Polymorphisms of MicroRNA-146a Gene in Behcet’s Disease in Iraqi Patients

The present study was carried out to detect the association of miR-146a haplotypes polymorphisms with Behcet’s Disease in Iraqi patients, PCR-SSCP technique used in present study, blood was used to DNA extraction, the results show that there was strong association between miR-146a and Behçet’s Disease there were two patterns (A and B), polymorphisms show significant differences (p>0.05) between patients and control where haplotype A was appeared in control with (4% ) while in patients (43%) and haplotype B was appeared in control with (96% ) while in patients (57%). The present study concluded that there was association between miR-146a polymorphisms with Behçet’s Disease, our finding need more investigation to use this polymorphism as early indication of Behçet’s Disease incidence.

Behcet's Disease (BD) is a inflammatory disease of unclear etiology characterized by three associated symptoms including attacks of ocular lesions, oral aphthous ulcers, and genital sores, (Sakane et al., 1999). The complications of disease result from the variation the intensity of relapsing episodes and self-limiting in time. Behcet's Disease is associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly in males with early age onset (Mendes et al., 2009). Several studies are assumed that the disease may occur in individuals who are genetically susceptible in association with environmental agents. (de Menthon et al., 2009) miRNAs, are families of non-coding RNAs which is the regulation of gene expression their main functions where they participate in the regulation of immune response pathways and several gene. (Chatzikyriakidou et al., 2012). miRNAs, can mediated the immune disorders and inflammation pathways by regulating their cellular and molecular targets (Chen et al., 2013). One of miRNAs that are related with apoptosis and inflammation processes is miR-146a which have important role in autoimmine diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. (Zhang et al., 2014, Mohsen, 2018. So the present study was aimed to detect the role of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Behcet's Disease (BD).

Materials and Methods
1-Sample and data collection; about 2 ml of whole blood was collected from patients of Behcet's Disease in Marjan hospital. All subjects in this study were taken written consent before participation in this study according to ethical approval of Iraq ministry of health, while control collected from healthy.
2-DNA extraction; DNA was extracted from whole blood using Favor gene extraction kit and concentration and purity were detected using nanodrope (Al-Terehi et al., 2016).
4-PCR conditions and size products miR-146a denaturation for 5min at 94°C, then 35 cycles (30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 57.8°C, 30 sat 72°C, and finally 10 min at 72°C). PCR products were determined by electrophoresis pattern in agarose gel (1.5% agarose, 70 V, 20 mA for 45 min) with ethidium bromide staining, the PCR size product were (195) bp for miR-146a.Statics, the results were statically analysis using odd ratio at CI 95% and p value <0.05).
5-SSCP technique, PCR products were denaturation using SSCP dye (EDTA, formamid and bromophynol blue) 1/1V:V in water bath for 5 min at 95°C then its child in ice for 2min.
6-SSCP electrophoresis, the products were electrophoresis as a following About 10 µl of the samples (sample+ dye) were loaded into wells of 8% acrylamide/bis gel containing 7%glycerol, and 1X TBE buffer. In more details; for recipe a 20× 20 0.1 cm gel format. 8 ml of 40% acrylamide/ bis (stoke solution 37.5:1) mixed with 8 ml of 5X TBE, 2.8 ml,100%glycerol, then 40 µl TEMED and 400 µl of 10% ammonium per sulfate were added with 20.8 ml of δH 2 O After gel was casting sample were loaded and Run under the following conditions. Buffer 5.5 X TBE, Buffer temperature 10°C, Runtime 1.5 h and 100V. Then gel was staining using ethedium bromide for 15 min. 7-Haplotype frequency were determination by variety of bands between patients and control.
8-The statics analysis implemented using Qi square and odd ratio at p value <0.05.

results and discussion
The results of present study show that the DNA has (50-200)ng and purity (1.7-2.2) as show in figure (1).
The results of miR-146a (rs2910164) of gene polymorphism which show in Table 1 and Figure 3 clarified the variation of haplotypes in patients and control, there were two patterns (A and B), polymorphisms show significant differences(p>0.05) between patients and control where haplotype A was appeared in control with (4% ) while in patients (43%) and haplotype B was appeared in control with (96% ) while in patients (57%). Behcet's Disease is classified as an inflammatory disease which is included within autoimmune disease ,and there were opinion that microRNAs have role in the regulation autoimmune diseases and participated in their pathogenesis. Several studies indicate that microRNAs can  lead to expansion of Th1 clonal and this state correlate with the occurrence of inflammation in autoimmune disease and uveitis that represent essential symptom in behchet disease (Zhou et al., 2014). In a study showed that the frequency of homozygous rs2910164 GG genotype increase in patients with Behcet's Disease more than the CC cases and GC cases and this associated strongly with increase in the interleukin-17 and tumer necrosis factors which are represents the inflammatory markers in autoimmune disease (Zhou et al.,2014).The study of (Park et al.,2016) found the presence of an association between the functional SNP (rs2910164) of miR-146a with susceptibility to Behcet's Disease.