The Impact Of Violence Of The Visual Media On High School Students

In order to reach wide masses of people, instruments such as radio, newspapers, books, television, internet are the most widely known and used mass media. Mass communication and thus mass media are needed to maintain a partnership by maintaining social existence and to maintain this presence and partnership. It is known that these tools, which carry out various functions such as informing, raising public opinion, educating, entertaining, affect the people's lifestyles, tastes, preferences and habits about consumption, and the sensitivity and behaviour of young people. The aim of our study is to reach the conclusions about the role of violence in visual media on high school youth. The focus of our research is to determine the degree to which students studying in high school schools in Nicosia, especially our population, are affected by the violent images in visual media. In our research titled. The Effect of Violence in Visual Media on High School Students Med, the effects and effects of real-life images on the effects of violent images in visual media were discussed. It is generally accepted that television, which is the most influential of visual media tools, takes up more space in our lives and becomes more effective day by day. Because of this effectiveness, the fact that violence is included in daily life in television programs causes children and young people to experience psychological problems in general. It is possible for the TV audience to impose behavioural patterns, and what is right and what is wrong, can lead to undesirable behaviours in society. The increasing violence in the world and in our country has become a serious threat to our educational institutions, especially in recent years. The aim of this research is to determine the extent of the impact of visual media on the increasing violence in high schools in order to contribute to such a subject which is of utmost importance to every part of it. The research consisted of 11,350 students studying in 19 different high school institutions in Nicosia district. Considering the school types, 250 students in 7 schools were taken as the study population. A total of 120 students were randomly selected from these schools. In the evaluation of the data, statistical (frequency) and percentage (%) values and chi-square statistical technique were used. According to the results of the research, family, peer group, school, television, internet etc. can be mentioned. Of these, especially TV programs are focused on the internet. In order to prevent the negative effects of violence in the youth on the youth, all segments of the society, especially families, have great duties.


Introduction
The issue of visual media and violence has long been of importance to the agenda of the public, researchers and governments. This took the form of a stalemate in terms of different approaches to the subject. People complain about violence in the media. But he is unaware of the impact the scene of violence has on the victim. Violence is camouflaged with comedy.
Therefore, the people are not aware of the danger they face. It is not possible to deny the positive effects of media tools especially on computer (Roberts, Christenson & Gentile, 2003). internet and television in socializing children, having fun in taking cultural items, informing, developing attitudes and behaviours. In addition to all these mentioned positive effects, there are also various areas that affect the attitudes and behaviours of children and young viewers in a negative way (Patton, Hong, Ranney, Patel, Kelley Eschmann & Washington, 2014). Now, news, months, days in the world, not in hours after the event, can be transmitted in the moment of the transmission. The transfer of the Gulf war by the world's leading media giants is an important example in terms of demonstrating the distance travelled by the media (Hobbs, 2005). Communication from one individual or group to another, or by means of mass media in modern times, is very important for every society. For example, a society in which satellite television plays an important role has a clearly different form of vehicle than a community based on printed words carried by overseas ships. Everyday life is different in a society where there is a television with instant news from all over the world; for example, it plays an important role in society that relies on horses, ships or telegraph wires.
According to Mc Luhana, electronic media is a global village where people all over the world see the emergence of important events, and therefore join them together. The image of Osama Bin Laden, who is accused of being the mastermind of terrorist attacks in New York and Washington for billions of people, is more familiar to them than his neighbours next door (David-Ferdon ve Hertz, 2007). Because the television is located closer to us than our closest relatives and neighbours in the headquarter of our homes, bringing the world's farthest town closer to us than ours. Attenuation in kinship relations, social alienation; television watching and linearity. Children and young people facing the biggest threat in the face of visual media (Brown, and Bobkowski, 2011).
Increasing number of excused families day by day, parents and parents are uneasy.
The vast majority of people are now conscious. They do not want to leave their children in the hands of the media monster. The television and computers, which are almost indispensable in modern life, are now being questioned not only in academic circles but also in popular media.
Moreover, the fact that those who make this questioning themselves are televisionists, increase the importance and value of criticism and criticism. The process of being a global village that has found its place in the expression of media academician McLuhan, is fast but who in its favour? Time will show that. According to some pro-Western thinkers, modern, democratic and a good way of life for humanity is the globalization.
Countries that cannot hold the economic and technological power and who are exposed to the area of influence of monopolized capital consider it as a media craze or a cultural melting process. The first part of our research constitutes the conceptual stage in this section; media, violence, the relationship between the concepts of youth and the visual media-violence, the views on media and violence, and the types of publications that increase the effectiveness of violence in visual media are explained in detail. In the second part, the methods and techniques used in our research are presented and information about Nicosia, the research centre is given. A questionnaire was applied to 150 students who were chosen as pilot in the centre of Nicosia by random sampling method.
The questionnaires were conducted in 7 high schools in the district of Nicosia, and the education period in 2017-2018 was applied in December-February. The analysis and interpretation of the questionnaires were made in the program Windows SPSS for Windows 17,0. Frequency and percentage distributions were used in the analysis of the data. In addition, Chi-Square (Chi-Square) test was used to determine the effect of violence in visual media on high school students.
In the third part of the study, Chi-Square test results are explained with both their arithmetic values and their meanings.
In the evaluation of the results of the discussion and research, scientific discussions about the subject were given, and the results of our research were evaluated and interpreted.
Under the heading of conclusions and recommendations, suggestions were made in a way to shed light on the relevant sections of the society.

Methods
The population and sample of research

Population
The population of our research consists of 250 students in 7 high schools. The sample consisted of 14-19 age group.

Sample
7 high schools representing different schools were identified in the sample group of our study.
According to stratified sampling technique, the sample was determined according to the criteria for representing the population. In the Nicosia Centre, which was chosen as the population of research, a questionnaire developed by the researcher on 150 students selected from the high school institutions by random sampling method was applied.
The sampling rate of each species was taken to represent the percentage ratio in the u population.

Method of research
Our study consists of three parts. The first part is the conceptual framework for

Data analysis (interpretation) technique
In order to evaluate the data obtained by using SPSS package program, frequency distribution analysis and chi-square test were used. In the chi-square tests, p <0.05 values weretaken.

Assumption
High school youth is adversely affected by violence in visual media. This effect is reflected on the environment as violent behaviours. In this context, it is worth mentioning that our research has great value in terms of shedding light on the solution of an important social problem. The following questions were sought: The study consisted of 84 female and 166 male students. Total 250 100,0 The participants are young age groups between the ages of 14 and 19 years. The most important part of human life is the group of time. As an age group, high school youth constitutes a very busy period which includes the problems and dilemmas of high school students as well as adolescent problems. Since it is a period when identity and personality are not fully settled due to being a transition period, it has a structure that contains a much more ready-made human society. Participant students consist of 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades among the secondary school students. Our research was carried out with the participation of 20 students from the 9th grade, 153 students from the 10th grade, 70 students from the 11th grade and 7 students from the 12th grade.  According to the above table, it is seen that the education level of the participants is different from the education level of the parents. It is seen that the education level of the mother and the education level of the mother are 13%, and the rate of father education is 29.3%. This ratio is a reflection of the fact that the education of the boys, who can be called the general character of the Turkish family structure, is mostly preferred by girls. It is seen that the density of the mother occupation profile of the participants is in the housewife. Of the 250 students, 182 stated that the mother was a ğ housewife 250. It represents a very high rate with a percentage ratio of 81.7%.  When we look at the above table, we can see that the family structure of the participants is as high as 90% family. The traditional family structure was very low at 8%.
The core family structure, which is the general feature of today's industrial societies, makes itself felt predominantly in the centre of Nicosia. If the cultural structure in the traditional family structure is solved in the nuclear family structure, which is an indicator of the urban society structure, it is seen that the family ties are not very strong. If we look at the effects of visual media, we can say that family members have a very important place in determining their attitudes. When we look at the above table, it is seen that there is a meaningful relationship between the type of house where the family lives and the family structure. The rate of family living in the apartment is 80% and there is a direct proportion between the rates of the nuclear family. It is possible to establish the same proportion between the families living in detached houses and slums and between the traditional family types. The type of housing that we can call family type, which is common today, is apartment ğ type residences with modern structure.   When asked the students which communication tool they rely on, 30.3% radio, 6% newspaper, 7.3% television and 13% book-magazine 21%. The percentage of those who do not believe in any of them is 22.3% and has a significant height in terms of loss of confidence in the means of communication. In addition, the lack of confidence in television is noteworthy.   This ratio is an important ratio for young people to determine their point of view to television.

Media usage habits
The percentage of those who think that television is not harmful is 12.3%.  When I feel strong enough, I provide justice to secondary school students; do you think it is true? When asked; 36.7% of the students answered 'yes and 63.7% answered 'no'. When we look at the above table, it is seen that 36.3% of the youth are ready for the potential to commit crime at any moment in order to ensure justice.    28.7% answered "yes, I do not like" 23.3%, "sometimes I like" 48% of the respondents answered the question "Do you like watching violent movies?" If we consider "yes, I like" and "I like it sometimes" in one category, we can say that a very high rate of 66.3% likes films with violence. We can indicate that the proportions in the above table are bigger in terms of efficiency of violent seeding. As a result, 14.3% of the students "absolutely agree" 23, 25.7% "disagree", 31.3% "undecided"%, 23% "agree ', 5.5% "definitely agree". Although the proportion of those who be identical with the real life. The opinion he most supports is the idea that a person observes others by imitating their behaviour (Bandura, 1978). When asked the question of "How do you participate in the idea of television? The young people who participated in our application said, how much do you participate in the real life?
24.3% I agree "and 8% absolutely agree. % 32.3% of the youth believes that the television tells the real life. When asked u Generally speaking, we live in a dangerous world, how much do you agree with your thinking? 66% of the students are worried. 7.7% of the students answered absolutely disagree ', 12.3% "disagree %, 35% "agree' and 23% absolutely agree. According to the table above, the belief that people can exploit when they have the opportunity in society is 58%. 'Strongly disagree," 13.7% "agree" 14.3% "agree" 34.3% 'kind' strongly agree 13.3%. The data of the above table corresponds to the data of the previous table. It is noteworthy that there is a lack of confidence in the youth in the social sphere or a high rate of insecurity.  According to Table 29, some important points are noteworthy. Those who rely on the radio and the book / magazine who believe in the belief about the media's influence on attitudes and behaviours are more critical than those who rely on television, newspapers and the Internet. Because those who rely on the radio, a high proportion (83.3%) think that the media has an effect on attitudes and behaviours.
On the contrary, in terms of those who think that the media has no effect on attitudes and behaviours, 45.5% newspaper, 42.9% internet and 41% television responded to the highest rate.  27.8% of the students who rely on the radio, 27.8% of those who trust the radio, 4.5% of those who trust the newspaper, 17.9% of those who trust in TV, 6.3% of those who trust in books and magazines, The most important tool in their solution. On the other hand, 85.7% of the students who trust the Internet, 7.2% of those who rely on radio, 95.5% of those who trust the newspaper, 82.1% of those who trust in TV, 93.7% of those who trust in books and magazines, they do not see violence as an important tool in solving problems. When we look at the data in Table 73, 87.7% of the students do not consider violence as a solution tool. 59.5% of the students who watch television for 1-2 hours on average see it as dangerous to walk outside at night. On the other hand, 63.4% of the students watching television for 2 to 5 hours, and 20.8% of the students watching television for 5-9 hours, 57.8% of those who have never watched television, see the outside at night as dangerous.

Results and discussion
For more than half a century, the effects of the media and the television as a media tool on human behaviour have been investigated and discussed in scientific platforms. At first glance, this technology has positive effects on the masses. It is one of the most important features that television broadcasts give the opportunity to be aware of the world over the audience, to be more aware of the environment in which they live, to provide information and Researchers are able to monitor aggression and increase the likelihood of being aggressive, especially in the short term.
Nowadays, the effects of television such as consciousness vaccination, attitude change, and behaviour orientation are much discussed. The most vulnerable group is children and young people.
Therefore, the centre of our research constitutes an important part of society constitutes the secondary youth. In this study, it was investigated whether the students studying in secondary education were affected from the images of violence in the visual media or the violent programs in the media.
Are there any effects of violent images in the visual media especially in the violent behaviour that some young people reflect on the environment in social life? Questions were sought.
Our questionnaire was analyzed and interpreted in SPSS statistical program.
Frequency and percentage distributions were used in the analysis of the findings. Also, according to the variables such as school type, gender, age, class, mother education status, type of housing, type of communication tools, television watching time, it was aimed to determine the effect of violence in visual media on secondary school youth. A significance level of 0.05 was searched by using Square test. To summarize the result of our research, the youth of secondary education is adversely affected by the presentations on violence in visual media. This effect is reflected on the environment as violent behaviours. In this context, it is worth mentioning that our research has great value in terms of shedding light on the solution of an important social problem. As a result, it was revealed that students were affected by the television programs they watched and they used violence in their lives as a life style and used to solve their problems. It has been revealed that the media is effective in determining the attitudes and behaviors of young people, violence-related films and programs are a bad example for young people and young people want to solve their problems by the methods used by the heroes in the films.

Conclusions and recommendations
Nowadays, the media has not become an active and prominent part of our lives as much as it is not seen in any period of human history. For example, in modern societies, 50 percent to 80 percent of the workforce is concentrated in the media sector. In times of work, the media and media are filled with the products of the media.
For a moment, when we think that media tools are withdrawn from our lives, it is thought that life will stop, lose its meaning and all relations will come to a breaking point.
Thus, it can be said that the media has formed our consciousness, our identity, our feelings, our thoughts and even our lives, even in different planes and in different dimensions and proportions. While the media influences us, it is also affected by the society, indirectly, by changing itself to meet the needs and demands of the society.
Today, the concept of violence emerges as a concept that most people are accustomed to.
Explaining the different forms of violence in visual and written media, teaching the forms of violence to be practiced, exhibiting some violent behaviours to be encouraged to be encouraged to be exhibited in our lives, can lead to the existence of violence in our lives and to have a permanent place.
Nowadays, television is perhaps the most easily accessible and most widely used tool in all mass media, and it attracts attention as the most effective learning channel. Children and adolescents began to spend more time in front of television and computers. Violence, violence and aggression in all mass media, especially television programs, films, cartoons, TV series and computer games, have been remarkable and thought provoking in recent years. Parallel to this, violence, such as killing, wounding, fighting, harassment, rape and threats, especially spreading among children and adolescents, highlighted the need to investigate the impact of media violence on children and adolescents. Many scientific researchers have made clear that the violence observed in television and the media has a triggering, accelerating and encouraging effect on the emotions, thoughts, values, attitudes and behaviours of children in both short and long term (Basch, 2011).
Sometimes, human nature is seen as a part of the birth of human nature, sometimes seen as part of humanity is thought to have become a part of the human development in every period has been seen as a concept has been seen and examined. Adolescence is one of these periods.
Adolescence and young adulthood are defined as periods of violent behaviour. Violence is a phenomenon that spans many areas of our lives. On TVs and newspapers, there are various news articles that contain violence every day.
Violence is the power of one to prove the power of another. For those who practice violence, whatever the consequences, this is the destruction for others. In the context of mutual relations, one or more of the parties, directly or indirectly, treats one or more of the others' bodily and moral integrity, their goods, or their symbolic and cultural values, regardless of their proportion. There are violence. This is a shame on humanity.
Violence affects every part of society, especially children and young people. So, what should we do? What kind of a way should we follow as a society to minimize the impact of violence on children? In the society, a number of tasks fall in the media sector or media bosses, parents, state-bureaucrats, schools and youth.