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The Building Blocks of Cognition in the Brain: A review of neuroimaging studies on working memory

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물
약어 : 심리인생
2012 vol.24, no.1, pp.19 - 39
DOI : 10.22172/cogbio.2012.24.1.002
발행기관 : 한국인지및생물심리학회
연구분야 : 심리과학
Copyright © 한국인지및생물심리학회
조수현 1

1중앙대학교

인용한 논문 수 :   -  
272 회 열람

Maintenance and manipulation of representations in working memory (WM) is the foundation for all cognitive processing. This paper will review neuroimaging studies focusing on the maintenance process of WM. In the first section, brain regions that increase activity during maintenance in WM are examined separately for each domain of information. Next, the controversy on the principle of functional organization of the prefrontal cortex, namely the hypotheses of domain-specificity vs. process-specificity. In the second section, the cognitive nature of the sustained prefrontal activity associated with WM will be examined. The differential functions of the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex will be discussed in relation to mnemonic and extra-mnemonic processes. In the third section, the overlap between the mechanism of long-term and WM will be reviewed along with the introduction of the component process approach to cognitive neuroscience.

작업 기억의 정보 유지 및 조작 기능은 모든 인지적 정보 처리의 기반이다. 이 논문은 작업 기억의 정보 유지 기능과 관련한 뇌 영상 연구들에 대한 개관이다. 본 논문의 첫 번째 주제는 정보의 종류(언어적, 시각적, 공간적 정보)에 따라 작업 기억의 가장 기초적인 과제인 ‘정보 유지(maintenance)’ 기능과 관련하여 활동이 증가하는 뇌 영역에 대한 고찰이다. 또한, 전두엽의 기능적 조직화(functional organization)의 원리에 대한 논쟁(domain-specificity vs. process- specificity)과 각 논지를 지지하는 실험적 증거들이 함께 소개된다. 두 번째 주제는 작업 기억에 정보가 유지되는 동안 지속적으로 활동하는 전두엽의 뇌 신호의 특성을 살펴보는 것이다. 기억(mnemonic) 및 기억-외적(extra-mnemonic) 정보 처리와 관련하여 상측 외전두엽과 하측 외전두엽 간의 서로 구별되는 특성에 대한 논의를 정리해 볼 것이다. 세 번째 주제는 장기 기억과 작업 기억 의 기제 간의 공통점과 공유되는 신경학적 기제들에 대한 논의이다. 이와 함께 인지 과정의 신경적 기반에 대한 연구에서 복잡한 인지 과정의 세부적 구성 요소(micro component process)를 단위로 실험하는 인지 신경과학의 접근 방법이 소개된다.

working memory, maintenance, long-term memory, fMRI
작업 기억, 유지 기능, 장기 기억, 기능성 자기 공명 영상

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