Effect of spraying yeast and Urea fertilizer on some vegetative properties of rose plant

This experiment conducted in Location of Horticulture department / Raparin university during 15 March to 5 May 2019, to study the effect of different level of Yeast and Urea some vegetative propertieson growth of Rose plant.This experiment included the study of four levels of dry yeast extraction (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/L), and four levels of Urea extraction (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/L) and their interaction, The plants were sprayed with dry yeast and Urea extractions just after the emergence of the second true leaf until beginning of flowering and every 10 days.Results showed that increasing of foliar application of active dry yeast concentration up to 5 g/l increased the vegetative growth characters of Rose plants in terms of plant length, leaf area and number of brunch of whole plant. Moreover, increasing of Urea concentration up to 5gmdecreased the vegetative growth characters as mentioned above. Addition of foliar spray of yeast at 7.5 g/l. along with foliar spray of Urea at 2.5gm resulted in the highest values of the above mentioned plant growth. The experiment was laid out in pots in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (P≤0.05).


Introduction
Roses are one of the beautiful and most popular flowers among many floriculture crops of the world. The rose derived from the Latin word "Erose" meaning the "God of love" (Rajesh and Ramesh, 1999). Rose belongs to genus Rosa, sub family is Rosoideae and family Rosaceae (Man et al., 2010). The rose has 200 species and more than 20,000 varieties (Gauchan et al., 2009). Miniatures roses are a type of roses that are smaller in mass. They are perfect for glass boxes, pots and containers, typically grown to about 35cm and can have double or semidouble flowers (Cushman et al., 1994). These are enormous to add colors and scented to a home or closed garden. Nitrogen has many functions in all division, the synthesis of proteins, protoplasm, enzymes and organic compounds as nucleoproteins, amino acid and chlorophyll. The improving effect of N applied via foliage al yield, Fruit quality was emphasized by the results of AKL et al., (1997) and Abdel-Hady (1995). Moreover, born plays an important role in flowering and fruiting processes, biosynthesis and translocation of carbohydrates, movement of the natural hormones and the encouragement of both cell division and cell enlargement (Nijjar, 1985). Recently, the bio-fertilizer active dry yeast was found enhance grape yield and physical of chemical characteristics of berries Normier, 2000) Urea can be sprayed on leaves and can also be mixed with insecticides or herbicides for soil application. A urea ammonium nitrate mixture with herbicide is also used for weed control , in the present world, flower becomes important not only for its aesthetic social values, but also for its economic contribution (Aditya, 1992;Dadlani, 2003). People usually use flowers in all their ceremonies like wedding, birthday and marriage day greetings, religious offerings and sometimes in social, political and historical occasions. The universal usage has created a real trend of producing flower on a commercial basis to meet increasing demand in the market. The area under rose cultivation was 111 ha producing about 2423 tonnes with an average yield of 21.92 t/ha. Nitrogen is an important element involved in protein and chlorophyll biosynthesis, which ultimately affects photosynthetic rate and accumulation of food reserves ( and young sugarcane plants. Yeast addition to soil also increased the root-to-shoot ratio in both species and induced species-specific morphological changes that included increased tillering in sugarcane and greater shoot biomass in tomato plants.

Materials and method
The experiment was carried out at the vegetative research farm, Horticulture Department, University of Raparin under plastic house during the season of 15 th March to 5 th May 2019 to study the effect of bread yeast(0, 2.5, 5, 7.5)gm/l and Urea extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5)gm/l on plant growth, Flower dimeter , number of brunch and plant length. The flower cut was cultured in 15 th January in a pot. The Mix that use to culture the cutting was mix 50% sand and 50% peatmoss then when the second true two leafs appear the spray started, four sprays were add yeast and urea and interaction between them with three replication The first spry in 15 th March until beginning of flowering and every 10 days.The result us following : 1-Preparation of the dry yeast suspension: The dry bread yeast suspension was prepared by melting certain weights(2.5 ,5, 7.5) (g) in a liter of distilled water , at a temperature (32 ° F) with sugar (sucrose) to activate the yeast and then placed in an incubator. (Chalutz et all 1977).

2-Preparation of the Urea suspension:
Urea suspension is prepared in the same way as the yeast suspension but without adding sugar 3-Preparation mix of the Yeast and Urea: The suspension were prepared by mixed the different weight of yeast and urea in 1/litter of distilled Water.

Result and Dissuasion:
Effect of Foliar spray of Yeast and Urea suspension plant length (cm) , Flower area and number of brunch : Data in Table (  The positive effects of dry yeast application were reflected on its considered as a natural source of cytokinins that stimulates cell division and enlargement as well as the synthesis of protein, nucleic acid and chlorophyll (Kraig and Heber, 1980;Spencer et al., 1983;Castelfranco andBeale, 1983 andFathy andFarid, 1996). It also contains sugar, proteins, amino acids and vitamins (Shady, 1978). The improvement of vegetative growth characters in response of to the foliar application of active dry yeast and Urea may be attributed to its content of different nutrients, higher percentage of proteins, higher values of vitamins, especially B which may play an important role in improving growth and controlling the incidence of fungi diseases (Meyer andPhaff, 1969 andSubba Rao, 1984). Therefore due to the role of nitrogen, which enters the building of amino acids in the formation of protein as well as being involved in the construction of chlorophyll, combining four atoms of nitrogen with a magnesium atom to form a chlorophyll molecule as well as its role in the construction of cellular membranes and vitamins, Vitamin B, which contributes to the total length of the plant and the number and breadth of the leaves and the number of lateral branches and the soft and dry weight of the plant and this is consistent with the statements of (Abudahi and others 1988 and Hopkins and Huner, 2004). Recently, Sarhan and Abdullah, (2010) found that the positive effects caused by the addition of yeast suspension in improving shoots characteristics might be due to the development of the yeast after its analysis into wide groups of amino acids and vitamins. The nitrogen concentration increases up to 7.5 g. L-1 resulted in increased plant content of nitrogen and this had a negative impact on vegetative growth characteristics of plants, indicating the arrival to toxic concentration in the plant compared to plants that were treated with a concentration of 2.5 g and 5 g. L -1, but it may significantly exceed the treatment of comparison and in all qualities and this may be due to the increase in the amount of nitrogen and reach the toxic limits, which leads to increased composition of protoplasm arising from the composition of the protein, which contains large amounts of water, this leads to water loss due to different concentration (

Conclusion:
The results of the present investigation indicated that, foliar application of active yeast extract and Urea suspension the vegetative growth characters, improved flower quality, increased the productivity of Rose plant. Application of yeast at the concentration of 7.5 g/l. combined with application of Urea at the concentration of 2.5gm gave the highest values of vegetative growth characters. The results also support the fact that, the use of dry Yeast as a foliar spray leads to increasing plant growth which causes significant increases in Flower yield and Improve vegetative qualities of plants but oppositely increase the Urea concentration let to decrease the plant vegetative growth. Not /  T1= Y0U0  T14=Y3U1  T2=Y0U1  T15=Y3U2  T3=Y0U2  T16=Y3U3  T4=Y0U3  T5=Y1U0  T6=Y1U1  T7=Y1U2  T8=Y1U3  T9=Y2U0  T10=Y2U1  T11=Y2U2  T12=Y2U3  T13=Y3U0 Reference