초록

작업기억의 결함은 조현병(schizophrenia)에서 가장 일관되게 보고되어온 인지장애이다. 작업기억에 관한 선행 연구들은 자극의 새로움(novelty)이나 현저성(salience)에 따라 기억과정이 촉진될 수 있음을 보고해왔다. 본 연구에서는 특수한 운동자극이면서 사회적 정보를 포함하는 생물형운동(biological motion, BM)을 이용하여 정상인과 조현병환자집단에서의 작업기억수행을 관찰하였다. 실험 1에서는 자극종류(BM, non-biological motion: NBM)와 기억부하에 따라 지연반응과제의 수행을 관찰하였고, 실험 2에서는 지연시간에 따른 BM의 효과를 알아보기 위해 BM, NBM, 도형자극을 짧거나 긴 지연시간 조건에 따라 제시하였다. 실험 결과, 조현병환자집단은 정상인에 비해 전체적인 수행정도가 낮았다. 또한 두 집단 모두에서 BM이 다른 자극에 비해 기억정확도가 높았으나, 이 효과는 두 집단에서 다른 양상이었다. 정상인집단의 경우 기억부하 및 지연시간이 증가해도 BM의 효과가 유지되었으나, 조현병집단에서는 효과가 감소하였다. 그러나, 환자집단 내에서는 다른 자극에 비해 BM에 대한 정확도가 높게 유지되었다. 이 결과는 조현병환자들은 정상인에 비해 제한적이나, BM자극 특성에 의한 기억촉진효과를 경험한다는 점을 보여주며, 사회적 환경의 적절한 제공을 통해 저하된 인지기능을 다소 보완할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

키워드

작업기억, 생물형운동,  조현병, 사회인지

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