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ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6557

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Elucidating the Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Narrative Evaluation with Clinical Standpoints and a Pragmatic Approach for Therapeutics

Author(s): Sukhes Mukherjee*, Suman Kumar Ray, Ashwin Kotnis and Jagat R Kanwar

Volume 18, Issue 4, 2022

Published on: 31 March, 2022

Article ID: e220222201354 Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X18666220222144002

Price: $65

Abstract

With the incidence of the unabated spreading of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic with an increase in heart-related complications in COVID-19 patients, laboratory investigations on general health and diseases of heart have greater importance. The production of a higher level of clots in the blood in COVID-19 individuals carries a high risk of severe lethal pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, or widespread thromboembolism. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness regarding the severe consequences for the cardiac system that might cause due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, and acute heart failure in people with preexisting cardiac illness. However, as COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infectious disease, there is still a lot of debate on whether and how cardiac biomarkers should be used in COVID-19 patients. Considering the most practical elucidation of cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19, it is important to note that recent findings on the prognostic role of cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 patients are similar to those found in pneumonia and ARDS studies. The use of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin concentrations as quantitative variables should help with COVID-19/pneumonia risk classification and ensure that these biomarkers sustain their high diagnostic precision for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Serial assessment of D-dimers will possibly aid clinicians in the assortment of patients for venous thromboembolism imaging in addition to the increase of anticoagulation from preventive to marginally higher or even therapeutic dosages because of the central involvement of endothelitis and thromboembolism in COVID-19. Therefore, cardiac biomarkers are produced in this phase because of some pathological processes; this review will focus on major cardiac biomarkers and their significant role in COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19, cardiac biomarkers, myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, venous thromboembolism, cardiac stress.

Graphical Abstract

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