초록

본 연구에서는 연령에 따라 목표 단어에 대한 예측성 효과(predictability effect)가 어떤 양상으로 나타나는지 안구 운동 추적을 통해 알아보았다. 국내에서 예측성 효과를 다룬 문헌이 미비하여 먼저 실험 1에서 청년만을 대상으로 예측성 효과를 조사하였다. 총 60개의 목표 단어를 선정하였고, 각 목표 단어에 대해 예측성 변인의 두 수준(예측/비예측)이 있었다. 실험 참여자들이 한국어 문장을 읽는 동안 그들의 안구 운동을 실시간으로 기록하였고, 그 결과 초기 단어 재인에 관련된 안구운동 측정치와 총 읽기시간에 대해 유의한 예측성 효과가 나타났다. 실험 1을 바탕으로 한국어 문장을 읽을 때도 예측성 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다. 이에 실험 2에서는 실험 1과 동일한 자극을 사용하여 노인 집단과 청년 집단의 예측성 효과를 비교하였다. 나이에 대한 주효과는 거의 모든 측정치에서 유의미했고, 주시시간과 총 읽기시간에 대한 예측성 효과가 유의미했다. 특히 나이 변인(청년/노인)과 예측성 변인(예측/비예측) 간 상호작용이 건너뛰기율과 의미 통합에 관련된 안구운동 측정치에 대해서 상당히 유의미했다. 이러한 결과는 나이와 무관하게 단어에 대한 예측도가 읽기 과정에 상당한 영향을 미친다는 점을 보여주며, 더 나아가 청년과 노인의 글 읽기가 질적으로 다를 수 있음을 시사한다.

키워드

예측성, 노인, 나이 효과, 문해력, 안구운동

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