NOVEL METHOD FOR FIRE RETARDANCY OF COTTON FABRICS COATED BY SPINACH LEAF EXTRACT ASSISTED BY CORONA DISCHARGE PLASMA

The application of material physics in the functional textile field has been widely applied, one of them is plasma technology. In this research, the fire retardant properties have been developed on cotton fabric textile using spinach leaf extract and commercial fire retardant resin using plasma technology pre-treatment. The properties of flame-retardant was applied to the cotton fabric with the help of atmospheric-pressure plasma method using a tip-cylinder electrode to improve absorbency time of spinach leaf extract. The cotton fabric used had undergone bleaching and mercerization process. In this research, two types of methods have been carried out, namely the immersion method on the commercial fire retardant resin substance with atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment and the immersion method on spinach leaf extract with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. The fire retardant properties were tested using the standard method of fire retardant ASTM D6413-08, vertical method. In this research, atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment with a time variation of 2 minutes and 4 minutes has been carried out. The results showed that the cotton fabric treated with the immersion method on spinach leaf extract and atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment hava better fire retardant and absorbency time properties. It has also been found that the lenght of plasma exposure time on cotton fabrics will affect the fabric’s fire retardant properties. ABSTRAK Aplikasi fisika material dalam bidang tekstil fungsional telah banyak diterapkan, salah satunya adalah teknologi plasma. Pada penelitian ini, sifat tahan api telah dikembangkan pada material kain katun menggunakan ekstrak daun bayam dan resin tahan api komersial dengan perlakuan pendahuluan menggunakan teknologi plasma. Peningkatan sifat tahan api telah diterapkan pada kain katun dengan bantuan metode plasma tekanan atmosfer dengan elektroda lancip-silinder yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan daya serap ekstrak daun bayam. Kain katun yang digunakan adalah kain katun yang telah mengalami proses pemutihan dan merserisasi. Dalam penelitian ini, dua jenis metode telah dilakukan, yaitu metode perendaman pada zat resin tahan api dengan pra-perlakuan plasma tekanan atmosfer dan metode perendaman pada ekstrak daun bayam dengan perlakuan plasma tekanan atmosfer. Penilaian sifat tahan api diuji menggunakan metode standar metode vertikal fire retardant Manuscript Entry : 28 Mei 2020 Revision : 15 Oktober 2020 Approved : 26 Oktober 2020 Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah. Vol. 37 No. 2, Desember 2020, Hal. 207 218 Putra, V.G.., dkk Novel Method For Fire Retardancy Of Cotton Fabrics Coated By ... 208 ASTM D6413-08. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan perlakuan plasma tekanan atmosfer dengan variasi waktu 2 menit dan 4 menit. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kain katun yang diperlakukan dengan metode perendaman pada ekstrak daun bayam dan pra-perlakuan plasma tekanan atmosfer memiliki sifat tahan api dan waktu serap yang lebih baik. Selain hal tersebut, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian juga dapat disimpulkan bahwa durasi paparan plasma akan mempengaruhi sifat tahan api dari kain katun. INTRODUCTION According to (Putra & Wijayono, 2019), application of physics in the field of textiles is increasingly found in various textile processes starting from fiberto yarn process,cloth fabrication process,and the finishing process. In the finishing process, the application of physics can be found in an in-depth study of the application of plasma. According to (Shishoo, 2007), (Putra & Wijayono, 2019) and (Murti & Putra, 2020) Plasma finishing/coating refers to the deposition of a thin coating (in nanometers) onto the substrates or fabric. In thin-layer coating process, plasma is used to change the nano surface of the material and also to increase absorption and bonding capacity of it. Improved quality of this coating can be achieved by using a plasma generator device such as plasma corona discharge in combination with a liquid as a coating material. The liquid can be chosen according to the targeted functionality. Applications include, for example, oleophobic properties, fire retardant, or antibacterial properties. (Rauscher, Perucca, & Buyle, 2010) state that in the field of textiles, fabrics can be obtained from organic materials (such as silk, cotton) and also synthetic materials (such as polyester fabrics). Fabric construction can be made by using knitting or weaving techniques or even non-woven methods. The main problem of fabric and polymer-based organic materials is the nonfire retardant properties of these materials which could potentially cause dangers (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . Natural cellulose fibres such as cotton and silk are examples of nonfire retardant materials (Horrocks, 1983) (Horrocks, 2008; Horrocks, 2019) (Miller, Martin, Meiser, & Gargiullo, 1976) (Parmar & Chakraborty, 2001) . Possible dangers arising from the characteristic of cloth (highly flammable, difficult to absorb liquid, etc.) are more common in many textile materials, such as clothing and household apparatus (Horrocks, 2008) . Based on some reports, about 20% of fires at home caused by textile materials (textiles as the first item on fire) were occurred in European countries in 1998 and about 50% of deaths caused by these fires (The Goverment Statistical Office, 1997) (A.R.Horrocks & price, 2001) (The Associated Press, 1997) (The Associated Press, 1997). Efforts to improve fire retardant properties in textile materials using plasma technology have been expressed by several researchers (Errifai, Jama, Bras, Delobel, & Gengembre, 2004) (Horrocks, 2019) (Horrocks, Flame retardant/retardant textile coatings and laminates. , 2008) (Miller, Martin, Meiser, & Gargiullo, 1976) (Palaskar, Desai, & Shukla, 2015) (Shahidi, 2013) (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) . Some researchers have used plasma as one method to apply fire retardant coatings on the surface of materials (Errifai, Jama, Bras, Delobel, & Gengembre, 2004) (Shahidi, 2013) (Palaskar, Desai, & Shukla, 2015) (Miller, Martin, Meiser, & Gargiullo, 1976) There are several ways to improve fire retardant properties of textile materials, such as fibre mixing techniques (Miller et al., 1976); coating techniques (Horrocks, 2008) (Horrocks, 2019) ; plasma techniques (Shahidi, 2013) (Palaskar, Desai, & Shukla, 2015) ; and polymer grafting techniques Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah. Vol. 37 No. 2, Desember 2020, hal. 207 218 Putra, V.G.., dkk Novel Method For Fire Retardancy Of Cotton Fabrics Coated By ... 209 (Errifai, Jama, Bras, Delobel, & Gengembre, 2004). Plasma is the 4th material composed of ionized gas substances (Shishoo, 2007) (Putra & Wijayono, 2019) . Plasma has properties similar to gasses, which do not have volume and shape (Shishoo, 2007) . In textile production process, plasma can be used for several applications, including to modify the hydrophilic properties of a material; increase adhesion power; improve dye ability; addition of anti-dirty, antibacterial and retardant properties; use of sterilization applications; and improvement of anti-drag on wool fibre (Amril, 2015) (Putra & Wijayono, 2019) . According to some researchers, plasma can be categorized as a solution of industrial problems in the energy and environmental fields. Plasma process has been known for its waterless characteristic because of the dry process, so it can be considered as a solution to the problem of waste (Rauscher, Perucca, & Buyle, 2010) (Sjaifudin & Sitohang, 2015) (Sjaifudin, Widodo, Muhlisin, & Nur, 2014) . Some examples of industrial sectors that apply plasma technology include the textile industry, polymers, boards, paper, ceramics, metals, medical, inorganic and biomaterial materials, and the chemical industry (Shishoo, 2007) . Although the use of plasma technology in textile sector has proven to show good results, but the slow development of plasma technology in Indonesia and the ignorance of the industry regarding the use of plasma technology make the utilization of this technology in said industry very rare. The application of plasma technology as an effort to improve the fire retardant properties of cotton fabric has been successfully carried out by several researchers (Shahidi, 2013) (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) . The process of plasma nitrogen in cotton fabric material has been shown to increase in fire retardant properties, with an increase in the char yield parameter of 6.8% and LOI of 3.3 (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013). it shows an increase in fire retardant properties by 4 times for the treatment of plasma nitrogen without nano clay on cotton fabrics (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) . The fire retardant properties could be associated with the construction of cationic groups on cotton fabrics, due to particle changes on the surface of cellulose fibres, observed and examined by FTIR (Shahidi, 2013). In other studies, plasma processes have been carried out to improve the fire retardant properties of cotton woven fabric materials (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013). Based on the research results of some researchers (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) ; (T.T.Yen, Wang, & W.j.Guo, 2013) (Yen, T.Wang, & Guo, 2012) (Wang, Han, & W.Ke, 2006) ; (Huang, Yang, Wang, & Gao, 2012); (Nazaré, Kandola, & A. R. Horrocks, 2006) ; (Thirumal, Khastgir, Singha, Manjunath, & Naik, 2009) the plasma process has succeeded in producing cotton fabric material that is fire-retardant, with an increment of the char yield parameter to 10.10% and LOI of 5. The combined plasma process and the application of nano clay shows an increment in fire retardant properties by 5 times than the previous studies (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) Spinach leaf extract has been known to add fire retardant properties to cotton fabric (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . The application of spinach leaf extract on cotton fabric has been shown to increase LOI parameters to 12 from (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . Increasing of the LOI value affects the total burning with afterglow time of cotton fabric. With increasing concentration of spinach leaf extract, the burning with flame time could be reduced and the burning with afterglow time could be increased. Basak (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) defined flame time or the burning with flame time as the duration from when the Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah. Vol. 37 No. 2, Desember 2020, Hal. 207 218 Putra, V.G.., dkk Novel Method For Fire Retardancy Of Cotton Fabrics Coated By ... 210 fabric is first burned until it’s extinguished, while coal time is defined as the duration from when the fires goes out until it’s extinguished. (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) explained that with the addition of spinach extract onto the fabric, the burning with flame time decreased significantly even to zero (with a duration of time before treatment was 60 s and after treatment is zero), whereas burning with afterglow or after flame stop has a tendency to rise (with before treatment of 0 s and after treatment of 400 s) with horizontal flammability has a tendency to increase. It has also been found that the addition of spinach leaf extract to cotton fabric also decreases the total heat produced by 22% in the combustion process (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . The content of metal salts, silicates and water molecules are substances that contribute to the fire retardant properties produced by the spinach leaf extract material (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . The EDX analysis results show that the spinach leaf extract that has been applied to cotton fabric contains 33.54% C element, 57.28% O element, 7.78% Na element, 0.46% Mg element, 0.21% Si element, 0.14% Cl element, 0.13% K element, and 0.16% Ca element. The content of nutrients in spinach plants namely Zn is a hygroscopic material when exposed to heat (fire). When the Zn element in spinach extract is exposed to heat (fire), it will be decomposed by the reaction, ZnCl2.H2O ZnCl (OH) + HCl + H2O By heating, Magnesium element will form chloride-free radicals that can stop the flame. In this study, two types of fire retardant materials were used, such as fire retardant resin and spinach leaf extract. In this study, two methods were carried out, namely the immersion method on the fire retardant resin substance with atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment, and the immersion method on spinach leaf extract with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Based on some previous research, the application of plasma pretreatment by using a new type of tipcylinder electrode to increase the absorption and adhesion of spinach leaf extract has not been done by many researchers researchers (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) ; (T.T.Yen, Wang, & W.j.Guo, 2013) (Yen, T.Wang, & Guo, 2012) (Wang, Han, & W.Ke, 2006) ; (Huang, Yang, Wang, & Gao, 2012); (Nazaré, Kandola, & A. R. Horrocks, 2006) ; (Thirumal, Khastgir, Singha, Manjunath, & Naik, 2009) . In this research, the plasma treatment is expected to enhance the absorption and adhesion properties of spinach leaf extract as well as to improve the fire retardant properties.


INTRODUCTION
According to (Putra & Wijayono, 2019), application of physics in the field of textiles is increasingly found in various textile processes starting from fiberto yarn process,cloth fabrication process,and the finishing process. In the finishing process, the application of physics can be found in an in-depth study of the application of plasma. According to (Shishoo, 2007), (Putra & Wijayono, 2019) and (Murti & Putra, 2020) Plasma finishing/coating refers to the deposition of a thin coating (in nanometers) onto the substrates or fabric. In thin-layer coating process, plasma is used to change the nano surface of the material and also to increase absorption and bonding capacity of it. Improved quality of this coating can be achieved by using a plasma generator device such as plasma corona discharge in combination with a liquid as a coating material. The liquid can be chosen according to the targeted functionality. Applications include, for example, oleophobic properties, fire retardant, or antibacterial properties. (Rauscher, Perucca, & Buyle, 2010) state that in the field of textiles, fabrics can be obtained from organic materials (such as silk, cotton) and also synthetic materials (such as polyester fabrics). Fabric construction can be made by using knitting or weaving techniques or even non-woven methods. The main problem of fabric and polymer-based organic materials is the nonfire retardant properties of these materials which could potentially cause dangers (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . Natural cellulose fibres such as cotton and silk are examples of nonfire retardant materials (Horrocks, 1983) (Horrocks, 2008;Horrocks, 2019) (Miller, Martin, Meiser, & Gargiullo, 1976) (Parmar & Chakraborty, 2001) . Possible dangers arising from the characteristic of cloth (highly flammable, difficult to absorb liquid, etc.) are more common in many textile materials, such as clothing and household apparatus (Horrocks, 2008) . Based on some reports, about 20% of fires at home caused by textile materials (textiles as the first item on fire) were occurred in European countries in 1998 and about 50% of deaths caused by these fires (The Goverment Statistical Office, 1997) (A.R. Horrocks & price, 2001) (The Associated Press, 1997) (The Associated Press, 1997).
Plasma is the 4 th material composed of ionized gas substances (Shishoo, 2007) (Putra & Wijayono, 2019) . Plasma has properties similar to gasses, which do not have volume and shape (Shishoo, 2007) . In textile production process, plasma can be used for several applications, including to modify the hydrophilic properties of a material; increase adhesion power; improve dye ability; addition of anti-dirty, antibacterial and retardant properties; use of sterilization applications; and improvement of anti-drag on wool fibre (Amril, 2015) (Putra & Wijayono, 2019) . According to some researchers, plasma can be categorized as a solution of industrial problems in the energy and environmental fields. Plasma process has been known for its waterless characteristic because of the dry process, so it can be considered as a solution to the problem of waste (Rauscher, Perucca, & Buyle, 2010) (Sjaifudin & Sitohang, 2015) (Sjaifudin, Widodo, Muhlisin, & Nur, 2014) . Some examples of industrial sectors that apply plasma technology include the textile industry, polymers, boards, paper, ceramics, metals, medical, inorganic and biomaterial materials, and the chemical industry (Shishoo, 2007) . Although the use of plasma technology in textile sector has proven to show good results, but the slow development of plasma technology in Indonesia and the ignorance of the industry regarding the use of plasma technology make the utilization of this technology in said industry very rare.
The application of plasma technology as an effort to improve the fire retardant properties of cotton fabric has been successfully carried out by several researchers (Shahidi, 2013) (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) . The process of plasma nitrogen in cotton fabric material has been shown to increase in fire retardant properties, with an increase in the char yield parameter of 6.8% and LOI of 3.3 (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013). it shows an increase in fire retardant properties by 4 times for the treatment of plasma nitrogen without nano clay on cotton fabrics (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) . The fire retardant properties could be associated with the construction of cationic groups on cotton fabrics, due to particle changes on the surface of cellulose fibres, observed and examined by FTIR (Shahidi, 2013). In other studies, plasma processes have been carried out to improve the fire retardant properties of cotton woven fabric materials (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013). Based on the research results of some researchers (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) ; (T.T. Yen, Wang, & W.j.Guo, 2013) (Yen, T.Wang, & Guo, 2012) (Wang, Han, & W.Ke, 2006) ; (Huang, Yang, Wang, & Gao, 2012); (Nazaré, Kandola, & A. R. Horrocks, 2006) ; (Thirumal, Khastgir, Singha, Manjunath, & Naik, 2009) the plasma process has succeeded in producing cotton fabric material that is fire-retardant, with an increment of the char yield parameter to 10.10% and LOI of 5. The combined plasma process and the application of nano clay shows an increment in fire retardant properties by 5 times than the previous studies (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) Spinach leaf extract has been known to add fire retardant properties to cotton fabric (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . The application of spinach leaf extract on cotton fabric has been shown to increase LOI parameters to 12 from (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . Increasing of the LOI value affects the total burning with afterglow time of cotton fabric. With increasing concentration of spinach leaf extract, the burning with flame time could be reduced and the burning with afterglow time could be increased. Basak (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) defined flame time or the burning with flame time as the duration from when the fabric is first burned until it's extinguished, while coal time is defined as the duration from when the fires goes out until it's extinguished. (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) explained that with the addition of spinach extract onto the fabric, the burning with flame time decreased significantly even to zero (with a duration of time before treatment was 60 s and after treatment is zero), whereas burning with afterglow or after flame stop has a tendency to rise (with before treatment of 0 s and after treatment of 400 s) with horizontal flammability has a tendency to increase. It has also been found that the addition of spinach leaf extract to cotton fabric also decreases the total heat produced by 22% in the combustion process (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . The content of metal salts, silicates and water molecules are substances that contribute to the fire retardant properties produced by the spinach leaf extract material (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) . The EDX analysis results show that the spinach leaf extract that has been applied to cotton fabric contains 33.54% C element, 57.28% O element, 7.78% Na element, 0.46% Mg element, 0.21% Si element, 0.14% Cl element, 0.13% K element, and 0.16% Ca element. The content of nutrients in spinach plants namely Zn is a hygroscopic material when exposed to heat (fire). When the Zn element in spinach extract is exposed to heat (fire), it will be decomposed by the reaction, ZnCl2.H2O ZnCl (OH) + HCl + H2O By heating, Magnesium element will form chloride-free radicals that can stop the flame. In this study, two types of fire retardant materials were used, such as fire retardant resin and spinach leaf extract. In this study, two methods were carried out, namely the immersion method on the fire retardant resin substance with atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment, and the immersion method on spinach leaf extract with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Based on some previous research, the application of plasma pretreatment by using a new type of tipcylinder electrode to increase the absorption and adhesion of spinach leaf extract has not been done by many researchers researchers (Shahidi & Ghoranneviss, 2013) ; (T.T. Yen, Wang, & W.j.Guo, 2013) (Yen, T.Wang, & Guo, 2012) (Wang, Han, & W.Ke, 2006) ; (Huang, Yang, Wang, & Gao, 2012); (Nazaré, Kandola, & A. R. Horrocks, 2006) ; (Thirumal, Khastgir, Singha, Manjunath, & Naik, 2009) . In this research, the plasma treatment is expected to enhance the absorption and adhesion properties of spinach leaf extract as well as to improve the fire retardant properties.

METHODOLOGY
In this research, a sample of textile was Tip-cylinder configured plasma devices were generated using a maximum DC source up to 5 kV. Figure 1 shows the scheme of the tip-cylinder plasma device used in this study. Point electrodes were used as positive electrodes, whereas solid cylindrical electrodes act as negative electrodes. The distance between the electrodes used was 3 cm. Point electrodes consist of 3 taper metals connected in series with a distance of 2.5 cm each bolt. Figure 2 shows a picture of the plasma device used in this study. The presence of plasma could be observed when there was a glowing violet light in the space between the active electrodes and passive electrodes. Figure 3 shows the construction of a plasma in the region between active electrodes and passive electrodes. The drying and curing process was carried out using a stenter machine which was set at temperature of

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Water Drop Test
The water drop test was carried out on a sample of 10x6 cm 2 cotton fabric, a plain-woven fabric made from 100% cotton with the surface density of 200 g / m 2 . Cotton fabric has a specification of feed density of 30 strands/inch and warp density of 40 strands/inch, with the number of warp Ne1 25 and number of Ne1 weft 30. Plasma radiation exposure was carried out to modify cotton fabric through plasma treatment for 2 minutes and 4 minutes with air as a plasma medium. Direct testing was carried out after the completion of the fabric surface modification process using a plasma generator by measuring the length of time through a stopwatch and drop test with a pipette. The results of the absorption time test after surface modification with plasma were then compared with the absorbency time of cotton fabric without plasma treatment (as shown in Table 1) Based on drops test experiments for 100% cotton fabric with plasma exposure for 2 minutes and 4 minutes, the optimal fabric absorption time is 4 minutes with fabric absorption time of 2 seconds. Figure 4 shows the FTIR spectra of a 100% cotton-based woven fabric treated under different conditions, respectively. FTIR-ATR analysis can help study the interaction between cotton fabric and plasma species (Kan & Lam, 2018). FTIR-ATR spectra showed the results that the plasma treatment had given changes to the surface chemical structure of cotton cellulose fibres.

Modifications of Functional Groups of Cotton Fabrics with Plasma
The absorption intensity at 3400-3200 cm -1 (O-H) of the plasma cotton fabric is slightly higher than that of the non-plasma fabric, which indicates the presence of additional O-H stretches after atmospheric plasma pre-treatment (ian, et al., 2011) (Samanta, Jassal, & Agrawal, 2009) Peak intensity in the region of 1657-1605 cm -1 (C = O) increases and small peaks emerge after plasma treatment, which shows the effect of oxidation on the surface of the fabric after undergoing plasma (ian, et al., 2011) (Samanta, Jassal, & Agrawal, 2009) . Besides, in the band area of 1330-1000 cm − 1 , a higher peak of absorbance was obtained on cotton fabric that was given plasma treatment. The band area 1330-1000 cm -1 is associated with oxygen-containing groups from stretching C -O. Increasing the C = O band and stretching the C-O confirm that there are additional polar groups on the surface of the fibre after plasma (ian, et al., 2011) (Samanta, Jassal, & Agrawal, 2009) . This shows that plasma treatment can increase the hydrophilicity of cotton fabrics. The peak value of 2980-2800 cm -1 is related to the stretching of the methylene group (-CH2-) in the long chain of alkyl which shows the presence of wax in the cotton cellulose material (Chung, lee, & Choe, 2004) . The level of absorbance in the value of 2980-2800 cm -1 was reduced after the cotton fabric material was given plasma treatment. This shows that there is a decrease in the amount of wax content on the surface of the cellulose material. The increased hydrophilicity of cotton fabrics could be confirmed based on the results of FTIR that have been carried out. Based on this, fabric samples that had been given plasma exposure had a higher absorption of the fire retardant substances that were given. Increased absorption can be caused by the increasing of the number of hydroxyl groups as well as the decreasing of the amount of wax content in the cellulose material that was given plasma treatment. This could be confirmed based on the results of testing the fire retardant properties in Table 2. Samples that had undergone plasma treatment had a shorter flame time and had a longer charcoal length compared to without plasma treatment. This is related to the increased adhesive properties and absorption of cotton fabrics after radiation by plasma (Shishoo, 2007, Putra& Wijayono, A).

Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabric
The test method of fire retardant could be used through the British standard 3119; 1959, or based on the AATCC Test Method 34-1969. In this study, the method used in this test is based on the ASTM D6413-08 vertical method of fire retardant standard test methods. In this study, the results of testing the fire retardant properties of cotton fabric obtained from several different treatment methods had been obtained. The variations in the refinement of fire retardant properties that were carried out include variations in the fire retardant used, the method of application of fire retardant, and the addition of the plasma process in the pre-treatment stage. Table 2 shows the results of data testing the fire retardant properties of several variations of the treatment that has been done. In this study, the test results had successfully shown that there was an influence of the type of application method used on the fire retardant properties. This study also conducted a comparison between different fire retardant substances, namely between Leguard 700 fire retardant resin (treatment A) and spinach leaf extract (treatment B). fire retardant properties resulting from different substances can be observed from the data obtained.
Basak (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) said that the burning time or the burning with the flame time is the time when the fabric is first burned and the fire is extinguished and coal time is the time when the time from fires goes out until the coal extinguished. In this study, spinach extract showed better fire retardant properties than the commercial flameretardant resin. It can be seen from the shorter burning time and coal time, also greater length of charcoal for fabric samples with spinach leaf extract compared to commercial fire retardant resin (Basak, Samanta, & Chattopadhyay, 2014) .The heating factor in the immersion process also contributes to opening the pores of cellulose fibre, so that the contents of the spinach extract easily enter the fibre. Based on the observational data, samples of spinach extract fabric that had been treated with the plasma method for 4 minutes and impregnation for an hour have a burning time of 10.02 seconds with a coal time of 81 seconds and a charcoal length of 13.5 cm. It has been found that the addition of spinach leaf extract to cotton fabric also decreases the total heat produced by decreasing the burning and coal time also increasing the charcoal length. Plasma treatment caused lower burning with flame time and lower coal time and also greater charcoal length for B (Spinach leaf extract), so the plasma treatment increased the fire retardancy, but not for A (commercial fire retardant substances). Basak, Samanta & Chattopadhyay (2014) explained that with the addition of spinach extract onto the fabric, the burning with flame time decreased significantly with horizontal flammability has a tendency to increase. The decreasing of burning with flame time and increasing the charcoal length and coal time can be caused by the increased absorption properties of fabric which is treated by plasma according to Table1 so that the mineral salt content of spinach extract enters the fibre easily. This finally results in better fire resistance. The presence of mineral salts can slow down the thermal decomposition of cellulose because it can help produce more charcoal (indicated by the charcoal length 13.5 cm) and non-combustible gases such as CO2 and H2O. This gas can dilute flammable gases such as levoglucosan and pyroglucosan which are produced during the pyrolysis of cellulose in the combustion process.
In this study we have also found that based on drops test experiments for 100% cotton fabric with plasma exposure for 2 minutes and 4 minutes, the optimal fabric absorption time is 4 minutes with fabric absorption time of two seconds, so we can get more extract that can be coated on fabric as well as we can improve the fire retardant of the fabric.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusion
This research has shown the spinach leaf extract properties as fire retardant material on cotton fabric with the plasma pre-treatment method. Spinach leaf extract assisted by plasma had been succeed in showing better fire retardant properties on cotton fabrics compared to commercial fire retardant resin. Based on observational data, cotton fabric that have been treated by plasma pre-treatment have a better fire retardant cotton fabric compared to commercial fire retardant substances.

Suggestions
Further research is expected to be investigated regarding modeling to determine the relationship of input voltage, plasma treatment time for modification of fabric properties and fire retardancy

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION
Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra conceived of the presented idea. Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra and Juliany Ningsih Mohamad developed the theory and corona discharged plasma. Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra and Andrian Wijayono verified the analytical methods. Juliany Ningsih Mohamad encouraged Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra to investigate and supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

ACKNOWLEDMENT
The author would like to thank Dr. Mohamad Widodo for sharing the knowledge of plasma technology and also the Department of Textile Engineering Polytechnic STTT Bandung and the Physics Laboratory of Universitas Nusa Cendana for supporting this research activity so that this research can be completed well.