Influence of phosphorous treatment and aspartic acid spray on a few aspects of oat Avena sativa L. growth and production.

The experiment was carried out in the Abu Al-Fadl Forest Nursery, the Plant Production Department, Al-Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate (3 km north-east of Al-Diwaniyah city) during the winter season 2021-2022 to determine the effect of four levels of phosphate fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha -1 ) and two concentrations of aspartic acid spray (0 and 200 mg aspartic L -1 ), on the growth and yield of oats Avena sativa L. Shifa cultivar. The experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by a split plot with three replicates. The levels of phosphate fertilizer were distributed in the main plots, while the concentrations of amino acids occupied the sub-plots. The results showed the following: the superiority of plants fertilized at the fertilizer level of 90 kg P ha -1 significantly on the number of tillers, the number of dahlias, the weight of a thousand grains g, the biological yield and grain yield were given 532 tillers m -2 , 468.58 dalia m -2 , 46.76 g, 56.39 mcg ha -1 , and 8.92 mcg ha -1 , respectively, the results also showed that the plants treated with aspartic acid (concentration 200 mg L -1 ) were significantly superior to the number of tillers and the number of dahlias, it gave 527.75 tillers m -2 and 483.58 Dalia m -2 . The interaction between the two experimental factors (fertilization at a level of 90 kg P ha -1 and spraying with aspartic acid at a concentration of 200 mg L -1 ) significantly affected the biological yield and grain yield.


Introduction
Cereal crops are the first field crops that are more productive and consumed than the crops planted by humans.Oats (Avena satvia L.) is an important crop, a herbaceous winter annual plant belonging to the Poaceae family.The cultivated area is estimated globally at 9.30 million hectares, producing about 22.48 million tons 1 .It is ranked sixth after wheat, rice, yellow corn, barley and sorghum, grown in many countries of the world due to its nutritional importance, characterized by its high content of unsaturated fats, nutrients, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron and phosphorous, in addition to vitamin B and antioxidants, which can help lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes.Its ranking in the list of the most important cereal crops varies according to its economic importance from one country to another.In Iraq, the crop did not receive its share of attention, the wild species of it grows as bushes in wheat and barley fields, and it is called locally (Al-Dosser).It is cultivated in many regions of the world, as it is successfully cultivated in various types of soils.It can be grown in fertile, well-drained clay soils.It was more tolerant of soil acidity than wheat and barley 2 .The use of amino acids is one of the important basic requirements that help improve the quality and raise the production rate per unit area.Amino acids have several physiological effects on plants and are important in stimulating growth and maintaining cell pH.It is an essential source of nitrogen when added to building proteins and processing energy to encourage vegetative and root growth of plants, which reflects positively on the outcome and its components.Amino acids may reduce fertilizer use and improve plant growth.Amino acids also have an important role by acting as biostimulants, increasing absorption and improving nutrients 3 , According to 4 , amino acids promote root growth and activate the growth of the vegetative part of the plant.The absorption of nutrients through the roots depends on the amount of aspartic in the plant.Experiments have shown that amino acids increase and improve plant respiration, photosynthesis and water absorption, and promote plant growth and yield 5 .The analyses were carried out in the soil and water laboratory in the Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate.

Materials and Methods
Table 1.Some physical and chemical properties of field soil before planting.

Agricultural operations
The land of the experiment was plowed twice perpendicular to the plow with the inverted plow, and the radiator was smoothed.After leveling, it was divided into plots according to the arrangement of the split plots by designing randomized complete sectors with three replications.The main plots included four levels of phosphate fertilization (0, 30, 60 and 90) kg P ha -1 .Its symbols were P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively; the subplots contain two concentrations of aspartic acid (spraying distilled water only) with A0 and (200 mg/liter) a symbol A1.The process of nitrogen fertilization 120 kg N ha -1 was carried out in three equal batches of urea fertilizer (46% N) 6 , also, potassium fertilizer was added in the form of potassium sulfate (42% K) in one batch when planting, (with an amount of 40 kg K ha -1 ) 7 , phosphate fertilizer levels were added all at once during cultivation in the form of triple superphosphate (P2O5).Irrigation and weeding operations were also carried out as needed.The stages of adding paper feeding factors according to the scale of Zadoks et al. 8 were determined by the second factor in three batches (the first in the branching stage, the second in the elongation stage and the third in the lining stage), the traits were measured as follows: 1.The tiller number m -2 was calculated from the area of the harvested square meter.
2. The dahlia number was calculated from the harvested square meter area.
3. Using a sensitive scale, Estimate the 1000 grains' weight randomly from the grain yield.4. The grain yield was estimated from the harvest of a square meter area and converted based on Mg ha -1 . 5. The biological yield was estimated from the same area from which the grain yield was calculated in each experimental unit.The whole plants (grains + straw) were weighed and converted to Mg ha -1 .

Results
Table 2 shows that the fertilizer level P3, which gave the highest average number of tillers, reached 532.08 tillers m -2 , whereas level P1 gave the lowest average for this trait, which amounted to 439.75 tillers m -2 .
The results of the same table also showed that the concentration of 12 gave the highest average number of tillers per square meter, which amounted to 527.75 tillers m -2 , whereas treatment A0 gave the lowest mean for this trait, which amounted to 493.42 tillers m -2 .
The same table showed a significant increase in the number of dahlias m -2 when adding levels of phosphate fertilizer.The level of P3 exceeded, gave the highest average for this trait, amounted to 468.58 dahlias m -2 , while the P1 level gave the lowest average for the trait, which was dahlias m -2 .Table 2 showed a significant increase when adding phosphate fertilizer in the weight of 1000 grains, which gave the treatment P3 the highest average, amounting to 46.76 gm, while the fertilizer level P1 gave the lowest average of 35.78 gm.
The results of the same table showed that the P3 level was superior, and the highest mean of grain yield was recorded, which was 8.92 Mg ha -1 , as measured by the comparison treatment P0, which gave the lowest mean for the trait, it was 5.21 Mg ha -1 .This is due to the superiority of this treatment in the number of dahlias and the number of grains per dahlia.2. The effect of phosphorous levels and aspartic amino acid concentrations on the tillers number (tillers m -2 ), the dahlias number (dahlias m -2 ), 1000 grains weight (gm), the grain yield (mcg ha -1 ) and the biological yield (mcg h -1 ).

Discussion
Able 2 showed that the fertilizer level P3, which gave the highest average number of results from the increase in the average number of strands came as a result of the importance of phosphate fertilizer in the formation of lateral roots and root hairs, which contributed to increasing the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil, leads to strengthening the legs and increasing the number of tillers because it is a main source for cell division and increased plant growth, and it is concentrated in the most effective areas 9,10 .
In comparison, the concentration of 12 gave the highest average number of tillers per square meter.This is because the use of aspartic acid can affect the physiological activities in plant growth and yield 10 .Thus, the amino acids promoted the development of the root system and stimulated the growth of the vegetative part of the plant 11 .
Conversely, the significant difference between levels of phosphate fertilizer treatment for the dahlia's number traits is due to the increase in the number of shafts, reflected in the increase in spindles per unit area 12 .
The reason for the increase in the weight of 1000 grains with adding phosphate fertilizer can be attributed to the availability of phosphorous, which increased by increasing the phosphate fertilizer, which led to the availability of the phosphorous element in a more ready way for the plant, which encouraged important metabolic processes in the formation of starches and proteins and their storage and assembly in grains, while the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant effect of the effect of aspartic acid on the trait of the weight of a thousand grains.Table 2 showed the superiority of the level of P3 fertilization, as it gave the highest mean of the bio-crop characteristic of 56.39 MG ha -1 .The comparison treatment P0 gave the lowest mean for this trait, which was 33.86 Mg ha -1 .This increase can be attributed to the superiority of the P3 level in most growth characteristics and yield represented by the number of tillers and grain yield.At the same time, the acid did not significantly affect the character of grain yield and biological yield 13,14 .

Conclusions
The interaction between the two experimental factors (fertilization at a level of 90 kg P ha-1 and spraying with aspartic acid at a concentration of 200 mg L-1) significantly affected the biological yield and grain yield.Moreover, the difference in the average number of tillers per square meter is due to the fact that the use of aspartic acid can affect the physiological activities in plant growth and yield 10 .Thus, the amino acids promoted the development of the root system and stimulated the growth of the vegetative part of the plant 4 .
Experience siteThe field experiment was carried out in the Abu Al-Fadl forest nursery, Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate, Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, located between longitude and latitude 44.924722 and 31.989167during the winter agricultural season 2021-2022.Laboratory analyses were carried out in the Soil Fertility Laboratory -Al-Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate to know some physical and chemical properties of soil, as in the table below:

Table 2
showed the superiority of the level of P3 fertilization, as it gave the highest mean of the bio-crop characteristic of 56.39 MG ha -1 .The comparison treatment P0 gave the lowest mean for this trait, which was 33.86 Mg ha -1 .