REVIEW   Free access

Minerva Urology and Nephrology 2023 April;75(2):163-71

DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6051.23.05127-3

Copyright © 2023 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Incidence of urological cancers in neurological patients: a review of the literature from the EAU Young Academic Urologist Functional Group

Fabiana CANCRINI ¹ ✉, Nadir OSMAN ², Steeve DOIZI ³, Cyrille GUILLOT-TANTAY ⁴, Tanja HÜSCH ⁵, Ester ILLIANO ⁶, Manuela TUTOLO ⁷, Antonio TIENZA ⁸, M. Gokhan CULHA ⁹, Luís VALE ^{10, 11}, Nicholas RAISON ¹², François HERVE ¹³, Pietro GRANDE ¹⁴, Morgan ROUPRET ¹⁵, Véronique PHÉ ³

¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; ² Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK; ³ Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; ⁴ Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; ⁵ Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; ⁶ Andrology and Urogynecology Clinic, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy; ⁷ Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ⁸ Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; ⁹ Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye; ¹⁰ Department of Urology, CHS-João, Porto, Portugal; ¹¹ Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ¹² Deptartement of Urology ST7, NIHR Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK; ¹³ Department of Urology, Saint Luc University Hospital, Bruxelles, Belgium; ¹⁴ Department of Urology, Bicetre Hospital, Saclay University, Paris, France; ¹⁵ Department of Urology, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospitals, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

INTRODUCTION: Urological cancers can be challenging in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with neurological diseases. As a result, there are still uncertainties regarding the incidence and risk factors favouring the development of urological cancers in these patients. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence regarding the incidence for the development of urological cancers in neurological patients to provide a basis for future recommendations and research.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A narrative review of the literature in Medline and Scopus up to June 2019 was performed.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: After screening 1729 records, 30 retrospective studies were retained. For bladder cancer (BC), 21 articles were identified, including a total of 673,663 patients. Among these patients, 4744 had a diagnosis of BC (1265 females, 3214 males, gender not reported in 265). In this group, 2514 were diagnosed with BC associated with a neurological disease. For prostate cancer (PC), 14 articles were identified, including a total of 831,889 men. Among these patients, 67,543 had a diagnosis of PC and 1457 had PC and a neurological disease. Two articles reported kidney cancer (KC), one reported testicular cancer (TC) and none described penile cancer or urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract in neurological patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of urological cancers, especially BC and PC, in patients with neurological diseases appears comparable to the general population. However due to the paucity of studies, specific recommendations for the management are lacking in neurologically disabled patients. In this report we investigated the frequency of urinary tract cancers in patients with neurological diseases. We conclude that urological cancers, especially bladder and prostate cancer, in patients with neurological diseases occur with similar frequency as in the general population.

KEY WORDS: Urinary bladder neoplasms; Multiple sclerosis; Parkinson disease; Prostatic neoplasms; Spinal cord injuries; Urinary bladder, neurogenic