabortty, 2022).An excellent regression version has ordinary or near-everyday statistics.If the number of samples increases,the deviation from the normality assumption becomes smaller.This is supported by the Central Limit Theorem, which states that the distribution of the sample average observed will approach normal if the number of individual samples becomes larger without paying attention to the shape of the distribution of the observation data itself.Normality testing can be done by graphic analysis by approximating the normality graph (Kusmaryono et al., 2022).The data is still quite close to a normal curve in the image above, and the data plot on the p-p graph is centered around the diagonal line, supporting the notion that the data is normally distributed.

Heteroscedasticity
The heteroscedasticity looks at targets to check whether or not, within the regression version,there is an inequality of variance from the residuals of one commentary to some other (Zhou & Zou, 2023).A great regression version is a model that does not arise heteroscedasticity.The test to ensure that the model does not contain heteroscedasticity is to look at the graph plot, namely by making a graph plotting the predicted value of the standardized dependent variable (ZPRED) with the standard residual (SRESID).Whether there is heteroskeasticity can be determined by looking at the presence or absence of certain patterns on the SRESID and ZRESID plot graphs.Based on the picture above, it can be said that it does not show a particular pattern, so it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity.

Multicollinierity
Finding out if the regression model identified any link between the independent variables is the goal of the multicollinearity test (Kalnins, 2022).Multicollinearity is undesirable in a decent regression model.The information generated is quite similar and it is challenging to distinguish the influences of individual factors if there is a correlation between the independent variables.

Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation occurs because successive observations over time correlate with each other (Silva et al., 2022).Autocorrelation cases occur more often in time series data (a collection of data observations ordered in time).The consequence of data experiencing autocorrelation is that the variance will be greater so that estimation is inefficient.The easiest detection of whether there is autocorrelation or not is with the Durbin-Waston (DW) test.In a regression model, autocorrelation occurs if (4-DL) < DW < 4 or 0 < DW < DL.DL is Durbin Waston Lower (bottom), DW can be calculated through a regression procedure.

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
A regression or prediction model that incorporates multiple independent variables or predictors is known as multiple regression analysis (Plevris et al., 2022).The influence of the independent variable (X), namely the motivation (X3), religiosity (X4), halal literacy (X1), and halal awareness (X2) on the dependent variable (Y), namely interest in halal certification, is measured using multiple regression analysis.The purpose of regression analysis is to determine how the independent variable affects the dependent variable and what relationship there is between the two.The F statistical value, the t statistical value, and the coefficient of determination R2 are tested in this test.based on the computations from multiple regression analysis, it can be mathematically written into the following equation: Y = 5,167+ 0,750X1 + 0,157X2 + 0,267X3 + 0,203X4 The impact of the independent variable (X) on the dependent variable (Y) is displayed in the equation above.The regression coefficients are as follows: 1. Constant (a) = 5,167

Analysis of the Coefficient of Determination
This studies requires analysis of the coefficient of willpower to find out how a lot version within the unbiased variable can give an explanation for all the variance inside the based variable (Grass et al., 2023).The value of the coefficient of determination ranges from 0 to 1.
The independent (free) and dependent (bound) variables do not relate to one another if R = 0.
On the other hand, if R = 1, then the independent and dependent variables have a strong link.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Respondent Data Based on Gender Source: Respondent Data on Google Form, 2024 In Figure 2 above, It is evident from the gender distribution of the 96 respondents that made up the research sample that women made up the majority of the respondents in this study, namely 78 people (81%), while male, namely 18 people (19%).

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Respondent Data Based on Age Source: Respondent Data on Google Form, 2024

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Respondent Data Based on Education Source: Respondent Data on Google Form, 2024 In Figure 4 above, based on the education level of the 96 respondents in the research sample,

Table 1 .
Operational Definition of Variables

Table 2 .
Results of the Validity Test for Variable Items

Table 3 .
Results of the Reliability Tests for Variables The Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) value serves as a tool for detecting multicollinearity in the regression model.The model has multicollinearity if the VIF value is more than 10.Based on the table above, it can be said that each VIF value for the halal literacy variable is 1.962, for the halal awareness variable it is 2.682, for the motivation variable it is 3.026, and for the religiosity variable it is 2.435, which means that overall the variable is no more than 10, so there are no multicollinearity.

Table 5
In a regression model, autocorrelation occurs if (4-DL) < DW < 4. Based on the data above, the DW value is 1.979, meaning it does not include (2.4179 to 4) outside the limit, so the regression passes and does not contain autocorrelation or 0 < DW < DL.The DW value is outside the acceptance criteria for autocorrelation, in other words, this regression model does not have autocorrelation.

Table 6 .
Regression Test Results X with Y This means that if the variables Halal Literacy (X1), Halal Awareness (X2), Motivation (X3) and Religiosity (X4) do not exist or are equal to zero then the Interest in Halal This means that if the Interest in Halal Certification is related to the Halal Literacy factor, then the Interest in Halal Certification will increase by 0.750 or 75% assuming other variables remain constant.3. Regression coefficient b2 = 0,157 This means that if Interest in Halal Certification is related to the Halal Awareness factor, then Interest in Halal Certification will increase by 0.157 or 15.7% assuming other variables remain constant.4. Regression coefficient b3 = 0,267 This means that if Interest in Halal Certification is related to Motivation factors, then Interest in Halal Certification will increase by 0.267 or 26.7% assuming other variables This means that if Interest in Halal Certification is related to the Religiosity factor, then Interest in Halal Certification will increase by 0.203 or 20.3% assuming other variables remain stable.