Abstract
Progesterone (P4) participates in the regulation of several physiological and pathological processes in mammals through the interaction with its intracellular receptors (PR), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. Many human cancers depend on P4 for growth and metastasis, especially cancers of reproductive tissues. In women, administration of combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal symptoms increases the risk of breast cancer relative to women taking estrogens alone. P4 exerts its actions through various mechanisms classified as classical and non-classical. PR has dual functions as a nuclear transcription factor and as a modulator of cell signaling pathways. Many PR target genes do not contain canonical progesterone response elements (PRE) in their promoter regions and may thus be regulated by PR tethering to other transcription factors and/or rapid signaling, independent of direct PR DNA binding. We review the mechanisms involved in P4 effects on genes implicated in control of cell cycle, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, such as cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) whose promoters lack PRE sequences, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which gene contains PRE in its promoter region. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cyclin D1, EGFR and VEGF expression by P4 will be helpful for the development of new cancer therapies.
Keywords: Cancer, Cyclin D1, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Progesterone, Progesterone receptor, Vascular endothelial, growth factor
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Regulation of Gene Expression by Progesterone in Cancer Cells: Effects on Cyclin D1, EGFR and VEGF
Volume: 13 Issue: 5
Author(s): Olivia Tania Hernandez-Hernandez and Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cancer, Cyclin D1, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Progesterone, Progesterone receptor, Vascular endothelial, growth factor
Abstract: Progesterone (P4) participates in the regulation of several physiological and pathological processes in mammals through the interaction with its intracellular receptors (PR), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. Many human cancers depend on P4 for growth and metastasis, especially cancers of reproductive tissues. In women, administration of combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal symptoms increases the risk of breast cancer relative to women taking estrogens alone. P4 exerts its actions through various mechanisms classified as classical and non-classical. PR has dual functions as a nuclear transcription factor and as a modulator of cell signaling pathways. Many PR target genes do not contain canonical progesterone response elements (PRE) in their promoter regions and may thus be regulated by PR tethering to other transcription factors and/or rapid signaling, independent of direct PR DNA binding. We review the mechanisms involved in P4 effects on genes implicated in control of cell cycle, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, such as cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) whose promoters lack PRE sequences, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which gene contains PRE in its promoter region. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cyclin D1, EGFR and VEGF expression by P4 will be helpful for the development of new cancer therapies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tania Hernandez-Hernandez Olivia and Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio, Regulation of Gene Expression by Progesterone in Cancer Cells: Effects on Cyclin D1, EGFR and VEGF, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 13 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557511313050002
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557511313050002 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Disorders
Mitochondria are the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, these organelles are an important source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in virtually any nucleated cell type. The modulation of a myriad of cellular signaling pathways depends on the mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
A Review of Mechanisms of Circumvention and Modulation of Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance
Current Cancer Drug Targets In Vivo Target Validation: Methodology and Case Studies on the Janus Kinase Tyk2
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Herbs with Special Emphasis on Herbal Medicines for Countering Inflammatory Diseases and Disorders - A Review
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery The Therapeutic Impact of Manipulating Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Polynuclear Ruthenium, Osmium and Gold Complexes. The Quest for Innovative Anticancer Chemotherapeutics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nanomedical Platform for Drug Delivery in Cancer
Current Organic Chemistry Cytokine and Immune System Abnormalities in Fibromyalgia and Other Central Sensitivity Syndromes
Current Rheumatology Reviews Monitoring and Surveillance of Obesity in the United States
Current Nutrition & Food Science Bowman-Birk Inhibitors from Legumes and Human Gastrointestinal Health: Current Status and Perspectives
Current Protein & Peptide Science Using Feature Selection Technique for Drug-Target Interaction Networks Prediction
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Approaches to Profile Functional Long Noncoding RNAs Associated with Stem Cell Pluripotency
Current Genomics Recent Patents on Heat Shock Proteins Targeting Antibodies
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer Treatment
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2): A Challenging New Target for Treatment of Vascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Drug Repositioning for Treatment of Movement Disorders: From Serendipity to Rational Discovery Strategies
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Epigenetic Modifications of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signalling Pathway and its Impact on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Potential of Targeting TREM-1 in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Protein & Peptide Letters Synthesis and Hypoxia Selective Radiosensitization Potential of β-2-FAZA and β-3-FAZL: Fluorinated Azomycin β-Nucleosides
Medicinal Chemistry Evaluation of Antitumor Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of Mitomycin C Solubilized in Chamomile Oil Nanoemulsion
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry