Developing an instrument for measuring views on Muhammadiyah ideology

This research aims at developing an instrument for measuring views on Muham-madiyah ideology that is valid

analysis techniques and the expected results were the construct of Muhammadiyah ideology views. After obtaining the instrument construct, the instrument development planning activities were carried out by determining the prospective respondents, the form of the instrument scale, and the preparation of the instrument grid. The next activity was the initial product development of the instrument in the form of preparation of instrument items and expert validation. Experts were asked to assess the suitability of variables with indicators and the compatibility of indicators with statements. There were five experts involved, including measurement experts, Muhammadiyah thought experts, and Muhammadiyah practitioners and cadres. Data from expert assessment results were then analyzed using the Aiken formula. Instrument items are said to be valid if V-Aiken count > 0.90 (Aiken, 2000;Azwar, 1997). After obtaining the instrument validated by the expert, the next step was a limited trial. This activity is to get an overview of the characteristics of the instrument items and simplify the instrument items. The sample involved in the limited trial was 25 Muhammadiyah Regional Leaders in Karanganyar. Data from the trial results were analyzed by factor analysis with the SPSS assistance program. Research data in limited trials can be analyzed further if they meet the KMO-MSA criteria > 0.5 and BTS < 0.05, while the instrument items are declared valid if the AIC and Factor Loading values are > 0.5. After the instrument has gone through a limited trial, the next step is to try the instrument on an expanded scale. In this activity, the instrument was tried out in three districts, namely the Muhammadiyah regional leadership (Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah or PDM) Karanganyar, Sragen, and Boyolali involving 253 respondents. It is hoped to get a picture of the validity and reliability of the instrument. Instrument items are said to be valid if the value of loading factor > 0.3 and CR > 0.7 and reliable if the value of Cronbach's Alpha > 0.7 (Ghozali, 2014). Based on preliminary research on Muhammadiyah books, a construct of Muhammadiyah ideological views is obtained consisting of seven aspects, encompass monotheism, societal adherence to Islamic law, struggle to uphold Islamic teachings, prophet ittiba', organizational views, and Muhammadiyah ideals. The aspects, indicators, and examples of statements are listed in Table 1.

Findings
The initial product of the instrument is assessed for suitability of aspects with indicators and compatibility of indicators with statements by the Experts. The experts involved in the assessment of the instrument were measurement experts, academics, and Muhammadiyah cadres with a total of 5 experts. The results of the assessment obtain that the lowest calculated V-Aiken value was 0.933 and the highest 1.00, because the calculated V-Aiken value was > 0.90, all instrument items were declared valid (Aiken, 2000;Azwar, 2015). It is shown in Table 2. The results of a limited trial conducted at PDM Muhammadiyah Karanganyar obtain the following results: on the tauhid aspect, the KMO-MSA value is 0.573 (> 0.05), Bartlet's test of Spheriricity (BTS) index is 0.083 (> 0.05) so that the field data is declared unfit for further processing. All of the anti-image correlation (AIC) index values are above 0.5 except B1 (0.494), and B5 (0.447) so the items in the instrument are not good constituents of tauhid aspects. After items B1 and B5 are dropped, the KMO-MSA value is 0.622 (> 0.05), and BTS 0.011 (<0.05) so that the data is feasible for further analysis. The lowest AIC value is 0.583 (> 0.5) and the lowest loading factor value is 0.468 (> 0.3) so it can be concluded that the item items are valid. The tauhid aspect has one factor with a cumulative variance of 50.451% so it can be concluded that items B2, B3, B6, and B7 are good constructors, as can be seen in Table 3. cient for further processing (Amnie et al, 2021;Sabon et al., 2022). Anti-image correlation index (AIC) values of B8 (0.572), B9 (0.560), B10 (0.737), all above 0.5, and loading factors B8 (0.826), B9 (0.867), B10 (0.630) all above 0.5, so that the instrument items are valid and construct good social aspects because they have one factor with a cumulative variance of 60.990%. Factor analysis on aspects of adherence to Islamic teachings shows that the KMO-MSA value is 0.630 above the cut score value of 0.05, Bartlet's test of Sphericity (BTS) index of 0.005 is less than the cut score of 0.05 so that the field data is declared sufficient for further processing (Amnie et al., 2021;Sabon et al., 2022). However, there is an anti-image correlation (AIC) index value of B14 (0.348<0.5) so the items in the instrument are not good constructors of aspects. After item B14 is dropped, the results for AIC values are B11 (0.646), B12 (0.768), B13 (0.776), B15 (0.646) are all > 0.5 and loading factor values are B11 (0.822), B12 (0.615), B13 (0.732), B15 (0.822) all > 0.4 so that the instrument items are declared valid and because they have one factor with a cumulative variance of 56.652% so that items B11, B12, B13, B15 are good instrument const ituent items.
Factor analysis on the aspect of upholding Islamic teachings shows that the KMO-MSA value is 0.747 above the cut-score value of 0.05, Bartlet's test of Sphericity (BTS) index of 0.000 is less than the cut-score of 0.05 so that the field data is declared sufficient for further processing (Amnie et al., 2021;Sabon et al., 2022). The value of the index anti-image correlation (AIC) of B16 (0.748), B17 (0.812), B18 (0.730), B19 (0.666), B20 (0.755), B21 (0.730) are all above 0.5, the loading factor value is B16 (0.784), B17 (0.810), B18 (0.662), B19 (0.914), B20 (0.762), B21 (0.572) all >0.5 so that the instrument items are declared valid. The construct has the first two factors called Islamic teachings and the second factor the enforcement of Islamic teachings, with a cumulative total of the first factor being 49.943% and the second factor being 68.583%. Both factors are good constructors.
Factor analysis on the aspect of Prophet ittiba' shows that the KMO-MSA value is 0.570 above the cut score value of 0.05, Bartlet's test of Spheriricity (BTS) index of 0.001 is less than the cut score of 0.05 so that the field data is declared sufficient for further processing (Amnie et al., 2021;Sabon et al., 2022). Anti-image correlation index (AIC) values of B22 (0.630), B23 (0.547), B24 (0.583), B25 (0.569) are all above 0.5, loading factor values B22 (0.536), B23 (0.866), B24 (0.737 ), B25 (0.784) are all > 0.5, so the instrument items are valid and construct good aspects because they have one factor with a total cumulative variance of 54.875%. Factor analysis on organizational aspects shows that the KMO-MSA value is 0.592 above the cut-score value of 0.05, Bartlet's test of Sphericity (BTS) index is 0.000 less than the cut-score of 0.05 so that the field data is declared sufficient for further processing. All anti-image correlation index (AIC) values are above 0.5, namely B26 (0.565), B27 (0.832), B28 (0.560), loading factor values B26 (0.884), B27 (0.634), B28 (0.902) all > 0.5 so that the instrument items are declared valid and construct good aspects because they have one factor with a total cumulative variance of 66.570%. Factor analysis on the aspect of Muhammadiyah's life goals shows that the KMO-MSA value is 0.665 above the cut-score value of 0.05, Bartlet's test of Sphericity (BTS) index of 0.000 is less than the cut-score of 0.05 so that the field data is declared feasible for further processing carry on.   (Ghozali & Fuad, 2008;Ho, 2006;Tabachnick et al., 2007), as presented in Table 4. The Construct Reliability (CR) measurement results are counted using Formula (1). The value of CR = 0.988757 is obtained, as presented in Table 5. Because the value of CR > 0.7, it can be concluded that the instrument has a guarantee of convergent validity (Ghozali, 2014;Subando et al., 2021).   The results of testing the reliability of the instrument using the SPSS program obtained a value of Cronbach's Alpha = 0.869, because the value of Cronbach's Alpha is > 0.7, it can be concluded that the instrument met the reliability criteria. The final product of the development of the Muhammadiyah ideology view instrument is an instrument with a total of 25 items detailing the aspects of monotheism (two items), community (three points), obedience to Islamic law (three points), enforcement of Islamic teachings (five points), prophet ittiba' (four items), organization (three points), and the goals of Muhammadiyah (six points). The valid and invalid items starting from the beginning of development until the final product can be seen in Table  6. In addition, the measurement criteria that can be used to assess the view on Muhammadiyah's ideology are shown in Table 7.

Discussion
The views and ideals of Muhammadiyah life are contained in the preamble to the Muhammadiyah statutes (Nashir, 2014). This is a knowledge aspect consisting of two points, and measuring the view that Muhammadiyah is a da'wah movement adhering to Islamic beliefs. Muhammadiyah works in fostering society with the principle of worship to Allah SWT. Muhammadiyah is of the view that forming a good society is a form of worship. Regulating and building society is part of Muhammadiyah's mandate and Islamic teachings (Munir, 2010). Some of the instrument items are dropped in the development process because all respondents have the same answers. This is because the item in question is a fact and can be sensed easily by the respondent. The things that become the image of Muhammadiyah and have become facts in society so that it is not necessary to ask the respondents is that Muhammadiyah cleanses society from superstitions, heresy, and khurafat by prioritizing tolerance (Central Board of Muhammadiyah, 2005).
The community aspect consists of three instruments that measure the respondent's view that society is the natural law of human beings and every human being aspires to a prosperous, safe, peaceful, prosperous and happy society. According to Muhammadiyah, the description of the ideal society as above can be realized with honesty, brotherhood, cooperation based on God's law and free from lust and satanic influences (Nurhayati et al., 2019).
Socializing is part of the consequences of living in the world. Community is a means of serving Allah SWT. One's perfection will disappear if human life is not in society (Nashir, 2014). An aspect of obedience to Islamic law measures the respondent's view that orderly social life will only be realized if Islamic teachings are adhered to (Wiharto, 2011). A society that is prosperous, safe, peaceful, prosperous, and happy can only be realized based on Islamic law (Nurhayati et al., 2019). Islamic teachings are the only legal basis for realizing an ideal society (Nashir, 2014).
In this way, Muhammadiyah works to shape the morals of society with Islamic teachings (guidelines of the Quran and Sunnah) not based on human-created values. Muhammadiyah works to implement worldly muamalah (management and community development) based on Islamic teachings (Munir, 2010).
Aspects of upholding Islamic teachings measure the view that the absolute obligation for everyone who claims to believe in God is to uphold God's law above any law. Muhammadiyah realizes that people who can uphold Islam to create a truly Islamic society are only those who claim to believe in God.
Meanwhile, to create an Islamic society, the integration of religious knowledge and general knowledge is needed so that Islamic teachings that contain religious knowledge are important in realizing an Islamic society (Nashir, 2014). Islamic teachings can be used as a guideline to form a true society in both past and future lives. The Quran and sunnah which are the guidelines in Islamic teachings are the basis for forming an Islamic society (Munir, 2010).
The Prophet Ittiba' aspect, the life of the Prophet Muhammad's struggle contains the key to success in realizing today's Islamic society. Steps of struggle in the life of the Prophet Muham-mad. Ancient time is suitable for realizing today's Islamic society. Because the basic needs and problems of human life do not change, what changes are the means of fulfilling their needs. As a result, in realizing an Islamic society, one has to follow what the Prophet Muhammad once said as a form of worship to Allah SWT and Muhammadiyah works seriously to uphold worship that is clean from heresy (Nashir, 2014).
The aspect of organizing. Being organized is obligatory, and without an organization, the struggle to create an Islamic society will fail (Nashir, 2014). Because an orderly and regular organization has a great opportunity to achieve the vision, mission, and goals of the organization. Based on this explanation, to realize the ideals of an Islamic society, people must organize and regular organizations are needed (Wiharto, 2011).
In the aspect of Muhammadiyah's ideals of life, Muhammadiyah struggles to realize an Islamic society. An Islamic society is a society that guarantees justice, equality, security, safety, and freedom for its citizens. A society that thrives on justice based on Islamic law (Nashir, 2014). A just and prosperous society is under the auspices of the Republic of Indonesia and the protection of Allah SWT (Munir, 2010). Muhammadiyah views the struggle to create an Islamic society as above as the way to God's heaven.
All instruments have guaranteed validity, both content and construct validity. There is a guarantee of content validity as evidenced by the V Aiken calculated value (0.90-1.00) > V-Aiken table (0.90) indicating that there is a match between the aspects and the indicators and the compatibility of the indicators with the statements contained in the instrument (Shrotryia & Dhanda, 2019;Yusoff, 2019). There is a guarantee of construct validity as evidenced by the loading factor values ranging from 0.3 to 0.85 (> 0.3), the t-value ranging from 3.48 to 12.75 (> 1.96) indicating that the instrument items are valid instrument items and significant as well as a good constructor (Marsh et al., 2020;Stalikas et al., 2018;Subando et al., 2020). This is reinforced by the CR value of (0.92)> 0.7 which indicates a convergent validity guarantee. There is a guarantee of validity, the construct or latent variable which is an invisible variable can be measured through the indicators represented by the instrument items. Thus, the answers to the instrument items describe the construct variable being measured. The instrument also has a guarantee of reliability, this is shown by the value of Cronbach's Alpha = 0.869> 0.7 which indicates that the instrument can be used to measure respondents outside the sample in development research (Aiken, 1985).

CONCLUSION
The instrument for measuring the views of Muhammadiyah ideology has a total of 25 items with detailed aspects of monotheism (two items), community (three points), obedience to Islamic law (three points), enforcement of Islamic teachings (five points), prophet ittiba' (four items), organization (three points), and the ideals of Muhammadiyah (six points). The instrument meets the validity criteria because the loading factor values range from 0.3 to 0.85 (> 0.3) and CR (0.92) > 0.7. The instrument is also reliable because Cronbach's Alpha = 0.869> 0.7. Because the instrument is valid and reliable, the instrument is suitable for measuring Muhammadiyah's ideological views.