REVIEW   

Journal of Radiological Review 2023 December;10(4):207-12

DOI: 10.23736/S2723-9284.23.00243-9

Copyright © 2023 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Thyroid bleeding: diagnosis and radiological management

Mariangela IODICE ¹ ✉, Matteo VINCENZI ², Giuseppe POSILLICO ¹, Lucia POTENZA ¹, Benedetta RIGONI ², Valentina IACCARINO ³, Nicola SERAO ¹, Pasquale LIGUORI ¹, Francesco PALMIERI ¹, Francesco RONZA ¹, Gianfranco BUZZO ¹, Lucina PICCOLO ¹, Valentina CALIENDO ¹, Guglielmo MASSA ¹, Marina DELLA NOCE ¹, Nicoletta SORRENTINO ¹, Giovanni GIORDANO ¹, Paola GAGLIARDI ¹, Matteo MAZZOLI ², Alessandra BRANDALISE ², Pasquale SULLO ¹, Roberta TARANTO MONTEMURRO ², Paolo D’ANDREA ¹

¹ Unit of Radiology, Hospital of Caserta, Caserta, Italy; ² Unit of Radiology, Hospital of Belluno - AULSS1 Dolomiti, Belluno, Italy; ³ Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Spontaneous hemorrhages of thyroid are rare events appearing sometimes in association with anticoagulant therapies in single or multi-nodular gland. Other causes of thyroid hemorrhage are represented by iatrogenic lesions during fine needle aspiration (FNAC), direct traumatic events and ruptured aneurism of thyroid arteries. They mainly recognize a venous origin and tend to limit themselves. Arterial bleeding that requires invasive treatment are rare. Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and may include partial or total thyroidectomy. Endovascular embolization of intraparenchymal arterial with gelatine sponge particles may represent an effective and safe approach, such as reported in our experience.

KEY WORDS: Thyroid gland; Hemorrhage; Arteries; Aneurysm