the Intersection

Growing enthusiasm about patient-centered medical homes, fueled by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ’ s emphasis on improved primary care, has intensified interest in how to deliver patient-centered care. Essential to the delivery of such care are patient-centered communication skills. These skills have a positive impact on patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and self-management. They can be effectively taught at all levels of medical education and to practicing physicians. Yet most physicians receive limited training in communication skills. Policy makers and stakeholders can leverage training grants, payment incentives, certification requirements


Introduction
In September 2020, the Mayor's Office to End Domestic and Gender-Based Violence (ENDGBV) released the data brief, The Intersection of Domestic Violence, Race/Ethnicity and Sex, which provides an analysis of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) domestic violence related offenses data for homicide, felony rape, felony assault, sex offenses, strangulation, and stalking based on the race/ethnicity and sex of the victim from 2017 through 2019.The race/ethnicity analysis showed that Black New Yorkers were disproportionately impacted across every domestic violence offense analyzed.Sometimes, as in the disproportionate impact associated with domestic violence homicide, felony assault, and strangulation, the impact was double what would be expected based on population size.Other marginalized groups, such as Hispanics, experienced disproportionate domestic violence rape and sex offense impacts.The Intersection of Domestic Violence, Race/Ethnicity and Sex data brief can be accessed on ENDGBV's website here.
The analysis in The Intersection of Domestic Violence, Race/Ethnicity and Sex was constrained by the inability to analyze the data across both race/ethnicity and sex simultaneously.The NYPD has since provided ENDGBV with domestic violence incident report, felony assault, and felony rape data for 2020, that allows for such an analysis.i In this brief, two types of relationships comprise domestic violence: (1) intimate partner violence (IPV), between individuals who are currently or formerly married, divorced, dating, boyfriend/girlfriend or who have a child in common; and (2) other family violence, between individuals who are related by marriage or blood, such as parents/children, siblings, grandparents/grandchildren, cousins, and in-laws.
This report provides annual victimization rates, which measure the extent to which victimizations occur in a specified population and time period (a population's risk for criminal victimization).The victimization rates are estimated by dividing the number of victimizations that occur during a specified time period by the population at risk for those victimizations and multiplying the rate by 10,000.These victimization rates permit comparisons of domestic violence offenses over time and between population subgroups (Lauristen and Rezey, 2013).The victimization rates reflected in this report are based solely on domestic violence incidents, felony assaults, and felony rapes reported to, and by, the NYPD.
National studies indicate that only about half of domestic violence and intimate partner violence are reported to law enforcement (Morgan, R. E., Oudekerk, B.A., 2019).Along with socioeconomic factors, such as education and income, there may be many reasons for individuals not reporting domestic violence to law enforcement, including: fear or mistrust of law enforcement; fear of getting the offender involved in the criminal justice system; belief that law enforcement will or could not help; and, belief the offense was a personal issue or too trivial to report (Holiday, et al., 2020 ;Cheng and Lo, 2019;Vidales, G. T., 2010).

Analysis
The analysis of the data reveals that in New York City, in 2020, Black and Hispanic females were disproportionately impacted by domestic violence incidents.This includes incidents between intimate partners and between other family members.For example, Black residents were almost three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of an intimate partner domestic violence incident reported to the NYPD (227.4 vs. 79.2).

LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA AND ANALYSIS BASED ON RACE/ETHNICITY AND GENDER
This report relies upon data collected and reported by the New York City Police Department (NYPD) on domestic violence survivors.It is important to note that these data may not accurately reflect how someone self-identifies their race/ethnicity or gender.The data records gender as binary, and therefore, does not allow us to explore domestic violence against Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming individuals.City agencies should collaborate to capture gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation data to ensure that the capturing of such critical information is standardized across agencies.
Hispanic female residents (12.4) had the second highest rate of intimate partner domestic violence felony assaults after Black residents (16.1).As this data indicates, domestic violence cuts across all racial and ethnic groups, and it has an undue burden on Black individuals and, to a lesser extent, Hispanic individuals.
We also know that a significant number of the domestic violence incidents, both intimate partner and family, occur in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, low median household income, and high rates of unemployment.ii For example, community districts with highest rates of poverty accounted for 42.2% of intimate partner-related domestic incident reports and 39.6% of family-related domestic incident reports in 2020, while accounting for only 24.4% of the City's population.These neighborhoods have a higher percentage of Black or African American residents (31.5%) and a higher percentage of Hispanic or Latino residents (41.5%) compared to all other neighborhoods in New York City (Black or African American 17.8% and Hispanic or Latino 23.7%).iii This analysis makes clear that communities of color are disproportionately affected, with Black females being particularly adversely impacted.Furthermore, communities of color enduring economic strain (e.g., high unemployment, low median household income, etc.) experience a disproportionate impact: the communities with high rates of poverty, low median household income and high rates of unemployment have a higher percentage of Black or African American residents (an average of 12.5 percentage points higher) compared to the rest of New York City.National studies, often citing socioeconomic variables and external barriers to services, show greater prevalence of domestic violence among Black Individuals compared to other groups (Cheng & Lo, 2016;Williams, Oliver & Pope, 2008;Frias & Angel, 2005;Hampton, Oliver & Magarian, 2003;Bent-Goodley, 2001).Survivors who lack financial security often also lack bargaining power to leave an abusive relationship (Wuest & Merritt-Gray, 1999).Poverty, household financial difficulties, unemployment, inaccessibility of affordable housing, and inadequate educational opportunities correspond to higher levels of domestic violence (Bent-Goodley, 2001).In the United States, communities of color experience not only income and wealth inequality, but also disproportionate rates of unemployment, food insecurity, and housing insecurity (McKernan, Ratcliffe, Steuerle & Zhang, 2013).According to several studies, the difference in domestic violence rates based on race and ethnicity diminishes when controlling for socioeconomic circumstances (Tjaden, 2000;Field & Caetano, 2004).
Survivors who consider or decide to leave abusive relationships face barriers in accessing support services.Systemic inequality and institutional racism impede access to effective and appropriate domestic violence services, enabling domestic violence by further isolating survivors (Bent-Goodley, 2001).Lack of culturally competent services has been linked to underutilization of shelters among Black women and low participation in abusive partner intervention programs among Black men (Fraser et al., 2002;Gondolf & Williams, 2001).It has also been linked to the underreporting of domestic violence incidents by doctors, as have racial and ethnic disparities in health insurance coverage (Bent-Goodley, 2001;Chen & Lo, 2016).Finally, mistrust of the police has been linked to the underreporting of domestic violence in racial and ethnic minority groups, and especially in immigrant communities (Campbell et al., 2002;Amuedo-Dorantes & Arenas-Arroyo, 2019).
It is important to acknowledge that our institutions -through policies, practices and procedures -contribute to prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against minority or marginalized groups on the bases of race, ethnicity, sex, immigration status, or social or economic status.Redlining, the gendered pay gap, discriminatory healthcare systems, over policing of the Black community and an unlivable minimum wage are documented inequities that are the result of, and further reinforce, unjust policies and processes (Taylor, 2013).Along with these inequities, the inequitable distribution of economic resources and supportive services across NYC can both increase strain within relationships and homes and serve as obstacles to accessing survivor services.
Long-term exposure to racism (as well as classism and patriarchy) and domestic violence impedes the ability of Black people and other minorities and marginalized groups from living a healthy life.Thus, the overlapping systems of oppression compound the risk and severity of intimate partner violence for individuals with multiple marginalized identities.
Undoing racism is an essential part of intimate partner-related homicide prevention; and uncovering the racial disparities in intimate partner-related homicides and work to explain the structural and historic policies and practices that drive them is a first essential step (Bassett & Graves, 2018).These disparities have persisted in NYC, signaling the deep, structural roots of racism.To reduce the impact of intimate partner violence, interventions must be developed and implemented to address these deeply rooted systems of oppression.

Intimate Partner Violence
Intimate partner-related domestic violence involves individuals who, at the time of the offense, were currently or formerly married, divorced, dating, boyfriend/girlfriend, same sex relationship, or who have a child in common.

Domestic Incident Reports (DIR)
Key Takeaways • In 2020, female residents were two-and-a-half times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident reported to the NYPD (164.6)compared to male residents (65.1).
• Black residents were almost three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident reported to the NYPD (227.4 vs. 79.2). o The rate of victimization was much higher for Black female residents (302.0)compared to Black male residents (138.92).
• Black male residents were over three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident compared to other male residents (138.92 vs. 41.3).
In 2020, there were 105,833 intimate partner-related domestic violence incidents reported to the NYPD that involved intimate partners.Overall, Black residents were almost three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident (227.4 vs. 79.2).The rate of victimization was much higher for Black female residents (302.0)compared to Black male residents (138.92).Black male residents were over three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident compared to other male residents (138.92 vs. 41.3).
It should be noted that female residents were two-and-a-half times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident (164.6)compared to male residents (65.1).Black female residents were more than two times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related domestic violence incident compared to White female residents (302.0 vs. 136.3).
American Indian/Alaskan Native residents had a victimization rate of 51.8, while Asian/Pacific Islander residents had a rate of 40.1 for intimate partner-related domestic violence.

Key Takeaways
• In 2020, female residents were almost three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner felony assault reported to the NYPD (9.3) compared to male residents (3.2).
• Black residents were almost three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of an intimate partner violence felony assault reported to the NYPD (12.5 vs. 4.4).
o The rate of victimization was much higher for Black female residents (16.9) compared to Black male residents (7.3).
• Black male residents were over three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner felony assault compared to other male residents (7.3 vs. 2.1).• Hispanic residents (12.4) had the second highest rate of reported intimate partner-related domestic violence felony assaults after Black residents.
o Hispanic female residents also reported a higher rate of victimization compared to Hispanic male residents (12.4 vs. 3.7).
In 2020, there were 5,362 intimate partner-related domestic violence felony assaults reported to the NYPD that involved intimate partners.Black residents were almost three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of an intimate partner violence felony assault (12.5 vs. 4.4).The rate of victimization was much higher for Black female residents (16.9) compared to Black male residents (7.3).Black male residents were over three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner felony assault compared to other male residents (7.3 vs. 2.1).
Hispanic residents (12.4) had the second highest rate intimate partner-related domestic violence felony assaults after Black residents; and, Hispanic female residents also had a higher rate of victimization compared to Hispanic male residents (12.4 vs. 3.7).
It should be noted that female residents were almost three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related felony assault (9.3) compared to male residents (3.2).Black females were almost six times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related felony assault compared to White females (16.9 vs. 2.9), while Hispanic females were more than four times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner-related felony assault compared to White females.
Asian/Pacific Islander residents had a victimization rate of 4.2 for intimate partner-related felony assaults, while White residents had a rate of 1.9, and American Indian/Alaskan Native residents had a rate of 1.5.• Female Black residents were almost four times as likely as other New York City female residents to be a victim of an intimate partner-related felony rape reported to the NYPD (1.5 vs. 0.4).
• Female Hispanic residents had the second highest rate of intimate partner-related felony rapes reported to the NYPD (1.1).
In 2020, there were 393 domestic violence felony rapes reported to the NYPD that involved intimate partners.

Family-Related Violence
Family-related domestic violence includes individuals who are not intimate partners but are related by marriage or blood, such as parents/children, siblings, grandparents/grandchildren, cousins, and in-laws.

Domestic Incident Reports (DIR)
Key Takeaway • In 2020, female residents were almost three times more likely to be a victim of an intimate partner felony assault reported to the NYPD (9.3) compared to male residents (3.2).
• Black residents were almost three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of an intimate partner violence felony assault reported to the NYPD (12.5 vs. 4.4).o The rate of victimization was much higher for Black female residents (231.3)compared to Black male residents (119.2).
• Black male residents were over two times more likely to be a victim of a family-related domestic violence incident reported to NYPD compared to other male residents (119.2 vs. 45.5).• American Indian/Alaskan Native residents had the second highest victimization rate (98.0) after Black residents based on reports to the NYPD.
In 2020, there were 74,847 family-related domestic violence incidents reported to the police that involved family members who were not intimate partners.The race of the victim could be determined in 69,260 incidents; of those, 52.3% (36,255) involved a Black individual, 30.7% (21,260) involved a White individual, 5.4% (3,755) involved an Asian/Pacific Islander individual, 0.5% (328) involved an American Indian/Alaskan Native individual, and 11.1% (7,662) involved individuals who identified with another race.Black residents were over three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of a family-related domestic violence incident that was reported to NYPD (182.9 vs. 57.9).The rate of victimization was much higher for Black female residents (231.3)compared to Black male residents (119.2).Black male residents were over two times more likely to be a victim of a family-related domestic violence incident compared to other male residents (119.2 vs. 45.5).
It should be noted that female residents (66.0) were two times more likely to be a victim of a family-related domestic violence incident compared to male residents (32.0).Black female residents were more than three times more likely to be a victim of a family-related domestic violence incident compared to White female residents (231.3 vs. 79.1).American Indian/Alaskan Native residents (98.0) had the second highest victimization rate after Black residents.White residents had the third highest rate (67.0), followed by Asian/Pacific Islander residents with a rate of 39.7 for family-related domestic violence incidents.

Felony Assaults
Key Takeaways • In 2020, there was little disparity between the rate of victimization involving family-related felony assaults reported to the NYPD between male (3.0) and female (3.7) residents compared to other family-related domestic violence offenses.
• Black residents were three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of family-related felony assault reported to the NYPD (7.2 vs. 2.3).o Unlike other offenses discussed in this report, the victimization rate between Black female (7.5) and Black male (6.8) residents was relatively similar.
• The rate of victimization was much higher for Black male residents (6.8) compared to other male residents (2.0).• Female Black residents were almost six times more likely to be a victim of a family-related felony assault compared to White female residents (7.5 vs. 1.2).
• Female Hispanic residents were almost four times more likely to be a victim of a family-related felony assault compared to White female residents (4.6 vs. 1.2).
In 2020, there were 2,941 domestic violence felony assaults reported to the NYPD that involved family members that were not intimate partners.The race of the victim could be determined in 2,855 assaults; of those, 47.1% (1,345) involved a Black individual, 34.0% (970) involved a Hispanic individual, 10.2% (290) involved a White individual, 8.6% (246) involved an Asian/Pacific Islander individual, and 0.1% (4) involved an American Indian/ Alaskan Native individual.
Black residents were three times as likely as other New York City residents to be a victim of family-related felony assaults (7.2 vs. 2.3).Unlike other offenses discussed in this report, the victimization rate between Black female residents (7.5) and Black male residents (6.8) was relatively similar.However, the rate of victimization was much higher for Black male residents (6.8) compared to other male residents (2.0).Hispanic residents (4.0) had the second highest rate family-related domestic violence felony assaults after Black individuals; and Hispanic female residents also had a higher rate of victimization compared to Hispanic male residents(4.6 vs. 3.4).
There was little disparity between the rate of victimization between male (3.0) and female (3.7) residents compared to other family-related domestic violence offenses.Black female residents were almost six times more likely to be a victim of a family-related felony assault compared to White female residents (7.5 vs. 1.2), while Hispanic female residents were almost four times more likely to be a victim of a family-related felony assault compared to White female residents (4.6 vs. 1.2).
Asian/Pacific Islander residents (1.9) had the third highest victimization rate for family-related felony assaults, followed by American Indian/Alaskan Native residents (1.0) and White residents (1.0).• In 2020, almost all (98.5%, 196 of 199) of the family-related felony rapes reported to the NYPD involved a female victim.
• Female Black residents were more than three times as likely as other New York City female residents to be a victim of a family-related felony rape reported to the NYPD (0.7 vs. 0.2).
• Female Hispanic residents had the second highest rate (0.67) of family-related felony rapes reported to NYPD, after female Black residents (0.71).
In 2020, there were 199 family-related domestic violence felony rapes reported to the NYPD that involved family members that were not intimate partners.The race of the victim could be determined in 199 rapes; of those, 47.2% (94) involved a Hispanic individual, 36.8% (73) involved a Black individual, 8.0% ( 16) involved an Asian individual, and 8.0% ( 16) involved an Asian/Pacific Islander individual.Almost all (98.5%, 196 of 199) of the familyrelated felony rapes involve a female victim.
Female Black residents were more than three times as likely as other New York City female residents to be a victim of a family-related felony rape (0.5, compared to 0.2).Female Hispanic residents had the second highest rate (0.67) of family-related felony rape in New York City, while female Asian/Pacific Islander residents had the third highest victimization rate (0.24) and female White residents had a victimization rate of 0.11.

Focusing on Reducing the Disparities in Domestic Violence
Interrupting Violence at Home Interrupting Violence At Home is a city initiative to address domestic violence through services, training, and intervention for abusive partners who may not be involved in the criminal justice system.As noted in this report, domestic violence is often not reported to law enforcement, and this program seeks to address abusive behavior and reduce future abuse in intimate partner violence relationships.The following outlines the programs under Interrupting Violence At Home: Respect and Responsibility is the first City-funded non-mandated program for adult abusive partners in intimate partner relationships.Respect and Responsibility will implement trauma-informed and culturally relevant curricula and related interventions through voluntary engagements with adults to address and prevent abuse.The program will be implemented across multiple sites throughout New York City and will be embedded in existing community programs so that we are engaging community validators and meeting people where they are.
Respect First is the first City-funded, trauma-informed and culturally responsive accountability program for young people who have exhibited abusive behavior toward their intimate partners or family members.Respect First will implement trauma-informed and culturally relevant curricula to engage both young people who are involved in the juvenile, family and criminal court systems, and those who are not systeminvolved, in particular youth in schools.The program will be implemented in Brooklyn, the Bronx and Manhattan and will be embedded in existing youth-focused settings.
A New York City Blueprint for Using Restorative Approaches to Address Intimate Partner Violence is the first ever NYC-specific blueprint for implementing restorative justice practices in community-based models to address domestic violence in New York City and a specialized training curriculum to provide City agency and community based organization staff skills to enhance how they engage with people who cause harm.

Home+
Home+ provides a new option for survivors of domestic and gender-based violence -enhancing their ability to stay safer in their homes rather than leaving to stay with friends or family or enter the shelter system, or requiring a report to law enforcement.Home+ provides survivors with free personal emergency response systems to call for help by pushing a button, emergency locksmith services, and safety planning and case management from a local domestic violence service organization to support survivors and their families' ability to remain in their homes.

The RISE Project
ENDGBV is collaborating with the Mayor's Office to Prevent Gun Violence and the Center for Court Intervention to embed outreach and advocacy into the Crisis Management System (CMS) violence interrupter program through the RISE Project to address the connection between community violence and intimate partner violence.
The RISE Project-which stands for Reimagining Intimacy through Social Engagement-works to ensure community-based anti-violence efforts have more tools and resources to prevent and respond to the intersection of intimate partner and gun violence.The Project supports healthy relationship norms and the prevention of domestic violence at the community level through public education campaigns, community programming, and efforts focused on community healing.The approach is survivor-informed, holistic, and rooted in the principles of safety, accountability, and transformative justice.

Targeted Outreach
Outreach Coordinators ("Outreach") at ENDGBV raise awareness about resources and services for survivors of domestic and gender-based violence in New York City, and conduct public engagement and education events to build community capacity to recognize, respond to, and prevent domestic and gender-based violence.ENDGBV Outreach builds community partnerships, situates ENDGBV's work within City and community initiatives, and keeps its finger on the pulse of domestic and gender-based violence crime trends and survivor needs.
ENDGBV outreach and public engagement can take several forms including tabling at resource fairs, facilitating art based workshops, attending community meetings and discussions; presenting trainings and workshops; and coordinating Family Justice Center (FJC) meet and greets and tours that introduce the community to the services available at the FJCs.ENDGBV Outreach employs its knowledge of NYC communities, FJC client flow based on zip codes, and the City's crime data to reach vulnerable survivors who are most in danger of domestic and genderbased violence or, on account of circumstance (e.g., language proficiency, immigration status, social isolation, etc.), are difficult to reach through mass outreach campaigns and events.Communities where ENDGBV conducts outreach have a higher percentage of Black residents, Hispanic residents, higher rates of unemployment and residents living in poverty compared to the overall population of New York City.

Future Data Collection and Analysis
To continue to develop and advance data-driven intervention and prevention requires a better informed, more nuanced understanding of domestic violence risk factors and the disproportionate impact of domestic violence on specific populations.City agencies must collect appropriate information on gender to help promote understanding among City officials and residents that historic inequities in access to resources and opportunities, by gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, may result in differences in individuals' vulnerability to domestic violence.City agencies should collaborate to capture gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation data to ensure that the capturing of such critical information is standardized across agencies.

Data Notes
This report relies upon data collected and reported by the New York City Police Department (NYPD) on domestic violence victims.It is important to note some limitations to the data and analysis: (1) the analysis reflects domestic violence that was reported only to the NYPD, and as noted in the report, domestic violence is known to be underreported; (2) the data was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic and reports of domestic violence to the NYPD were significantly lower than in previous years; (3) the data may not accurately reflect how someone self-identifies their race/ethnicity and only reflects the race/ethnicity captured on NYPD reports; and (3) the data also does not include how someone self-identifies their gender, and therefore, does not allow us to explore domestic violence against Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming individuals.The New York City Domestic Violence Hotline provides one-on-one support for domestic violence survivors through crisis counseling, safety planning, assistance finding domestic violence shelter, and information about other resources available.The hotline operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and can be reached at 1-800-621-HOPE (4673).

Endnotes
i A Domestic Incident Report (DIR) is a form that police must complete every time they respond to a domestic incident, whether or not an arrest is made.
ii Each community district, based on the New York City Department of City Planning, 2014-2018 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates, Selected Economic Characteristics, was assigned a rank using quartiles to create the socioeconomic index.Each set of the four indicators ((1) the percentage of individuals living below the poverty level; (2) the percentage of residents age 25 and older who has not graduated from high school; (3) the median household income; and (4) the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed) was ranked from one to four based on the quartiles (from high to low).The lower numbers represent lower SES and the higher numbers represent higher SES.

Table 1 : 2020 Percentage of Domestic Incident Reports, Felony Assault and Felony Rapes by Community Districts with High Poverty Rate, Low Median Household Income and High Unemployment Rate iv
The race of the victim could be determined in 101,471 incidents; of those, 49.6% (50,349) involved a Black individual, 34.8% (35,289) involved a White individual, 5.3% (5,353) involved an Asian/ Pacific Islander individual, 0.4% (444) involved an American Indian/Alaskan Native individual, and 9.9% (10,036) involved individuals who identified with another race.

Table 3 : 2020 Intimate Partner Felony Assault Victimization Rate (per 10,000 population)
In 2020, almost all (99.7%, 392 of 393 )of the reported intimate partner-related felony rapes involved a female victim.

Table 4 : 2020 Intimate Partner Felony Rape Victimization Rate (per 10,000 population)
The race of the victim could be determined in 378 rapes; of those, 40.2% (152) involved a Black individual, 36.0%(136)involved a Hispanic individual, 13.0% (49) involved a White individual, 10.8% (41) involved an Asian/Pacific Islander individual, and 0.3% (1) involved an American Indian/Alaskan Native individual.Nearly all (99.7%, 392 of 393) of the intimate partner felony rapes involved a female victim.Female Black residents were almost four times as likely as other New York City female residents to be a victim of an intimate partner-related felony rape (1.5 vs. 0.4).Hispanic female residents had the second highest rate of intimate partner-related felony rape in New York City (1.1).Asian/Pacific Islander female residents had the third highest victimization rate for intimate partner-related felony rape (0.6), followed by American Indian/Alaskan Native female residents (0.4) and White female residents, who had the fourth highest intimate partner felony rape victimization rate (0.3).

OR SOMEONE YOU KNOW IN NEED OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SERVICES? YOU CAN ACCESS SERVICES THROUGH:
New York City Family Justice Centers (NYC FJCs)New York City has a wide network of supportive services for survivors of domestic violence.ENDGBV operates the New York City Family Justice Centers (NYC FJCs).The NYC FJCs are in every borough and are safe, caring environments that provide one-stop services and support to survivors of domestic and gender-based violence, which can include sexual violence, human trafficking, stalking, and intimate partner violence.At the NYC FJCs, survivors can receive free and confidential services including safety planning, case management, counseling, economic empowerment, criminal justice advocacy and civil legal services, and can meet with City agencies, community providers, and the District Attorney's Office, all on-site.Learn more about the NYC FJCs at NYC Family Justice Centers NYC HOPE NYC HOPE is New York City's first web-based Resource Directory for domestic and gender-based violence services.The site features information for survivors and allies, such as recognizing signs and getting help, and an easy-to-search database for locating community resources, which also offers filters for special populations.The site also includes tech safety tips and connects users to other City agency sites to access information.NYC HOPE can be accessed at NYC HOPE New York City Domestic Violence Hotline Amuedo-Dorantes, C., & Arenas-Arroyo, E. (2019).Police trust and domestic violence: Evidence from immigration policies (No. 12721).IZA Discussion Papers.Bassett, Mary T. and Graves, Jasmine, D. (2018) "Uprooting Institutionalized Racism as Public Health Practice", April 2018, American Journal of Public Health, 108(4):457-458.ARE YOU These rankings add together to create a SES index for the four indicators.The New York City Department of City Planning reports American Community Survey results by Community District.However, the Census Bureau requires that no American Community Survey area have less than 100,000 people; to meet this requirement, several of the City's 59 Community Districts are combined for reporting purposes into 55 Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA).Bronx Community District 1 and 2 are combined into one PUMA, as are Bronx Community Districts 3 and 6, Manhattan Community Districts 1 and 2, and Manhattan Community Districts 4 and 5.