Effect of Poly Herbal Extract of Curcuma Amada Rhizome and Sida Spinosa Leaves on STZ - Induced Tissue Damage Marker Enzymes

— Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge with rising prevalence and associated complications. Among its various forms, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) poses a significant health concern. Chronic hyperglycemia in T2DM leads to oxidative stress, which, in turn, contributes to tissue damage and dysfunction. The present study investigates the potential therapeutic impact of a poly - herbal extract comprising Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves on tissue damage marker enzymes in a Streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic animal model. Curcuma amada, known as mango ginger


INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.It is associated with various complications, including cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and damage to vital organs.Among the different types of DM, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) accounts for the majority of cases worldwide.
The pathogenesis of T2DM is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.Elevated blood glucose levels in diabetes can lead to oxidative stress, which plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic complications.Increased oxidative stress can cause damage to cellular structures and molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to tissue damage and dysfunction.
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress triggers the activation of various enzymes and biochemical markers that are indicative of tissue damage.One such marker is the alteration of tissue damage marker enzymes, which include liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and kidney enzymes such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger, and Sida spinosa, a plant from the Malvaceae family, have been recognized for their medicinal properties in traditional systems of medicine.Both plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, which have demonstrated potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation.
This study aims to investigate the effect of a polyherbal extract comprising Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves on tissue damage marker enzymes in a Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal model.STZ, a naturally occurring compound derived from Streptomyces achromogenes, is wellknown for its ability to induce pancreatic β-cell damage, resulting in hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and tissue damage.The hypothesis is that the polyherbal extract may have potential protective effects against STZ-induced tissue damage marker enzyme alterations through its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.
Understanding the impact of this poly-herbal extract on tissue damage markers in the context of diabetes may provide valuable insights into its therapeutic potential for mitigating diabetic complications.This research contributes to the broader understanding of herbal remedies and their potential as complementary treatments for diabetes and its associated complications, offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions in the management of T2DM.

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. Experimental Design:
Animal Model Selection: Choose an appropriate animal model for inducing diabetes using Streptozotocin (STZ).Commonly used animals include rats or mice.Sample Size Calculation: Determine the required sample size to achieve statistical power.Consider factors such as variability, effect size, and significance level.

Ethical Considerations:
Obtain ethical approval from the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee for conducting animal experiments.
Comply with all ethical guidelines and regulations for the humane treatment of animals during the study.

Preparation of Poly-Herbal Extract:
Collect and prepare Curcuma amada rhizomes and Sida spinosa leaves according to established protocols.
Characterize the poly-herbal extract to identify and quantify bioactive compounds, such as curcuminoids and flavonoids.

Animal Grouping and Treatment:
Randomly divide the experimental animals into groups, including a control group, diabetic group (STZ-induced), and treatment groups receiving different doses of the poly-herbal extract.
Induce diabetes in the relevant groups using STZ and monitor blood glucose levels to confirm diabetes development.
Administer the poly-herbal extract to the treatment groups according to the predetermined dosages and schedule.

Data Collection:
Measure blood glucose levels regularly to monitor the effectiveness of STZ-induced diabetes and the impact of the poly-herbal extract.
At specific time points, collect blood and tissue samples (e.g., liver and kidney) from the animals for analysis.
Analyze tissue samples to assess the activity levels of tissue damage marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves at 100 mg/kg/day reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ALP), and alkaline  Comparing STZ-induced diabetic mice to animals treated with a poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves.U/ml is the unit of measurement for ALT, AST, and ALP.

Effect of poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves on blood glucose, HbA1C and plasma insulin levels in experimental groups
Table-3.1 displays the effects of streptozotocin (STZ) on glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels throughout the study's treatment groups.There was no variation in fasting blood glucose levels before STZ-induction, but after STZ-induction, there was a striking shift.Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the STZ-diabetic group II animals compared to the normal control group.Treatment with a poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves reversed the effects of streptozotocin.Indicator of glycemic control HbA1C levels were higher in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to controls.Treatment with a poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves dramatically reduced HbA1C levels and restored normal insulin levels in STZdiabetic mice, despite their similarly low plasma insulin levels.

Effect of poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves and STZ on the body weight, heart weight, Kidney weight and their ratio in experimental animals.
Tables 3.2 and 3.3 show the effects of the poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves on STZ-induced weight loss in the body, heart, and kidneys.Mice with STZ-induced diabetes were found to be considerably smaller than their nondiabetic counterparts (p 0.05), despite having bigger hearts and kidneys.Changes in body weight seemed to be within normal ranges in Groups III and IV, which were treated with a poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves.Heart and kidney weight to body ratios increased significantly (p 0.05) in STZ-diabetic mice compared to normal control animals, but were attenuated by treatment with a poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves.

IV. CONCLUSION
The present study delved into the potential therapeutic impact of a poly-herbal extract derived from Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced tissue damage marker enzymes in a diabetic animal model.Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 Diabetes, remains a global health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications, including oxidative stress-induced tissue damage.In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the poly-herbal extract from Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves exhibits a potential protective effect against STZ-induced tissue damage marker enzyme alterations.While these results are promising, further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to validate the safety and efficacy of the extract in clinical settings.
Nevertheless, this research marks a significant step toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in the battle against the multifaceted challenges posed by diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Fig. 7 . 1 :
Fig.7.1:Serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities in Swiss albino mice treated with poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves

Fig. 3 . 2 :
Fig.3.2:Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in normal, STZ-induced diabetic and diabetic mice treated with poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves

Fig. 3 . 3 :
Fig.3.3:Histological examination of H&E staining of cardiac sections in the control, STZ-induced diabetic, and poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves treated animals

Table - 3
.1: Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and levels in the control, STZ-induced diabetic, and poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves treated animalsTable -3.3: Body weight, kidney weight and their ratio in the control, STZ-induced diabetic, and poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves treated animals Mean standard deviation (n = 6) is shown for the values.a=significantly different from Group I at the 0.05 level; b = significantly different from Group II at the 0.05 level; NS = not significant.Table -3.2: Body weight, heart weight and heart weight / bodyweight ratio in the control, STZ-induced diabetic, and poly herbal extract of Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves treated animalsValues are expressed as mean ±S.D. (n =6 mice/group).a (p< 0.05) compared with group I; b (p<0.05)compared with group II; Non-significant (NS) compared to group I.