اثر تنش خشکی ابتدا و انتهای فصل بر خصوصیات زراعی، عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ های گلرنگ ( .Carthamus tinctorius L) در خاک‏‏‏‏های کم بازده و شور اطراف دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر تنش خشکی در مراحل ابتدایی (روزت) و انتهایی (پرشدن دانه) بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد دانه و روغن ژنوتیپ‌های گلرنگ پاییزه در خاکهای کم بازده و شور اطراف دریاچه ارومیه انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی خسروشاه، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، در دو سال زراعی 99-1398 و 1400-1399 اجرا شد.کرت های اصلی شامل سطوح تنش (بدون تنش و تنش خشکی در مراحل روزت و پرشدن دانه) و کرت فرعی شامل ژنوتیپ‌های گلرنگ (پدیده، گل‌مهر، پرنیان، مکزیک14و مکزیک248) بودند. آبیاری کرت‌های بدون تنش، در زمان 80 میلی‌متر تبخیر و برای کرت های تنش، آبیاری در زمان 180 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بود. برای آبیاری از آب چاه با شوری 2/4 دسی زیمنس بر متر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی در مرحله روزت اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورد مطالعه نداشت، ولی در مرحله پرشدن دانه باعث کاهش معنی‌دار تعداد دانه در طبق (17 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (هفت درصد) ، عملکرد دانه (48 درصد) و روغن (51 درصد) شد. بنابراین دوره پرشدن دانه از نظر نیاز آبی گلرنگ بحرانی است و آبیاری در این مرحله ضروری است. اثر تنش خشکی و ژنوتیپ بر محتوای نسبی آب برگ و دمای پوشش گیاهی معنی‌دار بود و این شاخص‌ها برای ارزیابی اثر تنش خشکی در ژنوتیپ های گلرنگ مناسب تشخیص داده شدند. ارقام پدیده و گل مهر و لاین مکزیک248 به‌ترتیب با تولید 1983، 1979 و 2087 کیلوگرم دانه در هکتار در شرایط تنش خشکی در دوره پرشدن دانه، برای کشت در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل در خاکهای کم بازده و شور اطراف دریاچه ارومیه مناسب شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Early and Late Season Drought Stress on Agronomic Characteristics, Seed and Oil Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes in Marginal and Saline Soils around Lake Urmia

نویسنده [English]

  • B. Pasban Eslam
Field and Horticultural Crops Sciences Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early and late season drought stress on autumn sown safflower genotypes in marginal and saline soils around Lake Urmia in East Azarbaijan in Iran. A filed experiment was carried out as split-plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications at Khosroshah agricultural research field station, East Azarbaijan agriculture and natural resources research and education center, Tabriz, Iran, in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping seasons. Experimental factors included: drought stress levels (non-stress, drought stress in rosette stage and drought stress in seed filling stage) and safflower genotypes (cv. Padideh, cv. Golemehr, cv. Parnian, and Mexico14 and Mexico248 promising lines). The irrigation (water with EC = 4.2 ds m-1) of non-stressed plots was applied at the 80 mm and stressed plots at 180 mm evaporation from the Class A evaporation pan. The results showed that the effect of drought stress in the rosette stage on seed and oil yield was not significant. However, drought stress in the seed filling stage significantly decreased the seed no. head-1 by 17%, 1000-seed weight by 7%, and seed and oil yield by 48% and 51%, respectively. Therefore, application of irrigation in seed filling stage of safflower crop is necessary. The effect of drought stress on leaf relative water content and canopy temperature indices was significant, and these two indices were suitable for evaluation of drought sterss effect on safflower genotypes. It was concluded that cv. Padideh, cv. Golemehr, and Mexico248 promising line with 1983, 1979 and 2087 kg h-1 seed yield, respectively, under drought stress conditions in the seed filling stage, were adapted and suitable for being grown under late season drought stress in marginal and saline soils around Lake Urmia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Safflower
  • rosette stage
  • seed filing stage
  • canopy temperature
  • relative water content
  • seed oil content

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نهال و بذر
دوره 38، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 91-108

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