Investigation of Phytochemical in Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana

— The genus Euphorbia attracted the attention of many researchers as it is poorly studied. Euphorbia heterophyla and Euphorbia rothiana were selected and aimed to investigate the presence of phytochemicals screenings in leaf and stem. Aqueous, Acetone and Methanol Solvents were used for phytochemical analysis. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of phenolic compound in leaf and stem of the plants in all extracts and flavonoid using aqueous and methanol extracts. Our findings provides evidence, that aqueous and organic solvent extracts of these plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds.


INTRODUCTION
The Genus Euphorbia attracted the attention of many researchers as are poorly studied. Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, a big family comprising 300 genera and more than 7500 species ranging from lianas, shrubs and trees and distributed in many habitats [1].
Phytomedicines can be obtained from barks, leaves, flowers, roots , fruit, seeds. Knowledge of the chemical constituents will be valuable for synthesis of complex chemical substances [2].
Medicinal plants contain some organic compounds which provide definite physiological action on the human body and these bioactive substances include tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids [3]. These compounds are synthesized by primary or rather secondary metabolism of living organisms. Secondary metabolites are chemically and taxonomically extremely diverse compounds with obscure function. They are widely used in the human therapy, veterinary, agriculture, scientific research and countless other areas [4].
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical analysis of Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana, stem and leaves.

Collection of plant material
Fresh plant material of Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana were collected from different regions of Washim district, Maharashtra, India. It commonly occur in cultivated land, along with roadside, Shady & moist places. plant material washed under running tap Water 2-3 times to remove soil particles and dust. the plant material were shaded for 12 days. After drying plant materials grinded into fine powder using mechanical blender and then transfer into airtight Container with proper labeling for further use.

Preparations of solvent Extracts
Stem and leaves of the plant samples were thoroughly washed with running tap water 2-3 times and then finally washed with distilled water followed by shade-dried for seven days and then dried in an oven below 50ºC. The dried plant materials were then powdered using mixer and grinder. 30g of plant powder were extracted with 100ml of

Phytochemical screening
Extracts of stem and leaves of Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana using aqueous, acetone and methanol were subjected to various chemical tests in order to determine the secondary plant constituents: (5-9).

Mayer's test
A few drop of Mayer's reagents was added the Turbidity of the resulting precipitate indicates positive test for alkaloids.

Test for Tannins
A few chops of 0.1% ferric chloride was added and observed blackish-blue or brownish green Coloration indicates the Presence of Tannins.

Test for saponins
Extract was mixed with 5 ml of distilled Water in a test tube and then it was shaken vigorously, formation of stable foam indicates presence of Saponins.

Test for Flavonoids
Extract were treated with few drops of lead acetate solution yellow Coloration indicates. The presence of flavonoids.

Test for phenol
Crude Extract were treated with 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution. bluish black or blue green colour indicate positive test for phenol.

Test for Terpenoids (Salkowski test)
Extract was mixed in 2 ml of chloroform and concentrated H₂SO4 (3ml) was carefully added to form a layer. A radish brow coloration of thin inter face was formed it indicates positive test for terpenoids.

Ninhydrin test
Crude extract when boiled With 2 ml of 0.2% Solution of Ninhydrin Violet color indicates the presence of amino acids.

Test for Carbohydrates
Benedict's test 2 ml of Benedict's reagent added and heated on boiling Water bath for 2 min. reddish brown precipitate indicates the presence of Carbohydrates.

Test for Glycosides
To known volume of extract 1 ml of distilled Water added and aqueous solution of NaOH was added formation of yellow color indicates positive test for Glycosides.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Phytochemical analysis of aqueous, acetone and methanol extract of Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana shows positive test for tannin, phenol and glycoside and negative test for amino acids. Terpenoids are only present in stem of Euphorbia heterophylla. The results of phytochemical contents stem and leaf in Aqueous, Acetone and Methanol of Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia rothiana are reported in Table 1, Table-2 and Table-3,  Table 4, respectively.