Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), largely due to atherosclerosis, are the major causes of death in today’s world. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by retention and accumulation of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins, in particular lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), in the artery wall. This initiates pathological responses of immune cells that lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation. T cells are present during all stages of the disease, and play an essential role in the initiation and progression of plaques. Whereas most T effector cell responses have been suggested to aggravate atherosclerosis, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to limit inflammation and inhibit the formation of lesions. In addition to their effects on the local pathological process, T cells and their released mediators modulate systemic lipid metabolism and can increase risk of CVDs. Such knowledge on the pathological and protective function of these cells has led to significant advances in the field. This review examines experimental and pre-clinical studies approaching the manipulation of cellular immunity in atherosclerosis. Modulation of T cells responses by vaccination, antibody therapies, dendritic cell based-therapies, and using amino acid-derived metabolites have shown benefits against atherosclerotic plaque progression in animal models. The clinical benefit of T cell-based therapies in humans still requires further investigation.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, therapy, T cells, CVD, IDO, DC, TCR.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:T Cell-based Therapies for Atherosclerosis
Volume: 19 Issue: 33
Author(s): Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth, Anton Gisterå, Daniel K. Johansson and Göran K. Hansson
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, therapy, T cells, CVD, IDO, DC, TCR.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), largely due to atherosclerosis, are the major causes of death in today’s world. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by retention and accumulation of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins, in particular lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), in the artery wall. This initiates pathological responses of immune cells that lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation. T cells are present during all stages of the disease, and play an essential role in the initiation and progression of plaques. Whereas most T effector cell responses have been suggested to aggravate atherosclerosis, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to limit inflammation and inhibit the formation of lesions. In addition to their effects on the local pathological process, T cells and their released mediators modulate systemic lipid metabolism and can increase risk of CVDs. Such knowledge on the pathological and protective function of these cells has led to significant advances in the field. This review examines experimental and pre-clinical studies approaching the manipulation of cellular immunity in atherosclerosis. Modulation of T cells responses by vaccination, antibody therapies, dendritic cell based-therapies, and using amino acid-derived metabolites have shown benefits against atherosclerotic plaque progression in animal models. The clinical benefit of T cell-based therapies in humans still requires further investigation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ketelhuth F.J. Daniel, Gisterå Anton, Johansson K. Daniel and Hansson K. Göran, T Cell-based Therapies for Atherosclerosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319330003
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319330003 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Stroke Risk Stratification Schemes in Atrial Fibrillation in the Era of Non- Vitamin K Anticoagulants: Misleading and Obsolete, At Least for the “Low-Risk” Patients?
Current Drug Targets The Dialogue Between Endothelial Cells and Monocytes/Macrophages in Vascular Syndromes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Thiazide Diuretics: 50 Years and Beyond
Current Hypertension Reviews A Rationale for Curcuminoids for the Prevention or Treatment of Alzheimers Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Nanocarriers Assisted siRNA Gene Therapy for the Management of Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identification of Genes for a Complex Trait: Examples from Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Activation of the Liver X Receptor Inhibits Th17 and Th1 Responses in Behcet`s Disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Nutritional Quality of Lettuce
Current Nutrition & Food Science Dronedarone – A New Alternative for Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Aortic Wave Velocity: A Noninvasive Method to Measure the Stiffness of Arteries and the Clinical Results of Supplements That Appear to Improve Arterial Stiffness
Current Aging Science Phycobiliproteins: A Novel Green Tool from Marine Origin Blue-Green Algae and Red Algae
Protein & Peptide Letters Insights Into Early and Rapid Effects of Statin Therapy after Coronary Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Crosstalk Signalling Role in Modulation of Drugs Side Effects
Current Molecular Pharmacology Clinical Implications of CYP2D6 Genetic Polymorphism During Treatment with Antipsychotic Drugs
Current Drug Targets Relationship between Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review
Current Cardiology Reviews Limited Hypotensive Effect of Sildenafil in a High-Risk Population: A Preliminary Report
Current Drug Safety Epidemiological and Maternal Features of Maternal Mortality in the West of Iran: Hamadan, 2011-2019
Current Women`s Health Reviews Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels and Cardiac Fibrosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Metabolic Syndrome: Lessons from Animal Models
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Conduction Disorders: The Value of Surface ECG
Current Cardiology Reviews